The place of religion in society has changed profoundly in the last few centuries, particularly in the West. In what will be a defining book for our time, Taylor takes up the question of what these changes mean, and what, precisely, happens when a society becomes one in which faith is only one human possibility among others.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused university education to transition from face-to-face contacts to virtual learning environments. Young adults were forced to live an entirely new life online, without valuable and enjoyable social interaction. We examined subjective perspectives towards life online during the pandemic. We identified four viewpoints about life mediated by computers. Two viewpoints express “struggling”: Viewpoint 1 (Angry, Depressed and Overwhelmed), and Viewpoint 3 (Restricted to and Overwhelmed by Virtuality). A third feeling-state conveys experiences of “surviving”: Viewpoint 4 (Isolated and (...) Powerless in Convenience). Surprisingly, Viewpoint 2 is about “thriving” (Comfortable and Convenient Routine with Computers). The research shows that virtualization, confinement, and anxiety are taking a toll on the mental health of some members of the younger generation, while at the same time other members feel they are thriving in a situation of limited resources, virtuality, and reduced face-to-face human interaction. (shrink)

Charles Beitz rejects two highly influential conceptions of international theory as empirically inaccurate and theoretically misleading. In one, international relations is a Hobbesian state of nature in which moral judgments are entirely inappropriate, and in the other, states are analogous to persons in domestic society in having rights of autonomy that insulate them from external moral assessment and political interference. Beitz postulates that a theory of international politics should include a revised principle of state autonomy based on the justice (...) of a state's domestic institutions, and a principle of international distributive justice to establish a fair division of resources and wealth among persons situated in diverse national societies. (shrink)

La Valeur inductive de la relativité est sans conteste l'ouvrage le plus méconnu de toute l'oeuvre «philosophique» de Gaston Bachelard. Au silence presque total, à l'absence de lectures, ne répondent que des interprétations du« premier genre», appuyées sur un certain ouï-dire discursif, mais qui font l'autorité des pseudo-standards. Les positions bachelardiennes sont ici confrontées à La Déduction relativiste d'Émile Meyerson. Le poids de l'analyse portera essentiellement sur un dépl(o)iement du dispositif bachelardien d'induction et de construction. L'appareillage « inductif » doit (...) être pensé sur le modèle électromagnétique, et la position «constructiviste» est toujours liée au travail de synthèse. Enfin, c'est une véritable métaphysique que semble dès lors devoir engendrer cette « pensée des sciences ». (shrink)

La question du rapport de la pensée bachelardienne à la mathématique contemporaine a longtemps été éludée au profit exclusif d'une interprétation fautive. Un Bachelard formé à la physique et à la chimie qui n'auraitjamais donné sa véritable place à l'étude mathématique est l'interprétation qui prédomine depuis le colloque de Cerisy (1974). Le logicien Roger Martin affinne qu'il existe un silence coupable autour du problème des fondements (problématique ensembliste, axiomatique et logicisme). À partir d'une analyse serrée des textes, cette étude renoue (...) avec une image beaucoup plus juste d'un Bachelard pour qui la mathématique n'est rien de moins que « le sur-moi de la science ». (shrink)

In October 1984, Bruno Huisman stated with regards to Jean Cavaillès, ‘Let us be honest, or at least realistic: today, one can be a professor of philosophy without ever having read a single line of Cavaillès. Often invoked, sometimes quoted, the oeuvre of Cavaillès is little attended for itself’ (Huisman 1984). As for Albert Lautman, it would seem that the situation is even more extreme. In 1994, the publisher Hermann, under the impetus of Bruno Huisman and George Canguilhem, collected almost (...) the totality of the Jean Cavaillès papers in one volume (Oeuvres complètes de philosophie des sciences (Cavaillès 1994)). But, the Essai sur l’unité des mathématiques et divers écrits (Lautman 1977), published by the Union générale d’Éditions in 1977, had all but disappeared by the early 1980s and yet was never republished! This will remain one of the great indignities of French publishing, for as Jean Petitot rightly affirms: ‘Regarded as too speculative, in spite of his exceptional mathematical scholarship and his close connection with Hilbertian axiomatic structuralism, his mathematical philosophy has, until now, been devoid of any particular attention …. We would like to state clearly from the start, Albert Lautman represents, in our view, without exaggeration, one of the most inspired philosophers of this century’ (Petitot 1987, 79-80). (shrink)

" "The Particulars of Rapture proposes treating affects in adverbial rather than in adjectival terms, emphasizing the way in which text and paintings shape ...

Stevens and the phenomenology of value : philosophical poetry and the demands of modernity -- Harmonium as a modernist text -- Ghostlier demarcations, keener sounds : the parts negation plays in developing a new poetic -- How Stevens uses the grammar of as -- Aspectual thinking -- Stevens' tragic mode : why the angel must disappear in Angel surrounded by paysans -- Aspect-seeing and its implications in The rock.

Updated, expanded, and with a new introduction by the editor, this volume is not only a historical overview but also a dialectical analysis displaying the ...

CONSIDERATIONS of public policy often focus on individual problematic situations in an ad hoc manner without discernment of their relations to each other, to the context within which they arose, or to the consequences that might ensue from alternative responses. Needed is a coherent set of clearly articulated principles which bring to political controversies of our time a unified perspective within which questions may be asked, discriminations made, relations perceived and priorities established. If a prime concern in seeking out such (...) principles is for the reformation of the republic so that it may be assured a healthy longevity, we should heed the counsel of Machiavelli's political realism urging us first to seek the revitalization of its originary principles. Insofar as a republic derives its ideational grounding from the developing Western tradition, we can do no better than begin by repairing to the fount of that tradition. Two key passages from Aristotle provide us with an appropriate point of departure. (shrink)

This paper deals with Lacan’s reading of The visible and the invisible in his seminal Les quatres concepts fundamentaux de la psychanalyse in order to study the terms in which he reconsiders the psychoanalytical conception of instinct or drive according to Merleau-Ponty’s analysis of the structure of sight.

Metaknowledge may not always facilitate acquisition of knowledge or performance of complex tasks. A pigeon, for example, depending on the task, can report what it is doing even if it cannot perform the task well, and it can fail to report what it is doing when it performs the task well (Shimp 1982; 1983).

The metaphor of “behavioral momentum” exemplifies modernism at its best and follows in the wake of countless other applications of Newtonian mechanics and “the machine metaphor” to virtually every aspect of the human condition. Modernism, however, has fallen on hard times. Some of the chief reasons why are implicit in the target article by Nevin & Grace.

As time passed, I discovered with surprise that the important role I assigned to literature was not recognized by everyone.iThis essay constitutes one aspect of an overall project to spell out the implications for the literary arts of Wittgenstein's systematic distinction between acts of description that carry truth values and acts of expression that display states of mind and feeling but do not describe them. My full case will require a book. That is good news for me but bad news (...) for the present reader, since I feel I have to offer a painfully brief version of my overall theoretical position as a backdrop for what I will say about appreciation. Expressions elicit or solicit attunement rather than propose .. (shrink)

Nous posons l'oeuvre d'Albert Lautman comme une sorte d'opérateur de brisure de symétrie dans le cadre de l'opposition traditionnelle de la philosophie spéculative et des sciences physico-mathématiques. L'enjeu pour la philosophie en est, à de très rares exceptions près, encore très mal perçu. Sur ce plan, nous reprenons la question du « platonisme » supposé de Lautman, et nous le confrontons à sa lecture fondamentale de Martin Heidegger. Les conséquences de cette inscription dans le sillon heideggérien sont fondamentales pour une (...) juste restitution de cette pensée et de cette philosophie dans ce qu'elles conservent de plus actuel. Sur l'autre versant, celui des percées lautmaniennes dans le champ de la physique mathématique, nous insistons sur l'extrême alacrité prospectiviste de son regard, sa puissance philosophique venant renforcer cette singulière sensibilité à ce qui fit l'essentiel des mathématiques et de la physique théorique de son temps. En ce sens, sa position occupe bel et bien l'un des points nodaux du site « surrationaliste ». (shrink)

A book on the problems of ethics from the perspective of language and meaning.

While aesthetic theory has managed for the most part to turn away from questions about beauty, it seems oddly bound to questions of truth. We find this most pronouncedly in the central place it gives to concerns for validity and defeasibility in the interpretation of art works. I propose our taking another tack—not because such questions are unimportant, and not because we in fact agree on any one specific version of how to judge or account for validity in interpretation. However, (...) the better we understand why a language of truth-functions cannot account for interpretive validity, the more it also becomes clear that we need to supplement our concerns for proper sense by processes of self-reflection on who we become as interpreters and how that activity may be directed to improve the quality of individual lives or modify our approaches to social issues. And the more the failure of our grand narratives leads us to speculate on the heterogeneity or incommensurability inescapable in a divided secular social world, the more we may need the tempering examples available from those cultural practices in which it remains possible to imagine successful communication among agents who may not need thereby to surrender their most treasured differences. (shrink)

This essay has two basic purposes: Historically it tries to elaborate what is deeply modernist and constructivist in a poet typically considered a brilliant and idiosyncratic figure whose work is sui generis. In order to accomplish that, the essay proposes a possibly original reading of basic general concerns of Modernism as aligning the entire movement with Hegel’s concept of “inner sensuousness” as the core of Romantic art, for Hegel, its most developed form. Analytically, the essay proposes that Hegel’s intellectual framework, (...) along with Moore’s poetry, can be still central to the culture wars because they afford a philosophical framework from which we can see the continuing importance of Modernist art to struggles against materialist accounts of mental life and the values of aesthetic contemplation. (shrink)