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Vilayanur S. Ramachandran [26]Vilayanur Ramachandran [3]
  1. The science of art: A neurological theory of aesthetic experience.Vilayanur Ramachandran & William Hirstein - 1999 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 6 (6-7):15-41.
    We present a theory of human artistic experience and the neural mechanisms that mediate it. Any theory of art has to ideally have three components. The logic of art: whether there are universal rules or principles; The evolutionary rationale: why did these rules evolve and why do they have the form that they do; What is the brain circuitry involved? Our paper begins with a quest for artistic universals and proposes a list of ‘Eight laws of artistic experience’ -- a (...)
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  2. Synaesthesia: A window into perception, thought and language.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Edward M. Hubbard - 2001 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (12):3-34.
    (1) The induced colours led to perceptual grouping and pop-out, (2) a grapheme rendered invisible through ‘crowding’ or lateral masking induced synaesthetic colours — a form of blindsight — and (3) peripherally presented graphemes did not induce colours even when they were clearly visible. Taken collectively, these and other experiments prove conclusively that synaesthesia is a genuine percep- tual phenomenon, not an effect based on memory associations from childhood or on vague metaphorical speech. We identify different subtypes of number–colour synaesthesia (...)
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  3. The perception of phantom Limbs: The D. O. Hebb lecture.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & William Hirstein - 1998 - Brain 121:1603-1630.
    Almost everyone who has a limb amputated will experience a phantom limb--the vivid impression that the limb is not only still present, but in some cases, painful. There is now a wealth of empirical evidence demonstrating changes in cortical topography in primates following deafferentation or amputation, and this review will attempt to relate these in a systematic way to the clinical phenomenology of phantom limbs. With the advent of non-invasive imaging techniques such as MEG (magnetoencephalogram) and functional MRI, topographical reorganization (...)
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  4. Individual differences among grapheme-color synesthetes: Brain-behavior correlations.Edward M. Hubbard, A. Cyrus Arman, Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Geoffrey M. Boynton - 2005 - Neuron 5 (6):975-985.
  5. Synaesthesia in phantom Limbs induced with mirrors.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Diane Rogers-Ramachandran - 1996 - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 263:377-386.
  6. Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Edward M. Hubbard - 2001 - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 268:979-983.
    We studied two otherwise normal, synaesthetic subjects who `saw' a speci¢c colour every time they saw a speci¢c number or letter. We conducted four experiments in order to show that this was a genuine perceptual experience rather than merely a memory association. (i)The synaesthetically induced colours could lead to perceptual grouping, even though the inducing numerals or letters did not. (ii)Synaesthetically induced colours were not experienced if the graphemes were presented peripherally. (iii)Roman numerals were ine¡ective: the actual number grapheme was (...)
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  7. Three laws of qualia: what neurology tells us about the biological functions of consciousness.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & William Hirstein - 1997 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 4 (5-6):429-457.
    Neurological syndromes in which consciousness seems to malfunction, such as temporal lobe epilepsy, visual scotomas, Charles Bonnet syndrome, and synesthesia offer valuable clues about the normal functions of consciousness and ‘qualia’. An investigation into these syndromes reveals, we argue, that qualia are different from other brain states in that they possess three functional characteristics, which we state in the form of ‘three laws of qualia’. First, they are irrevocable: I cannot simply decide to start seeing the sunset as green, or (...)
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  8. Anosognosia in parietal lobe syndrome.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 1995 - Consciousness and Cognition 4 (1):22-51.
    Patients with right parietal lesions often deny their paralysis , but do they have "tacit" knowledge of their paralysis? I devised three novel tests to explore this. First, the patients were given a choice between a bimanual task vs a unimanual one . They chose the former on 17 of 18 trials and, surprisingly, showed no frustration or learning despite repeated failed attempts. I conclude that they have no tacit knowledge of paralysis . Second, I used a "virtual reality box" (...)
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  9. The Simulating Social Mind: The Role of the Mirror Neuron System and Simulation in the Social and Communicative Deficits of Autism Spectrum Disorders.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - unknown
    The mechanism by which humans perceive others differs greatly from how humans perceive inanimate objects. Unlike inanimate objects, humans have the distinct property of being “like me” in the eyes of the observer. This allows us to use the same systems that process knowledge about self-performed actions, self-conceived thoughts, and self-experienced emotions to understand actions, thoughts, and emotions in others. The authors propose that internal simulation mechanisms, such as the mirror neuron system, are necessary for normal development of recognition, imitation, (...)
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  10. Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia.Edward M. Hubbard & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2005 - Neuron 48 (3):509-520.
  11. Perceptual correlates of massive cortical reorganization.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran, Diane Rogers-Ramachandran & Marni Stewart - 1992 - Science 258:1159-1160.
  12. The phenomenology of synaesthesia.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Edward M. Hubbard - 2003 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (8):49-57.
    This article supplements our earlier paper on synaesthesia published in JCS (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001a). We discuss the phenomenology of synaesthesia in greater detail, raise several new questions that have emerged from recent studies, and suggest some tentative answers to these questions.
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  13. Perceptual filling in of artificially induced scotomas in human vision.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Richard L. Gregory - 1991 - Nature 350:699-702.
  14. A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness: From Impostor Poodles to Purple Numbers.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2004 - Pearson Professional.
    "How can people come to believe that their poodle is an impostor? Or see colors in numbers? Francis Crick, co-discoverer of DNA, said of V. S. Ramachandran's first book, "The patients he describes are fascinating, and his experiments on them are both simple and ingenious." With his unique energy and style Ramachandran now shares his insights into the mind from such everyday human experiences as pain, sight, and the appreciation of beauty to the ultimate philosophical conundrums of consciousness."--BOOK JACKET.
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  15. Hearing colors, tasting shapes.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Edward M. Hubbard - 2003 - Scientific American (May):52-59.
    Jones and Coleman are among a handful of otherwise normal as a child and the number 5 was red and 6 was green. This the- people who have synesthesia. They experience the ordinary ory does not answer why only some people retain such vivid world in extraordinary ways and seem to inhabit a mysterious sensory memories, however. You might _think _of cold when you no-man’s-land between fantasy and reality. For them the sens- look at a picture of an ice cube, (...)
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  16.  43
    Visual attention modulates metacontrast masking.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Steve Cobb - 1995 - Nature 373:66-68.
  17.  15
    “Fake it till You Make it”! Contaminating Rubber Hands (“Multisensory Stimulation Therapy”) to Treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Baland Jalal, Richard J. McNally, Jason A. Elias, Sriramya Potluri & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13:476545.
    Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a deeply enigmatic psychiatric condition associated with immense suffering worldwide. Efficacious therapies for OCD, like exposure and response prevention (ERP) are sometimes poorly tolerated by patients. As many as 25 percent of patients refuse to initiate ERP mainly because they are too anxious to follow exposure procedures. Accordingly, we proposed a simple and tolerable (immersive yet indirect) low-cost technique for treating OCD that we call “multisensory stimulation therapy.” This method involves contaminating a rubber hand during the (...)
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  18.  70
    Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates of plasticity in the adult human brain.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 1993 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Usa 90:10413-10420.
  19. Apotemnophilia: a neurological disorder.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - unknown
    Apotemnophilia, a disorder that blurs the distinction between neurology and psychiatry, is characterized by the intense and longstanding desire for amputation of a speci¢c limb. Here we present evidence from two individuals suggestive that this condition, long thought to be entirely psychological in origin, actually has a neurological basis. We found heightened skin conductance response..
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  20.  45
    Contrast affects the strength of synesthetic colors.Edward M. Hubbard, Sanjay Manohar & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2006 - Cortex (Special Issue on Synesthesia) 42 (2):184-194.
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  21.  21
    Do the colors of your letters depend on your language? Language-dependent and universal influences on grapheme-color synesthesia in seven languages.Nicholas Root, Michiko Asano, Helena Melero, Chai-Youn Kim, Anton V. Sidoroff-Dorso, Argiro Vatakis, Kazuhiko Yokosawa, Vilayanur Ramachandran & Romke Rouw - 2021 - Consciousness and Cognition 95 (C):103192.
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  22. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 2e.Vilayanur Ramachandran (ed.) - 2016 - Elsevier.
     
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  23. Filling in.Why Dennett is Wrong, Patricia Smith Churchland & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 1994 - In Antti Revonsuo & Matti Kamppinen (eds.), Consciousness in Philosophy and Cognitive Neuroscience. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
     
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  24. An empirical refutation of the direct realist theory of perception.J. R. Smythies & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 1997 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 40 (4):437-438.
    There are currently two main philosophical theories of perception - Direct Realism and the Representative Theory. The former is supported by most contemporary philosophers, whereas the latter forms the groundwork for most scientific theories in this area. The paper describes a recent experiment involving retinal and cortical rivalry that provides strong empirical evidence that the Direct Realist theory is incorrect. There are of course a large number of related experiments on visual perception that would tend to lead us to the (...)
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  25.  88
    The Evolutionary Psychology of Envy and Jealousy.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Baland Jalal - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  26. Filling in gaps in perception: Part I.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 1992 - Current Directions in Psychological Science 1:199-205.
  27.  56
    The size-weight illusion, emulation, and the cerebellum.Edward M. Hubbard & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2004 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (3):407-408.
    In this commentary we discuss a predictive sensorimotor illusion, the size-weight illusion, in which the smaller of two objects of equal weight is perceived as heavier. We suggest that Grush's emulation theory can explain this illusion as a mismatch between predicted and actual sensorimotor feedback, and present preliminary data suggesting that the cerebellum may be critical for implementing the emulator.
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  28.  57
    How do shared circuits develop?Lindsay M. Oberman & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (1):34-35.
    The target article discusses a model of how brain circuits mediate social behaviors such as imitation and mindreading. Hurley suggests potential mechanisms for development of shared circuits. We propose that empirical studies can be designed to differentiate the influence of genetic and learning-based factors on the development of shared circuits. We use the mirror neuron system as a model system.
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