This book is dedicated to clarify ambiguous concepts from the world of creativity and innovation. One of the initial triggers for the development of the book was the perceived ambiguity of the binomials Design vs. Design Thinking and Innovation vs. Invention. Frequently, designers and innovation consultants are questioned by their clients about the relationships between these kind of concepts. Has the second emerged through the first, or vice-verse? Is one part of the other? Where are the similarities and which are (...) the differences? This conceptual incomprehension makes itself noticeable between many ambiguous concepts in the world of innovation and creativity. What is the difference between Radical and Disruptive Innovation? Or is Social Innovation the same as Social Intervention? And regarding Creativity, are Creativity and Creative Thinking the same? In this book the reader will find answers to these kinds of questions and doubts. 28 authors from 10 different countries and cultural backgrounds are questioning current definitions and perceptions, by comparing different sources and ideas, or simply by giving their personal opinions. Some of the authors have an academic background, others a practical one, being either entrepreneurs, working with innovation in companies, or being innovation/design consultants. (shrink)

O presente artigo objetiva demonstrar como o feminismo universal foi incapaz de contemplar as demandas sociais da mulher negra. Através de análises de autoras e avaliação de índices socioeconômicos verifica-se o impacto gerado pela invisibilização das exclusões enfrentadas por mulheres na abordagem Feminista Universal.

Law 49/2018, of August 14, created the Portuguese legal regime of the assisted decision-making (capacity), thus eliminating the legal institutes of interdiction and disqualification, provided for in the Civil Code (CC). The aim of this legal regime was to embed a new vision of disability based on a model of rights, that grants people with disabilities an independent and autonomous life and reflects the acceptance of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) guidelines. This paper intends (...) to discuss the ‘new’ Portuguese legal system regarding the legal capacity of persons with disabilities and its role in valuing the expression of the real will of people with disabilities. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged countries, regions, schools, and individuals. School closures due to lockdowns forced changes in the teaching practices and the learning support provided to children at home. This study aimed to provide insights on the changes between the first and the second lockdowns in Portugal, concerning remote teaching practices and family support to children's education. A self-report questionnaire was filled by 144 parents of third grade students. The results show that, between the two lockdowns, there was a significant (...) decrease in the amount of support provided at home to school assignments and activities, as well as in the amount of time spent by students in TV broadcasted lessons and in reading training supported by the family. Inversely, families reported a significant increase in the amount of time spent by students in independent reading activities and in the time spent in training reading guided by teachers. The number of synchronous lessons with a teacher and the number of times students trained reading during a synchronous lesson also increased in the second lockdown. Additionally, in the second lockdown, parents perceived synchronous lessons to be more effective at improving their child's reading skills and perceived themselves as more capable of supporting their child in reading acquisition. These findings are used to discuss school responses and remote teaching and learning practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a problemática inserida no discurso coaching alinhada à lógica neoliberal, o impacto deste pensamento na trajetória dos jovens em formação pelo Programa de Trabalho Protegido na Adolescência (PTPA) e de que modo esse discurso remodela os aspectos da subjetividade do sujeito em desenvolvimento. Para tanto contou-se com material de fonte primária obtido em atividade de pesquisa-ação denominada “Oficina dos Sonhos”, que contou com presença e participação direta dos adolescentes do PTPA que tiveram a (...) tarefa de pensar no local onde residem, como vivem e a perspectiva da transformação de modo lúdico e participativo. Assim, a oficina foi realizada pelo Observatório de Políticas Públicas para Adolescência, projeto de extensão da UERJ, e tornou-se relevante para compreender como a visão social e cultural do adolescente em diferentes contextos pode moldar a realidade dos sujeitos. Este estudo propõe, portanto, analisar a realidade do adolescente inserido na contradição do Estado capitalista, compreender limites, desafios e possibilidades de acesso ao primeiro emprego com condições dignas e tendo seus direitos garantidos, bem como a garantia à construção e continuação de projetos de vida. (shrink)

Cada concepción de la persona responde a un modelo antropológico determinado. Sin embargo, todas confluyen como mínimo, en dos aspectos: todas las personas son receptoras de su vida y todas comparten un anhelo último de felicidad. Pero, ¿qué implicaciones tiene esto en la búsqueda del éxito del hombre? ¿Es compatible con la vinculación al otro? ¿Qué implica ser altruista y qué rol desempeña esta conducta en la consecución del éxito? ¿Es el ser humano altruista de forma innata? De este modo, (...) se pretende analizar el fenómeno del altruismo, su origen y su sentido en la persecución del éxito de la persona desde las dimensiones biológica, psicológica y antropológica que conforman a la persona. (shrink)

While firms' engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility has been associated with positive performance impacts, little is known about the incorporation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda into business practices. Precisely, although the literature suggests that firms are pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there are limited insights on their strategy to implement them in the context of developing countries. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive large-scale investigation of 2030 Agenda adoption by Brazilian companies. Accordingly, the analysis of our (...) multicase study reveals (1) variations on the business opportunities brought by the SDGs depending on the firm position in the value chain, (2) which SDGs and target stakeholders are addressed through corporate policies and practices, (3) the different ways firms embrace the SDGs to pursue ambidexterity. Our findings clarify how firms in the developing countries interpret the institutional pressures and assemble their internal resources to respond to the SDGs challenges. Boundary conditions and policy implications are further discussed. (shrink)

Esse artigo espera contribuir para a compreensão da relação entre a religião e a política. Por meio da análise tipológica e do recurso metodológico da história oral temática elaboramos o seu ambiente teórico. Estudamos os jovens inseridos na Pastoral da Juventude do Meio Popular entre meados das décadas de 1980 e 1990, na região industrial de Belo Horizonte – Brasil. Estes jovens são representantes do grande movimento religioso conhecido como cristianismo da libertação de larga e profunda repercussão na história política (...) e religiosa da república brasileira da segunda metade do século XX. Nossa compreensão situa-se na passagem do catolicismo tradicional para o catolicismo internalizado experimentado por esses jovens e suas famílias no processo de migração das áreas rurais para a jovem área urbana. Vale dizer que os fragmentos de entrevistas citadas foram realizadas por nós para a pesquisa que deu vaga a esse artigo. Palavras-chaves : Juventude. Religião e política. Esquerda católica brasileira. CatolicismoThis article aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between religion and politics. The theoretical environment of this research has been prepared by analyzing typological and methodological resource of oral history. For this purpose, we studied the young participants of the Youth Ministry of the "lower middle class" between the mid 1980s and 1990 in the industrial region of Belo Horizonte - Brazil. These young people represent a religious movement known as liberation Christianity, with profound repercussions in the political and religious history of the Brazilian republic of the second half of the twentieth century. The scope of this study lies in the transition from traditional Catholicism to the form of Catholicism internalized and experienced by these young people and their families in the process of migration from rural to urban areas. The fragments of interviews cited were conducted for research that allowed this article. Keywords : Youth. Religion and politics. Brazilian Catholic left. Catholicism. (shrink)

O PROBLEMA DO LICENCIAMENTO DE GRANDES EMPREENDIMENTOS PRIVADOS EM FACE DO DIREITO URBANÍSTICO: ANÁLISE DE UM CASO EMBLEMÁTICO NA PERIFERIA DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO.

Neste trabalho pretendemos analisar as propostas de construção social da realidade a partir da Teoria do Discurso, na perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau e da análise do discurso de Michel Foucault. Um discurso na perspectiva de Laclau ocorre pela articulação contingente de identidades, em torno de demandas hegemonizadas por uma das identidades que configuram o sentido da realidade. Esse fechamento de sentido é sempre inacabável e, portanto, é contingente e temporário. Já para Foucault o sentido do discurso não está preso às (...) suas condições de emergência passadas, e o que o define não é tanto um conjunto de aspectos comuns, mas um conjunto de regras de formação comuns e um marco institucional desde onde a autoridade do discurso emana. Aqui pretendemos expor os pressupostos epistemológicos dos dois autores e suas implicações na construção do político. (shrink)

Informa que a competência em informação são habilidades que o sujeito exerce para o uso, a busca e a avaliação da informação. Discute sobre a competência em informação, no campo das relações raciais, das (os) estudantes da Faculdade de Informação e Comunicação na Universidade Federal de Goiás, a fim de colaborar com a agenda antirracista. Realiza pesquisa básica, exploratória e bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa. Utiliza como instrumento de coleta de dados questionário, aplicado via Google Forms. Aponta que as (os) discentes (...) necessitam de uma formação mais pontual que possibilite uma discussão sobre a situação da população negra brasileira e o entendimento sobre as relações raciais no Brasil. Conclui que a competência em informação é importante para a (o) futura (o) profissional da informação e comunicação no debate das relações raciais para a promoção da igualdade racial, buscando orientar a sociedade para a igualdade racial. (shrink)

O espaço geográfico é uma categoria da ciência geográfica que possibilita uma acentuada e complexa possibilidade de refletir a coletividade social, sendo que neste desafio são trazidas à tona inúmeras perspectivas de análises da relação homem-natureza. Dessa feita, o presente estudo elabora uma breve discussão acerca do espaço geográfico enquanto uma ferramenta de análise das relações sociais, além de evidenciar a sua centralidade no interior da Geografia. Ao longo do estudo estão colocadas algumas concepções teóricas desta categoria geográfica, com destaque (...) para os entendimentos elaborados pela Geografia Crítica, uma reflexão que propõem a necessidade de se politizar os sujeitos por intermédio do ensino, com destaque para os conteúdos geográficos ensinados por seus respectivos professores desde os primeiros anos do ensino fundamental. A busca aqui foi a de confirmar a capacidade que a Geografia possui em se utilizar do próprio espaço geográfico na qual os alunos estão inseridos enquanto materialidade para uma concepção própria de mundo, sendo que através desta conquista, se permite compreender e pensar a construção de uma sociedade pela e para a própria coletividade envolvida. É esta a grande questão discorrida no presente ensaio, pensar uma proposta de ensino na geografia que politize os sujeitos, permitindo assim a formação de sujeitos ativos e cientes do seu papel no mundo. (shrink)

Introduction: The importance attached to ethical practice and related informed consent varies among health professionals and is further influenced by working environments, level of knowledge, experience and societal values and beliefs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ethical conduct of professors, undergraduates and graduate students through questionnaires answered by patients. Methods: One hundred twenty patients at the dental clinics of three different dental schools in São Paulo State were interviewed based on objective and discursive questions about signed (...) informed consent, participation in scientific research, photographs during treatment, requested saliva samples, tooth donation requests, and information about tooth destination after removal. A frequency distribution was used for a statistical analysis of the data. Results: In all, 65.8% of the patients had given signed informed consent for treatment and 12.5% had not done so; 10.8% did not know if they had participated in scientific research; 54.2% were photographed during dental procedures and 47.1% of them had signed an authorization form; 6.6% were requested to provide a saliva sample and 66.6% of them had signed an authorization form to that effect; 16.1% had a tooth donation requested and 64.4% of them had signed an authorization form to that effect; and 61.3% did not know the destination of the tooth after removal, when donation was not requested. Conclusions: The majority of the patients had signed an informed consent form for treatment, photographs, saliva samples and tooth donation. This demonstrated ethical conduct towards patients on the part of professors, undergraduates and graduate students. doi: 10.5294/pebi.2017.21.1.2. (shrink)

O Correio Interceptado, que se compõe de 63 Cartas, fornece ao longo dos seus textos exemplos vários sobre o modo de estar em política. Aí são examinados com crítica espirituosa e intransigente diversos actos do poder político em exercício e tratam-se muitos assuntos de interesse para a história contemporânea. O modelo do periodismo da emigração londrina abriu a via, o arquétipo está agora instalado e projecta-se na produção dos periódicos deste período. Da autoria de José Ferreira Borges, emigrado em (...) Londres, ao mesmo tempo que outros, como Simões Margiochi e Ferreira de Moura, estas Cartas merecem, no campo da crítica da política e no quadro do novo paradigma comunicacional, a maior atenção. (shrink)

A professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves teve formação educacional diferenciada e, concluindo o ensino superior, continuou sua formação com cursos e encontros científicos no Brasil e em outros países. Durante as viagens, trocava missivas com seus familiares, que foram mantidas em arquivo pessoal em plástico denominado “Cartas enviadas ao meu pai”. Procurou-se analisar: qual a escrita de si de Pórcia contida nas cartas trocadas com seus familiares entre 1946 e 1958? Listaram-se os objetivos específicos: mapear os familiares mencionados nas cartas; (...) analisar a materialidade do suporte epistolar procurando aspectos subjetivos em seus registros autobiográficos; e identificar temas narrados nessa escrita. (shrink)

O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar as condições de possibilidade da escravidão e da violência antinegra, assim como da produção de significações raciais – do ser-negro – e das fantasias coloniais. Para isso, buscarei, majoritariamente, recursos conceituais na obra de Achille Mbembe, com auxílio de alguns conceitos de Jacques Rancière, de forma a tratar o que chamo de _partilha colonial do sensível_, analisando a relação entre a raça enquanto construção imaginária, significações raciais e a organização social da percepção e da (...) sensibilidade que herdamos do colonialismo europeu. Assim, pretendo elaborar o sentido da ausência de enlutabilidade – nos termos de Judith Butler – e de crises éticas – nos termos de Denise Ferreira da Silva – na esteira da violência racial desde o tempo da escravidão, mostrando, também, como o tempo da liberdade não se constitui como ruptura profunda, pois não interditou a reorganização da linguagem e da imaginação sobre um mesmo fundo de negatividade inaugurado com o exercício soberano do poder colonial como um poder de não-ver e não-ouvir a humanidade negra. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to identify the relative contribution of individual and contextual predictors to students’ attitudes toward the acceptability of cheating and plagiarism. A group of 324 students from a tertiary institution in New Zealand completed an online survey. The findings indicate that gender, justice sensitivity, and understanding of university policies regarding academic dishonesty were the key predictors of the students’ attitudes toward the acceptability of cheating and plagiarism, both as agents of dishonest conduct and as witnesses (...) of misconduct among their peers. The implications of these findings for the development of policies and initiatives in tertiary institutions are discussed. (shrink)

This study investigates whether employees attribute different motives to their organization's corporate social responsibility efforts and if these motives influence employee performance. Specifically, we investigate whether employees could distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic CSR motives by surveying 229 employee–supervisor dyads from various industries , and the impact of these perceptions on in-role and extra-role performance of subordinates. We found that employee task performance increases when employees attribute both intrinsic and extrinsic motives for CSR. Moreover, when employees perceive that their organization (...) invests in a CSR practice that is both intrinsic and extrinsic, they also tend to exert extra effort in their work. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed alongside future research directions. (shrink)

Microbiome research shows that human health is foundationally intertwined with the ecology of microbial communities living on and in our bodies. This challenges the categorical separation of organisms from environments that has been central to biomedicine, and questions the boundaries between them. Biomedicine is left with an empirical problem: how to understand causal pathways between host health, microbiota and environment? We propose a conceptual tool – environmentality – to think through this problem. Environmentality is the state or quality of being (...) an environment for something else in a particular context: a fully perspectival proposition. Its power lies partly in what Isabelle Stengers has called the efficacy of the word itself, contrasting the dominant sense of the word environment as something both external and fixed. Through three case studies, we argue that environmentality can help think about the causality of microbiota vis-a-vis host health in a processual, relational and situated manner, across scales and temporalities. We situate this intervention within historical trajectories of thought in biomedicine, focusing on the challenge microbiome research poses to an aperspectival body. We argue that addressing entanglements between microbial and human lives requires that the environment is brought into the clinic, thus shortening the conceptual gap between medicine and public health. (shrink)

What happens when we unexpectedly see an attractive potential partner? Previous studies in laboratory settings suggest that the visualization of attractive and unattractive photographs influences the perception of time. The major aim of this research is to study time perception and attraction in a realistic social scenario, by investigating if changes in subjective time measured during a speed dating are associated with attraction. The duration of the dates was variable and participants had to estimate the time that passed. Among other (...) measures, participants also rated the potential partners in terms of their physical attractiveness before and after the dates and reported if they would like to exchange contact with them. Results showed that, in a real speed dating situation, when there is a perception of the partner as being physically more attractive, women tend to overestimate the duration of that meeting, whereas men tend to underestimate its duration. Such changes may reflect evolutionary adaptations which make the human cognitive system more responsive in situations related to reproductive fitness. (shrink)

Irony is acknowledged to be usually critical: the ironic speaker tends to exhibit an apparent positive attitude in order to communicate a negative valuation. The reverse is considered to be also possible though: the ironic speaker can praise by apparent blaming, although it seldom happens. This unbalance between the two sorts of ironic examples is the so-called asymmetry issue of irony. Here I shall deny the possibility of being ironic without criticizing — hence the asymmetry issue is an illusion. By (...) claiming that irony is always critical I suggest an even stronger claim: criticism is what distinguishes irony from the similar phenomenon of metaphor. (shrink)

Soren Kierkegaard's Works of Love, a series of deliberations on the commandment to love one's neighbor, has often been condemned by critics. Here, Ferreira seeks to rehabilitate Works of Love as one of Kierkegaard's most important works. He shows that Kierkegaard's deliberations on love are highly relevant to some important themes in contemporary ethics, including impartiality, duty, equality, mutuality, reciprocity, self-love, sympathy, and sacrifice. Ferreira also argues that Works of Love bears on issues peculiar to a religious ethic, (...) such as the role of God as "middle term," and the possibility of preserving the aesthetic dimensions of love in a religious ethic of relation. (shrink)

Early embryogenesis is marked by a frail Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The time of SAC acquisition varies depending on the species, cell size or a yet to be uncovered developmental timer. This means that for a specific number of divisions, biorientation of sister chromatids occurs unsupervised. When error‐prone segregation is an issue, an aneuploidy‐selective apoptosis system can come into play to eliminate chromosomally unbalanced cells resulting in healthy newborns. However, aneuploidy content can be too great to overcome, endangering viability.SAC generates (...) a diffusible signal to lengthen time spent in mitosis if needed, ensuring correct chromosome segregation, a fundamental factor in the generation of euploid cells. Thus, it remains puzzling what benefit could come from delaying SAC acquisition till later in the development. In this review, we describe what is known on SAC acquisition in distinct species and highlight pending research as well as potential applications for such knowledge. (shrink)

The present study aimed to explore and map the views of Portuguese laypersons regarding the acceptability of downsizing and restructuring measures during a recession. Two hundred and seven participants with various levels of training in economics were presented with a number of realistic scenarios depicting various measures, and were asked to indicate the extent to which they considered them to be acceptable. The scenarios were created by varying three factors likely to have an impact on people’s views: the magnitude of (...) a company’s reduction in net sales, the magnitude of planned downsizing, and the way in which downsizing would be implemented, either through layoffs, job alliances or both. Six qualitatively different personal positions were found. Four of these following positions were expected: never acceptable, mainly depends on the magnitude of downsizing, mainly acceptable and job alliance. Two unexpected positions were also observed: drastic measures and undetermined. (shrink)

The increasing use of digital technologies in judicial and arbitration proceedings increases the usage of digital evidence by the parties, which brings the necessity of creating patterns for adjudicators to admit and assess this new type of evidence. This paper generally addresses digital evidence focusing on the second moment in international arbitration proceedings. It also narrows the topic to hacked and leaked evidence and its admissibility in international arbitration. The literature review showed a significant amount of research devoted to the (...) evidence in arbitration. Some considered electronic evidence within one jurisdiction; others focused on certain forms of digital evidence such as electronic signatures. Papers on digital evidence in international arbitration approach arbitration rules for digital evidence but skip admissibility issues. No systemic and complex works research digital evidence in arbitration, explicitly focusing on the admissibility of hacked and leaked digital evidence from a comparative perspective. Also, no research deals with enforcing international arbitration awards relying on illegally obtained digital evidence. In these cases, there could be a possible violation of domestic public policy under the New York Convention terms (art. V, 2, b). That is why the paper aims to offer the concept of digital evidence in international arbitration, including hacked and leaked evidence, criteria of its admissibility and relevance, and design the arbitration guidelines for assessing hacked and leaked evidence. Comparative legal analysis of the international arbitration rules and national procedure law allowed us to compare the regulatory approaches to the definition of digital evidence and its admissibility worldwide. The method of legal modeling allowed designing model guidelines for arbitral tribunals to evaluate the admissibility and relevance of digital evidence, including hacked and leaked evidence. Moreover, the case study method allowed us to analyze jurisprudence and define criteria for admission of hacked and leaked evidence. We conclude that the admissibility of hacked and leaked evidence depends solely on the arbitrator’s broad discretion to assess the evidence. Nevertheless, thorough evidence analysis and a well-reasoned award are always mandatory. (shrink)

Science aims to transform the subjectivity of individual observations and ideas into more objective and universal knowledge. Yet if there is any area in which first-person experience holds a particularly special and delicate role, it is the sciences of the mind. According to a widespread view, first-person methods were largely discarded from psychology after the fall of introspectionism a century ago and replaced by more objective behavioral measures, a step that some authors have begun to criticize. To examine whether these (...) views are sufficiently informed by actual scientific practice, we conducted a review of methodological approaches in the cognitive science literature. We found that reports of subjective experience are in fact still widely used in a broad variety of different experimental paradigms, both in studies that focus on subjective experience, and in those that make no explicit reference to it. Across these studies, we documented a diverse collection of approaches that leveraged first-person reports, ranging from button presses to unstructured interviews, while continuing to maximise experimental reproducibility. Common to these studies were subjects acting as sensors, intentionally communicating their experience to the experimenter, which we termed “second-person” methods. We conclude that, despite views to the contrary, first-person experience has always been and is still central to investigations of the mind even if it is not recognized as such. We suggest that the conversation ought to be reframed: instead of debating whether to accept subjects’ first-person knowledge we should discuss how best to do so. (shrink)