From the beginning of the xx century onwards, European art has gone through a remarkable mutation since Picasso shattered and chopped forms in painting through cubism, and Duchamp contemporaneously sabotaged the very idea of art with his invention of the ready made. Starting from an extensive consideration of this mutation, we tried and questioned the impact of the duchampean gesture and other subsequent artistic practices, by means of a frame of esthetic and philosophical reflection focused on the notions of art, (...) work of art, beauty, sublime, judgment of taste, spectator, ready made, and esthetic experience, inter alia. Also, our discussion questions the role of fiction in art, by means of an excerpt of a literary narration whose protagonists, a painter and his slave, seek, by the workings of drawing, to inscribe suffering and pardon at the heart of the creation act. We are thus led to think that whatever lies at the source of any interpretation of the [work of] art is an enigma and a conflict which cannot be seen through. (shrink)

From the beginning of the xx century onwards, European art has gone through a remarkable mutation since Picasso shattered and chopped forms in painting through cubism, and Duchamp contemporaneously sabotaged the very idea of art with his invention of the ready made. Starting from an extensive consideration of this mutation, we tried and questioned the impact of the duchampean gesture and other subsequent artistic practices, by means of a frame of esthetic and philosophical reflection focused on the notions of art, (...) work of art, beauty, sublime, judgment of taste, spectator, ready made, and esthetic experience, inter alia. Also, our discussion questions the role of fiction in art, by means of an excerpt of a literary narration whose protagonists, a painter and his slave, seek, by the workings of drawing, to inscribe suffering and pardon at the heart of the creation act. We are thus led to think that whatever lies at the source of any interpretation of the [work of] art is an enigma and a conflict which cannot be seen through. (shrink)

Appellate Court Modifications Extraction consists of, given an Appellate Court decision, identifying the proposed modifications by the upper Court of the lower Court judge’s decision. In this work, we propose a system to extract Appellate Court Modifications for Portuguese. Information extraction for legal texts has been previously addressed using different techniques and for several languages. Our proposal differs from previous work in two ways: our corpus is composed of Brazilian Appellate Court decisions, in which we look for a set of (...) modifications provided by the Court; and to automatically extract the modifications, we use a traditional Machine Learning approach and a Deep Learning approach, both as alternative solutions and as a combined solution. We tackle the Appellate Court Modifications Extraction task, experimenting with a wide variety of methods. In order to train and evaluate the system, we have built the KauaneJunior corpus, using public data disclosed by the Appellate State Court of Rio de Janeiro jurisprudence database. Our best method, which is a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network combined with Conditional Random Fields, obtained an \ score of 94.79%. (shrink)

Chronic migraine is a difficult disease to diagnose, and its pathophysiology remains undefined. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and daily living tasks of the affected person, leading to momentary disability. This is a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial study with female patients between 18 and 65 years old with chronic migraine. The patients underwent twelve mindfulness sessions paired with anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with current intensity of 2 mA applied for 20 (...) min, three times a week for 4 weeks. In addition, 20 min of mindfulness home practices were performed by guided meditation audio files. A total of 30 participants were evaluated after the treatment, and these were subdivided into two groups—active tDCS and sham tDCS, both set to mindfulness practice. The FFMQ-BR, MIDAS, and HIT-6 questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcomes. After the treatment, the active mindfulness and tDCS group showed better results in all outcomes. The sham group also showed improvements, but with smaller effect sizes compared to the active group. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was the outcome evaluated by HIT-6 in the post treatment result. Our results provide the first therapeutic evidence of mindfulness practices associated with left DLPFC anodal tDCS with a consequent increase in the level of full attention and analgesic benefits in the clinical symptoms of patients with chronic migraine. (shrink)

Rapid Automatized Naming is considered a universal marker of developmental dyslexia and could also be helpful to identify a reading deficit in minority-language children, in which it may be hard to disentangle whether the reading difficulties are due to a learning disorder or a lower proficiency in the language of instruction. We tested reading and rapid naming skills in monolingual Good Readers, monolingual Poor Readers, and MLC, by using our new version of RAN, the RAN-Shapes, in 127 primary school students. (...) In line with previous research, MLC showed, on average, lower reading performances as compared to mGR. However, the two groups performed similarly to the RAN-Shapes task. On the contrary, the mPR group underperformed both in the reading and the RAN tasks. Our findings suggest that reading difficulties and RAN performance can be dissociated in MLC; consequently, the performance at the RAN-Shapes may contribute to the identification of children at risk of a reading disorder without introducing any linguistic bias, when testing MLC. (shrink)

¿Cómo se forma un sujeto político? En la herencia más antigua de la interrogación filosófica esta pregunta busca recuperar una actitud de asombro suscitada por prácticas diversas de relación consigo y con los otros en las que personas comunes y corrientes ponen en cuestión experiencias sedimentadas sobre el cuerpo y el género, así como fronteras establecidas entre lo natural y lo artificial, lo humano y lo animal, lo común y lo propio. Los artículos aquí reunidos apuntan a mostrar que para (...) pensar estas formas de agencia política es preciso atender a una dimensión amplia de la estética que se refiere al modo en que la materialidad sensorial de la experiencia compartida se ha conformado históricamente y a cómo esta, dada su contingencia, puede reconfigurarse desde ciertas prácticas cotidianas: prácticas de elaboración de sí y de organización colectiva que crean otros escenarios y otras maneras de aparición de los cuerpos, y con esto estrategias de confrontación y antagonismo que atraviesan y afectan lo social. Así, ¿Cómo se forma un sujeto político? es un esfuerzo colectivo de franca resistencia contra la estrechez desde el cual se nos tiende a hacer pensar la política: bien sea desde una política consensual liberal que acaba por neutralizar las diferencias más intratables de nuestra pluralidad, bien sea desde el realismo de una política conflictual y guerrera que funciona desde la polaridad amigo-enemigo. El lector podrá explorar y profundizar, desde otro ángulo, las apuestas epistemológicas, éticas y políticas que resuenan en estas prácticas artísticas y de acción colectiva que nos enseñan hoy, más allá de los paradigmas del "ciudadano" o del "actor racional", cómo se hace un sujeto político. (shrink)

A Doutrina Espírita, codificada na França no século XIX, tem entre seus principais postulados a crença em um Deus único, na imortalidade da alma, na pluralidade dos mundos habitados, na comunicabilidade entre espíritos e na reencarnação. De leves pancadas a mesas girantes, nos salões parisienses, o fenômeno, nos primeiros momentos, era recebido com incredulidade ou frivolidade por aqueles que participavam das reuniões. Até o estudo realizado pelo pedagogo Hippolyte-Léon Denizard Rivail, não se imaginava que tais eventos sofressem ação direta (...) de Espíritos. O professor Rivail, sob o pseudônimo de Allan Kardec, foi o principal organizador, sistematizador e codificador da Doutrina Espírita. Orientado pelos Espíritos, publicou vários livros sobre o Espiritismo, entre eles O Livro dos Espíritos, que é alvo deste estudo. A codificação espírita surge em um período histórico em que o pensamento filosófico e científico encontravam-se profundamente influenciados por ideais do racionalismo e do positivismo, bem como pelo modelo evolucionista. A palavra evolução, tomada do fascínio que exercia no século XIX, devido à ideia de modernidade, é central para o espiritismo. O objetivo desta investigação está em pesquisar o sentido de evolução apresentado nas obras codificadas por Allan Kardec, em especial, no Livro dos Espíritos, e como esta compreensão pode contribuir para o diálogo inter-religioso. Parte da hipótese que, para a Doutrina Espírita, a evolução é central na vida do ser humano na medida em que possibilita modificações do comportamento humano. Evoluir implica num convite para sair de si para buscar o próximo. O pluralismo religioso desafia as pessoas e as religiões a viver a responsabilidade de entender o outro e suas crenças como um atributo de liberdade e de escolha. Neste horizonte de evolução, o diálogo inter-religioso torna-se princípio essencial para o avanço espiritual. Representa um incremento à nossa habilidade de escutar e compartilhar. O método de abordagem deste estudo foi o hipotético-dedutivo e da pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio da consulta de livros e textos psicografados. Por meio da codificação espírita, em especial, no Livro dos Espíritos, buscar-se-á, no sentido de evolução, um fator que pode favorecer um entendimento das alteridades e de cosmovisões religiosas, abrindo caminhos para variados diálogos. Por fim, pode afirmar que a codificação, por seu conteúdo universalista, pelo processo de regeneração moral do ser humano e de abertura às religiões, pode contribuir, com grandes ganhos, para construções de diálogos inter-religiosos. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é pensar a imagem do ateu nos verbetes “Ateu” e “Ateísmo” da Enciclopédia e neles traçar a possibilidade de entendermos as marcas do pensamento lockiano. Esses traços são fundamentais para compreendermos a forma pela qual houve uma mudança na imagem do ateu entre os séculos XVII na Inglaterra e o XVIII na França e como essa alteração vai contribuir positivamente para uma melhor acolhida do não crente no ceio da sociedade moderna. Para fornecer maior inteireza (...) ao texto, ele está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, investigaremos o perfil dos autores dos verbetes “Ateu” e “Ateísmo”; na segunda, examinaremos propriamente os dois verbetes da Enciclopédia e neles buscaremos detectar os ecos do pensamento político de Locke. (shrink)

En los escenarios universitarios cada vez resulta menos extraño toparse con investigaciones que indagan por la escritura filosófica proveniente de centros no hegemónicos de producción de conocimiento. Nosotros, que hemos tenido la oportunidad de acercarnos al pasado del ejercicio de la filosofía en el actual territorio colombiano, quisimos hacer una convocatoria pública de escritos dedicados a identificar temas, preguntas y formas en que la variopinta comunidad de la filosofía local está escribiendo su propia historia.

A descriptive-exploratory analysis of assurance practices is presented in this paper, by analysing the patterns of sustainability assurance reporting in two national contexts with different levels of assurance activity over a period of 11 years. The study is based on theoretical insights drawn from institutional sociology and normativity production. It is framed both in the Italian situation, where assurance statements consistently include a narrow set of formal and procedural communications, and in an unsettled situation in the U.S., where assurance activity (...) is more incipient, but where experimentation in substantial assurance disclosure practices has more room to develop. Its main implication is that the diffusion of sustainability assurance and the creation of sustainability assurance disclosure norms are not without its cost: information quality does not increase with patterned practice. The results also point towards the noteworthy role of specific professionals in the earlier and later stages of assurance practice norms. They reveal a significant influence of non-Big4 firms in the diffusion of sustainability assurance disclosure norms. In contrast, the Big4 firms appear to be positively associated with the narrowing down of the assurance focus to a selected subset of this activity in later stages of the development of the assurance norm. In this regard, this study provides insight into the circumstantial—but relevant—carrier role of the Big4 firms in determining what “assurance” means. (shrink)

Este artículo esboza una suerte de impresión diagnóstica de la figura del filósofo. Aunque esta tarea pueda convocar a otras ramas del conocimiento humano, no constituye un estudio psicológico de personalidad ni mucho menos la propuesta para una nueva nosología. Si bien para el tema resulta inevitable señalar el conjunto cualitativo de rasgos, tendencias afectivas y disposiciones corporales usualmente asociados al filósofo, el desarrollo procura apegarse al terreno propiamente filosófico y, al principio, arrancarlo desde una perspectiva literaria. Si se habla (...) de diagnosis, se hace en un sentido figurado más que clínico. Si se habla de especie, es desde la lógica aristotélica. Y para responder a la pregunta cómo es un filósofo, de entre todos sus exponentes, Nietzsche se erige como la principal guía, ya que fue él quien resumió con un adjetivo, de gran polivalencia metafórica, cómo es, cómo ha de ser, un filósofo: un intempestivo. (shrink)

Tradução inédita do texto Vauvenargues de Émile Bréhier (1876-1952). Este texto é o nono capítulo, do quarto livro da magistral Histoire de la philosophie de Bréhier, que vem recebendo diversas edições desde 1930.

El resultado más importante de la epistemología de Evandro Agazzi ha sido probablemente la elaboración de un concepto analógico de ciencia, en el sentido de que, después de haber caracterizado la ciencia como conocimiento objetivo y riguroso, ha mostrado que estas dos características se satisfacen de forma diferente según las condiciones epistémicas, ontológicas y pragmáticas del conocimiento, dando lugar a las diferentes ciencias, naturales, humanas o sociales. El presente artículo subraya el hecho de que cada ciencia se caracteriza entonces por (...) su propia forma de racionalidad y, por lo tanto, el mismo concepto de racionalidad científica tiene un significado analógico bajo las mismas condiciones. Además, la analogía concierne a la racionalidad en cuanto tal y por esta vía se evita el dogmatismo que pretende reconocer una única forma de racionalidad, así como el relativismo que desconoce cualquier forma de racionalidad. Como introducción a este análisis se ofrece una presentación de los elementos fundamentales de la doctrina de la analogía según la tradición clásica y sus concepciones actuales y luego se procede a aplicar dichos requisitos al caso de la racionalidad, llegando a precisar el concepto de racionalidad analógica. (shrink)

Texto de presentación para el monográfico _De São Paulo a Puebla: la izquierda iberoamericana entre el retorno y la transformación (1990-2024)._.

The original article was published without open access and with the copyright notice indicating © Springer Nature B.V. The article is now open access with the copyright residing with the authors.

Resumen:Con el objetivo de pensar lo político y su “conflicto originario” (19) –tema que viene inquietando a Juan Pablo Arancibia desde hace tiempo–, la recuperación de dos nociones griegas permite penetrar en una relación que vendría a desestabilizar o a incomodar nuestro presente “tornando insuficientes –dice– aquellas respuestas normativas provistas por la tradición” (19), en particular –agrega– aquella “confortable representación de la historia del orden y su porvenir” (21).

Este livro é uma das obras que inauguram os estudos semânticos enunciativos no Brasil. Os artigos nele reunidos além de ajudarem a pensar como as ciências da linguagem se colocam no conjunto das discussões científicas e filosóficas, desenvolvem, a partir dos desdobramentos do estruturalismo ducrotiano, análises precisas, e reflexões teórico-metodológicas em torno da argumentação; das relações entre língua e poder, entre linguagem e cultura.

Resumen:En el marco de su filosofía de la moneda Locke desarrolla un concepto de ésta como algo que pertenece a la naturaleza de las cosas, pero cuyo valor debe promulgarse políticamente una sola vez y para siempre. A su juicio la moneda es el oro o la plata, y su ordenamiento está dictado por el orden de la razón natural, lo que obliga a los hombres a erigir su institución respetando esta norma natural de las cosas con la actitud de (...) una promesa inquebrantable. Más allá de la fijación que ordena el valor de la moneda a la naturaleza intrínseca del buen orden social, la intervención estatal en la creación y gestión de la moneda es juzgada en cambio como esencialmente perniciosa. El presente artículo estudia la función que cumple este peculiar concepto de la moneda en cuanto antecedente temprano del mito liberal de la economía como una supuesta disciplina científica cuyo objeto epistémico sería el mercado, entendido éste análogamente, bajo el influjo de las ideas deístas del siglo XVIII, como un producto del orden espontáneo y virtuoso de la sociedad.Palabras clave: Locke; moneda; liberalismo; marginalismo; patrón oro. (shrink)

A lo largo de la historia, la filosofía ha situado gran parte del foco de su quehacer en el constructo intelectual de sistemas de pensamiento que profundizaran en el análisis del mundo. Si embargo, existe una tendencia marginal, dentro de la tradición filosófica, que apuesta por acercarse a la filosofía como una disciplina práctica. En este artículo trataremos de focalizar la investigación en dos pensadores, separados por más de dos mil años, que apostaron por situar la praxis en el epicentro (...) de la filosofía: Pirrón de Élide y Matthew Lipman. El primero dio lugar a un escepticismo donde la ejemplaridad del acto configuraba la doctrina. El segundo, Matthew Lipman, diseñó una metodología de filosofía para niños que ensalza la praxis comunitaria como eje desde el que fundamentar el aprendizaje de la filosofía. Cada uno, desde diferentes planos, el individual por parte de Pirrón y el colectivo en el caso de Lipman, han sido esenciales para poner el valor el sentido práctico de la filosofía. Palabras clave: Práctica; Praxis; Filosofía; Lipman; Pirrón. (shrink)

Este texto tiene como fin analizar el capítulo X de la Estructura de las revoluciones científicas (ERC) de Thomas Kuhn, especialmente su consideración de las Revoluciones como cambios de la visión del mundo (world view). Más que ahondar en cuestiones exegéticas, intentaré: a) explicitar las líneas generales del cambio de paradigma y del cambio de la visión del mundo; b) ubicar las reflexiones en el contexto de la tesis de la inconmensurabilidad; c) identificar las amenazas que podría comportar el planteamiento (...) kuhniano para el Realismo científico; y d) esbozaré algunos modos para escapar de ellas. (shrink)

Je rappelle ici l’une des plus constantes préoccupations de la pensée de Jean-Luc Nancy : celle du destin d’un Occident qui, au moment même où il paraît accomplir son élargissement au monde entier, est amené à faire, de plus en plus, le constat de son propre effacement, de son déclin, ou de sa finitude. Je le fais tout en déplaçant quelque peu le point de vue d’où le problème se pose « normalement » car, comme c’est arrivé maintes fois dans (...) mes échanges avec Nancy lui-même, j’y fais jouer mon écart, ou mon arrabal hispanique. (shrink)

Resumo: A percepção envolve muitos enigmas, nem sempre parecendo estar assegurada a unidade entre seu conteúdo e sua forma. Exemplificam tais enigmas as ilusões óticas, o célebre problema de Molyneux e também, como aqui nos interessa, o problema da expressão das cores em modelos cromáticos, que expressam incompatibilidades lógicas, mas se referem ao próprio território da experiência com cores e pigmentos. Neste nosso texto, distinguiremos dois usos do Farbenoktaeder por Wittgenstein, registrando a diferença, que julgamos relevante, entre a incompatibilidade ampla (...) e a incompatibilidade restrita entre cores. (shrink)

Primeramente, haremos un repaso por la noción de diálogo, relación o encuentro en las artes y el pensamiento que se desarrollan durante los años sesenta del pasado siglo y fuertemente a partir del episodio de revueltas del 68. Sostenemos que en las artes, lo dialógico representó una estrategia política por partida doble: la conversación y el encuentro eran tanto un vector de ruptura con los modos de apreciar y vivir lo sensible y de entender el hecho artístico, como un procedimiento (...) para someter el individualismo y construir una presencia corporal y común considerada perdida y/o necesaria. Seguidamente veremos en qué sentido el diálogo se presenta como una de las claves de la filosofía política actual preocupada por combatir al sujeto individualista e hiperproductivo que propugna el neoliberalismo. Finalmente, trataremos de llevar a efecto esta invitación a dialogar. Así, la última sección de este escrito tomará la forma de una conversación entre nosotros, para interrogarnos juntos sobre algunas de las cuestiones anteriormente esbozadas. (shrink)

O presente artigo se debruça sobre a temática da Psicologia e a Educação. O recorte do tema reflete a necessidade da ação da psicologia no ambiente escolar. O estudo se constitui uma breve análise quanto aos enfrentamentos à saúde mental dos estudantes na etapa da infância. De cunho qualitativo e de natureza básica, este é excerto de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando-se de referências que conversam com a temática abordada. Busca-se entender: De que modo o psicólogo escolar pode auxiliar as crianças que (...) se encontram em depressão? Como identificar a depressão infantil no contexto escolar? Nesse sentido, busca-se compreender as ações do psicólogo escolar, em confronto com os problemas da depressão infantil. Do estudo foi possível perceber que: existe a depressão infantil e esta forma as lacunas nas aprendizagens das crianças; torna-se evidente a necessidade de manter o diálogo entre a escola e a família buscando sanar os efeitos da depressão infantil; a presença e a ação do psicólogo escolar, no ambiente da Educação, poderá se constituir uma medida preventiva que promova uma infância sadia e mais cidadã; o psicólogo escolar nos processos de intervenção precisa ressaltar a reflexão crítica, democrática e humanizadora dos sujeitos. (shrink)

El suroriente de la península de Yucatán se transformó de ser un territorio de emancipación para los mayas en el siglo XVII en una región disputada por los imperios británico y español durante el XVIII. En este conflicto, destaca el papel de los mayas como actores históricos.

Reductionism has dominated science and philosophy for centuries. Complexity has recently shown that interactions—which reductionism neglects—are relevant for understanding phenomena. When interactions are considered, reductionism becomes limited in several aspects. In this paper, I argue that interactions imply nonreductionism, non-materialism, non-predictability, non-Platonism, and non-Nihilism. As alternatives to each of these, holism, informism, adaptation, contextuality, and meaningfulness are put forward, respectively. A worldview that includes interactions not only describes better our world, but can help to solve many open scientific, philosophical, and (...) social problems caused by implications of reductionism. (shrink)

We report three experimental studies of reasoning with double conditionals, i.e. problems based on premises of the form: If A then B. If B then C. where A, B, and C, describe everyday events. We manipulated both the logical structure of the problems, using all four possible arrangements (or “figures” of their constituents, A, B, and C, and the believability of the two salient conditional conclusions that might follow from them, i.e. If A then C, or If C then A. (...) The experiments showed that with figures for which there was a valid conclusion, the participants more often, and more rapidly, drew the valid conclusion when it was believable than when it was unbelievable. With figures for which there were no valid conclusions, the participants tended to draw whichever of the two conclusions was believable. These results were predicted by the theory that reasoning depends on constructing mental models of the premises. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: Seven Poems NICOLAS CALAS (Translated by Avi Sharon) hellenizing surrealism: a greek door to europe Nicolas calas (Kalamares) may be considered merely a minor Greek poet, but he had a major global persona and influence. In the middle of the last century he played a catalyzing role in the international avant garde: He was a Zelig-like polemicist in three languages (Greek, French, and English) and across three cultural (...) capitals (Athens, Paris, and New York). But he always fought on a singular front: surrealism. Born in Lausanne in 1907, he grew up in Athens and by the later 1920s began to stand out in literary circles (he was over 6' 4") for his modernist if not revolutionary views. Starting from an interest in Freud and Marx, the subconscious and the revolutionary, Calas soon arrived at their natural synthesis—surrealism. Around the time when a distinctly Greek form of surrealist poetry emerged, with the 1935 publication of “Blast Furnace” by Andreas Embiricos, Calas was on his way to becoming its unofficial spokesman. He moved to the epicenter of the movement in Paris and with the 1938 publication of Foyers d’Incendie became the “most lucid and audacious” of founder André Breton’s acolytes, both prophet and demagogue of the group. Carried along in the current of European artists and thinkers leaving Europe for New York, he would continue the fight on the western wing of the faction (literally, coming to blows at a cocktail party with Clement Greenberg, representing the opposing Abstract Expressionist side). In 1942 he published another clarion pamphlet, Confound the Wise, giving the movement voice in English and befriending its most visible local supporters and practitioners, from Peggy Guggenheim to Marcel Duchamp. arion 27.1 spring/summer 2019 The Wyndham Lewis of the operation, Calas was a cross-border catalyst, evangelizing the role of surrealism as a liberating and generative force in modern literature and art. For him and other writers and poets, the weapon that would most effectively derange the reader’s habitual conformism into revelatory and revolutionary perception was the surrealist image, poetry’s lingua franca. For Greek practitioners it was completely natural for that magical representation to arise out of their god-infested, sun-filled landscape. Here they had a force that was both blinding and enlightening, penetrating and transformative, local and universal. For Calas, the primary echo or reflection of that essential image was the island of Santorini, referenced in several of the translations here (and reminiscent of his fellow national Nikos Gatsos’s use of the island of Amorgos in a similar context). It stood as the very symbol of fiery transformation, an image monstrous enough to shock the reader into a super-rational embrace of its own form of logic. This Hellenization of surrealism, like the Hellenization of modernism itself, was to become an important, transformative power in its own right. For many, the origin (and likewise, for many, the enclosing border ) of surrealism was France. “But it is French. It is their invention,” was how William Carlos Williams saw it, to his chagrin. Williams was convinced that the objective concentration on the image itself (“no ideas but in things”) could offer a salutary corrective to American poetry of his time. “It is the surrealists who have invented the living defense of literature,” he wrote in a 1929 essay. But for a poet so at one with the American Grain to be reconciled with surrealism’s ‘Francite’ he needed some way to cross the divide. His admiration for Calas’s work in clarifying and promoting the group’s ideas enabled the Greek poet to serve as a mediator, to allow the creative transference of its rebellious wisdom into Williams’s poetry. To borrow the title of one of his early American essays, Calas provided Williams a “Greek door to Europe.” In translating four of Calas’s French poems into English, published in 1941 with a frontispiece by the surrealist painter and magician Kurt Seligman, Williams leveraged Calas as the vehicle through which the “enabling foreignness” of surrealism could be grafted into the grain of his American modernist work, just as he set out on his magnum opus, Paterson. In a similar way... (shrink)

ABSTRACT The article, of essayistic-bibliographic character, seeks to reflect on the uses, powers and meanings of the term Aesthetic Education in scientific research, starting, firstly, from approaches on the concept of aesthetics from the texts The Problem of Content, Material and Form in Literary Creation, by Mikhail Bakhtin and Malaise dans l’ésthetique, by Jacques Rancière, to then mobilize, from a Latin American perspective, its relations with the field of education in dialogue with Latin American authors. The text is constituted as (...) a theoretical-methodological exercise to think the Aesthetic Education from angles and prisms still little investigated in the current literature on the subject. (shrink)

According to both contemporary intuitions and scholarly opinion, autonomy is something specifically modern. It is certainly taken to be incompatible with religions like Islam and Judaism, if these are invested with political power. Both religions are seen as centered on a divine Law (sharî'a, viz., torah) which prescribes what we may and may not do, promising reward for obedience and threatening punishment for disobedience. Not we, but God makes the rules. This picture is in important ways misleading. There is, I (...) argue, a substantive intellectual tradition, going back to Plato's Laws, which takes the purpose of a theocracy—a community governed by God through the intermediary of a divine Law—to be promoting rational autonomy, conceived as (1) the ability to rationally determine what is in one's best interest and (2) having the motivation to live accordingly.Among the most important representatives of this intellectual tradition are medieval Muslim and Jewish philosophers. (shrink)

Many pagan, Jewish, Christian and Muslim philosophers from Antiquity to the Enlightenment made no meaningful distinction between philosophy and religion. Instead they advocated a philosophical religion, arguing that God is Reason and that the historical forms of a religious tradition serve as philosophy's handmaid to promote the life of reason among non-philosophers. Carlos Fraenkel provides the first account of this concept and traces its history back to Plato. He shows how Jews and Christians appropriated it in Antiquity, follows it (...) through the Middle Ages in both Islamic and Jewish forms and argues that it underlies Spinoza's interpretation of Christianity. The main challenge to a philosophical religion comes from the modern view that all human beings are equally able to order their lives rationally and hence need no guidance from religion. Fraenkel's wide-ranging book will appeal to anyone interested in how philosophy has interacted with Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious traditions. (shrink)

The σ profile is presented as a tool to analyze the organization of systems at different scales, and how this organization changes in time. Describing structures at different scales as goal‐oriented agents, one can define σ ∈ [0,1] (satisfaction) as the degree to which the goals of each agent at each scale have been met. σ reflects the organization degree at that scale. The σ profile of a system shows the satisfaction at different scales, with the possibility to study their (...) dependencies and evolution. It can also be used to extend game theoretic models. The description of a general tendency on the evolution of complexity and cooperation naturally follows from the σ profile. Experiments on a virtual ecosystem are used as illustration. (shrink)

Previous research has demonstrated that ratings of the perceived pleasantness and quality of odors can be modulated by auditory stimuli presented at around the same time. Here, we extend these results by assessing whether the hedonic congruence between odor and sound stimuli can modulate the perception of odor intensity, pleasantness, and quality in untrained participants. Unexpectedly, our results reveal that broadband white noise, which was rated as unpleasant in a follow-up experiment, actually had a more pronounced effect on participants’ odor (...) ratings than either the consonant or dissonant musical selections. In particular, participants rated the six smells used as being less pleasant and less sweet when they happened to be listening to white noise, as compared to any one of the other music conditions. What is more, these results also add evidence to support the existence of a close relationship between an odor’s hedonic character and the perception of odor quality. So, for example, independent of the sound condition, pleasant odors were rated as sweeter, less dry, and brighter than the unpleasant odors. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the understanding of crossmodal correspondences between olfactory and auditory stimuli. (shrink)