Du sollst dir kein Bildnis noch irgendein Gleichnis machen, fordert das zweite der zehn mosaischen Gebote. Aber wir müssen uns Bilder machen, indem wir denken. Das menschliche Denken lebt aus Bildern, es bewegt sich in Bildern, und diese entwickeln dabei ihr eigenes Leben. Wie lassen sich jenes Gebot und diese Notwendigkeit verbinden? Wie lässt sich eine jeweils zeitgemässe Ordnung in diese Bilderflut bringen, ohne sie dauerhaft zu fixieren und damit das lebendige Denken zu töten? In diese Fragen lässt sich die (...) denkerische Lebensaufgabe des Autors Nikolaus von Kues (1401-1464) zusammenfassen. Philosophen und Theologen, Historiker und Bildwissenschaftler versammelten sich im November 2017 im Geburtshaus von Nikolaus am Ufer der Mosel in Kues, um diese Fragen auf den neuesten Stand der Forschung zu bringen. Die Themen reichen von detaillierten Bild-Lektüren einschlägiger Kunstwerke aus West und Ost über Logik, Reichweite und Grenzen des konjekturalen Denkens. Grundzüge einer Mythologie der Vernunft, die elliptische Dis-zentralisierung des ego-zentrischen Denkens sowie die Rolle der Imagination für das Erkennen, bis zu einer Würdigung der einprägsamen Bilder aus der Lebenswelt im Werk des Cusanus und zu seinem neuen Entwurf eines Menschenbildes im Geist der Renaissance im Spiegel des Verborgen bleibenden Gottesbildes. Anlass dieser Sammlung von innovativen Cusanus-Studien war der 70. Geburtstage des japanischen Kollegen und verdienten Cusanusforschers Kazuhiko Yamaki. Yamaki ist Professor em. für Philosophie an der Waseda-Universität Tokyo. Sein Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt in der europäischen Philosophie des MIttelalters, doch seine besondere Liebe und Aufmerksamkeit gehören dem Philosophen Nikolaus von Kues und dessen Bildersprache, die Yamaki stets auch auf ihre Aktualität für unsere Gegenwart hin befragt. (shrink)

民俗社会における身体はどのように文化化・社会化されており、どのような意味づけを行ってきたか。また、そこにはどのような心性が宿っていたかという新しい視点で構想する。.

En raison de son statut de département japonais, la situation postcoloniale vécue par les habitants d'Okinawa reste peu visible de l'extérieur. TI n'en demeure pas moins que la double sujétion de l'île, au Japon et aux États-Unis, suscite depuis 1945 colère et indignation. Mais dans le cadre général de la seconde modernité japonaise, quelle peut être la portée pratique d'une pensée critique ? Cette interrogation­ servira de fil conducteur à notre texte qui se propose de suivre l'itinéraire d'une jeune chanteuse (...) qui, placée au croisement des mondes japonais et okinawais, tente de se frayer une voie qui mène vers des états de paix.Because of Okinawa's particular status as a Japanese constituency, the post-colonial situation experienced by its inhabitants has never been transparent to the outside world, although the island's dual dependency, on Japan and the United States, has been a source of anger and indignation ever since 1945. But in the more general context of Japan's second age of modernity, where does critical thinking lead in practice? This is the underlying thread of our narrative, in which we follow a young singer, caught between her Japanese and Okinawa backgrounds, as she tries to fight her way through to a state of peace. (shrink)

The derivative is a basic concept of differential calculus. However, if we calculate the derivative as change in distance over change in time, the result at any instant is 0/0, which seems meaningless. Hence, Newton and Leibniz used the limit to determine the derivative. Their method is valid in practice, but it is not easy to intuitively accept. Thus, this article describes the novel method of differential calculus based on the double contradiction, which is easier to accept intuitively. Next, the (...) geometrical meaning of the double contradiction is considered as follows. A tangent at a point on a convex curve is iterated. Then, the slope of the tangent at the point is sandwiched by two kinds of lines. The first kind of line crosses the curve at the original point and a point to the right of it. The second kind of line crosses the curve at the original point and a point to the left of it. Then, the double contradiction can be applied, and the slope of the tangent is determined as a single value. Finally, the meaning of this method for the foundation of mathematics is considered. We reflect on Dehaene’s notion that the foundation of mathematics is based on the intuitions, which evolve independently. Hence, there may be gaps between intuitions. In fact, the Ancient Greeks identified inconsistency between arithmetic and geometry. However, Eudoxus developed the theory of proportion, which is equivalent to the Dedekind Cut. This allows the iteration of an irrational number by rational numbers as precisely as desired. Simultaneously, we can define the irrational number by the double contradiction, although its existence is not guaranteed. Further, an area of a curved figure is iterated and defined by rectilinear figures using the double contradiction. (shrink)

Determinants of synesthetic color choice for Japanese phonetic characters were studied in six Japanese synesthetes. The study used Hiragana and Katakana characters, which represent the same set of syllables although their visual forms are dissimilar. From a palette of 138 colors, synesthetes selected a color corresponding to each character. Results revealed that synesthetic color choices for Hiragana characters and those for their Katakana counterparts were remarkably consistent, indicating that color selection depended on character-related sounds and not visual form. This Hiragana–Katakana (...) invariance cannot be regarded as the same phenomenon as letter case invariance, usually reported for English grapheme-color synesthesia, because Hiragana and Katakana characters have different identities whereas upper and lower case letters have the same identity. This involvement of phonology suggests that cross-activation between an inducer brain region and that of the concurrent area in grapheme-color synesthesia is mediated by higher order cortical processing areas. (shrink)

武士道は思弁的な教条主義を排し、現実重視と結果尊重の立場を貫く。徳川日本の力量示す、その戦略的思考と行動の論理。.

Determinants of synesthetic color choice for the Japanese logographic script, Kanji, were studied. The study investigated how synesthetic colors for Kanji characters, which are usually acquired later in life than other types of graphemes in Japanese language , are influenced by linguistic properties such as phonology, orthography, and meaning. Of central interest was a hypothesized generalization process from synesthetic colors for graphemes, learned prior to acquisition of Kanji, to Kanji characters learned later. Results revealed that color choices for Kanji characters (...) depend on meaning and phonological information. Some results suggested that colors are generalized from Hiragana characters and Arabic digits to Kanji characters via phonology and meaning, respectively. Little influence of orthographic information was observed. The findings and approach of this study contributes to a clarification of the mechanism underlying grapheme-color synesthesia, especially in terms of its relationship to normal language processing. (shrink)

We investigated cultural differences between U.S. and Japanese color preferences and the ecological factors that might influence them. Japanese and U.S. color preferences have both similarities and differences. Complex gender differences were also evident that did not conform to previously reported effects. Palmer and Schloss's weighted affective valence estimate procedure was used to test the Ecological Valence Theory's prediction that within-culture WAVE-preference correlations should be higher than between-culture WAVE-preference correlations. The results supported several, but not all, predictions. In the second (...) experiment, we tested color preferences of Japanese–U.S. multicultural participants who could read and speak both Japanese and English. Multicultural color preferences were intermediate between U.S. and Japanese preferences, consistent with the hypothesis that culturally specific personal experiences during one's lifetime influence color preferences. (shrink)

In this article, incoherent results of the associations between subjective well-being and economic status at multiple social levels are shown. Although individual-level positive associations are shown within developed countries, national-level associations disappear among developed countries. Group/area-level associations, meanwhile, do exist within Japanese societies. From these inconsistent phenomena, a sociocultural unit is proposed, within which well-being of people is collectively shared based on mutual reciprocity. The simple addition of social scientific results themselves cannot reconstruct the whole range of phenomena. Humanities could (...) be considered as the glue, which adds sociocultural meanings to the generalized scientific results. (shrink)

Graphical Abstract2013 marks the 50th annual Drew festival in Uto City, Japan, celebrating the work of University of Manchester botanist, Dr. Kathleen Drew-Baker. Her insight into the reproductive biology of algae was the key to efficient farming of the seaweed “nori” which is a familiar component of Japanese food.

Chemotherapy is an important therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. However, drug resistance is an obstacle that often impairs the successful use of chemotherapies. Therefore, overcoming drug resistance would lead to better therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. Recently, studies by our own and other groups have demonstrated that there is an intimate correlation between the loss of the F‐box and WD repeat domain‐containing 7 (FBW7) tumor suppressor and the incurring drug resistance. While loss of FBW7 sensitizes cancer cells to certain drugs, (...) FBW7‐/‐ cells are more resistant to other types of chemotherapies. FBW7 exerts its tumor suppressor function by promoting the degradation of various oncoproteins that regulate many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cellular metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Since loss of the FBW7 tumor suppressor is linked to drug resistance, FBW7 may represent a novel therapeutic target to increase drug sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutics. This paper thus focuses on the new functional aspects of FBW7 in drug resistance. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Das Mittelalter Jahrgang: 19 Heft: 1 Seiten: 146-166.

熊本大学生命倫理論集第3巻のテーマは「生命の価値」そのものである。生命倫理が前提とする生命という価値についての根本的問いかけに、哲学、倫理学、法学、医学、脳科学、生物学等の様々な分野の専門家が本気で取 り組み、学問の境界を越えた議論を展開する。.

1-2. Sōkō -- 3. Katō Hiroyuki kōen zenshū ; Shizen to rinri ; Kokka no tōchiken ; Sekininron ; Jinsei no shizen to waga kuni no zento.

科学的予測なるものの圧力が増大するなかで。先端バイオテクノロジーやDNA型鑑定への期待、災害予測、感染症シミュレーション、地震予測、放射線被ばくのリスク予測、そして政策や経済での活用まで、予測と社会の 複雑かつ多面的な関係性を考察する。.