ABSTRACTAnxiety and depression diagnoses are associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours. However, a categorical understanding of these associations limits insight into identifying dimensional mechanisms of suicide risk. This study investigated anxious and depressive features through a lens of suicide risk, independent of diagnosis. Latent class analysis of 97 depression, anxiety, and suicidality-related items among 616 psychiatric outpatients indicated a 3-class solution, specifically: a higher suicide-risk class uniquely differentiated from both other classes by high reported levels of depression and anxious arousal; (...) a lower suicide-risk class that reported levels of anxiety sensitivity and generalised worry comparable to Class 1, but lower levels of depression and anxious arousal; and a low to non-suicidal class that reported relatively low levels across all depression and anxiety measures. Discriminants of the higher suicide-risk class included borderline personality disorder; report... (shrink)

Biology and politics have always been permeable to one another, trading metaphors back and forth. This is nowhere more blatant than when people claim to talk about ‘the planet’ as a whole. James Lovelock’s concept of Gaia has often been interpreted as a godlike figure. By reviewing in some detail a critical assessment of Lovelock’s Gaia by one scientist, Toby Tyrrell, the paper tries to map out why it is so difficult for natural as well as social scientists not to (...) confuse Gaia with some sort of Providence. (shrink)

Republicanism is a powerful resource for emancipatory struggles against domination. Its commitment to popular sovereignty subverts justifications of authority, locating power in the hands of the citizenry who hold the capacity to create, transform, and maintain their political institutions. Republicanism's conception of freedom rejects social, political, and economic structures subordinating citizens to any uncontrolled power - from capitalism and wage-labour to patriarchy and imperialism. It views any such domination as inimical to republican freedom. Moreover, it combines a revolutionary commitment to (...) overturning despotic and tyrannical regimes with the creation of political and economic institutions that realise the sovereignty of all citizens, institutions that are resilient to threats of oligarchical control. This volume is dedicated to retrieving and developing this radical potential, challenging the more conventional moderate conceptions of republicanism. It brings together scholars at the forefront of tracing this radical heritage of the republican tradition, and developing arguments, texts, and practices into a critical and emancipatory body of political and social thought. The volume spans historical discussions of the English Levellers, French and Ottoman revolutionaries, and American abolitionists and trade unionists; explorations of the radical republican aspects of the thought of Machiavelli, Marx, and Rousseau; and theoretical examinations of social domination and popular constitutionalism. It will appeal to political theorists, historians of political thought, and political activists interested in how republicanism provides a robust and successful radical transformation to existing social and political orders. (shrink)

Since the project on Modes of Existence has been long in coming and has connection with all the successive field works done by the author, the paper tries to retrace the main steps that have led to the project. It shows that this project precedes the work done in actor-network theory and explains the link between philosophy and anthropology through the peculiar notion of mode of existence.

To become aware of the depth of the ecological mutation, one has to criticize the notion of abstract space. It turns out that, in many of his works, Carl Schmitt has found ways to politicize the production of neutral depoliticized space. This is especially true in “Dialogue on New Space.” The dialogue summarizes Schmitt’s earlier works, but it also tries to relate, audaciously, the character of being human with the different conceptions of space entertained by each protagonist of the dialogue. (...) Especially important in the plot is the interpretation of the expression of “unencumbered technology” that Schmitt associates with the destiny of liberalism and the sort of spatial domination ad infinitum that it implies. The final point of the dialogue is that you cannot be really human in the wrong space. The article does not pretend to make Schmitt a thinker of ecology but to extract from his highly peculiar critique of space something that could be useful to help criticize a depoliticized notion of green space. (shrink)

In this article, we present a few lessons we learnt in the establishment of the Sciences Po médialab. As an interdisciplinary laboratory associating social scientists, code developers and information designers, the médialab is not one of a kind. In the last years, several of such initiatives have been established around the world to harness the potential of digital technologies for the study of collective life. If we narrate this particular story, it is because, having lived it from the inside, we (...) can provide an intimate account of the surprises and displacements of digital research. Founding the médialab in 2009, we knew that we were leaving the reassuring traditions of social sciences to venture in the unexplored territory of digital inscriptions. What we couldn't foresee was how much such encounter would change our research. Buying into gospel of Big Data, we imagined that the main novelty of digital research came from handling larger amounts of data. We soon realized that the interest of digital inscriptions comes instead from their proliferating diversity. Such diversity encouraged us to reshape our professional alliances, research practices and theoretical perspectives. It also led us to overcome several of the oppositions that used to characterize social sciences and to move in the direction of a more continuous sociology. (shrink)

Recent events and popularized stereotypes call into question the ethics of salesperson behaviors. Although prior research demonstrates that salespeople’s emotional exhaustion can have negative consequences for several job outcomes, little is known about the factors that can mitigate such relationships—particularly the relationship between emotional exhaustion and ethical behavior. To remedy this knowledge gap, we draw from self-control theory to propose a novel theoretical framework and develop hypotheses. These hypotheses are tested on a unique dataset consisting of survey data collected from (...) 123 matched business-to-business salesperson–manager dyads. The findings reveal that emotional exhaustion is negatively associated with sales performance, emotional exhaustion is negatively associated with ethical behaviors, ethical behaviors are positively associated with sales performance, ethical behaviors mediate emotional exhaustion’s negative effect on sales performance, perceived supervisor support attenuates the negative association between emotional exhaustion and ethical behaviors, and contrary to expectations, grit strengthens the negative association between emotional exhaustion and ethical behaviors. As we show here, perceived supervisor support may attenuate the undesirable effects of emotional exhaustion on ethical behaviors and sales performance. The article’s broader contribution thus lies in its suggestion that managers pay special attention to these factors. Moreover, factors such as grit can have unexpected and undesirable influences; therefore, we draw attention to the importance of scrutinizing these interactions, even when the factors involved are almost universally touted as beneficial. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed. (shrink)

What has happened to the project of ‘symmetrical anthropology’ in the last twenty years? What difference does it make to consider a multiplicity of cultures over the background of a unified nature, or a multiplicity of natures in addition to a multiplicity of cultures? In which way does it open up another type of scientific anthropology, no longer based on comparison but on ‘diplomacy’? Can modernity, as an interpretation of the former West, be recalled? Translated by Stephen Muecke.

"Chronicles crucial period in recent Northeast history when Tasso Ribeiro Jereissati was in his first term as governor of Ceara and Ciro Ferreira Gomes was elected mayor of Fortaleza. Purely descriptive, yet valuable as a record of the popular administration that turned Ceara away from traditional clientelistic politics"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.

La distinction entre pouvoir et autorité, couramment admise et illustrée en sciences sociales, est plus rarement interrogée dans ses présupposés. En particulier, de quelle vision culturelle une telle distinction est-elle l’expression? À partir de la réflexion de Peterson sur la nature et le statut de la théologie, cet essai se propose d’éclairer la forme chrétienne d’une parole d’autorité, d’en dégager la structure générale et les implications en termes de conduite de vie. Il se concentre sur la définition de la dogmatique (...) chrétienne. À partir de ce point, une frontière précise peut être tracée entre politique et religion. Mais c’est sous la seule condition qu’un espace juridique se détermine dans la seconde comme lieu de formation de jugements théologiques. Ces considérations permettent de revenir sur le débat entre Schmitt et Peterson du point de vue, non de la possibilité ou de l’impossibilité d’une théologie politique chrétienne comme on le fait d’ordinaire, mais du point de vue de la facture juridique des concepts théologiques. (shrink)

Résumé Placée sous le signe d’une restauration de la science politique pour l’époque moderne, la pensée de Voegelin tourne autour du concept de représentation, dont elle renouvelle complètement le sens en le reconduisant aux conditions d’existence d’une société politique. On peut estimer que la confrontation avec la théorie hobbesienne de la personne civile en est l’épicentre. Cet essai s’efforce de restituer cette confrontation, en faisant ressortir l’ambivalence sur laquelle elle repose : le double visage de Hobbes, jugé d’un côté responsable (...) de la théorie abstraite de la représentation qui triomphe depuis le xvii e siècle, de l’autre résistant héroïque au déclin spirituel de la modernité, s’efforçant de forger un nouveau corpus mysticum dans un contexte où l’institution ecclésiale ne joue plus le rôle de garant. Plus radicalement, à travers la lecture voegelinienne de Hobbes, c’est le sens de ce que le christianisme fait subir à l’ épistémé politiké classique qui est soumis à l’examen. En reconstituant cette lecture, on fait apparaître pour finir les difficultés sur lesquelles Voegelin vient buter, dans la tâche restauratrice qu’il assigne à la pensée moderne tout entière. (shrink)

Cet essai analyse le sens que donne Leo Strauss à l’argument de l’élection des juifs, et tente à partir de là de comprendre sa position à l’égard des différentes options qui s’offrent aux juifs modernes (le retour à la tradition, l’assimilation, le sionisme politique). Le sens politique que Strauss confère à l’élection dans son diagnostic de la modernité et de la place que les juifs y occupent n’exclut pas, mais au contraire éclaire d’une manière nouvelle l’acception théologique du terme. Ce (...) sens s’éclaire par la reprise de la formule talmudique « Si je ne me bats pas pour moi, que suis-je? ». La question finale est alors de savoir quelle signification peut revêtir cette formule dès lors que le juif moderne se voue à la philosophie. (shrink)

One might think that the problem of the subject has been exhausted by the debate that has taken place between post-Kantians and structuralists over the past several decades. In fact, this is true enough—at least if one considers the preferred arguments, the speculative arsenal, that has been mobilized by both positions in this debate. Still, it is now widely claimed, in France and elsewhere, that this debate had been overly theoretical, leaving the real problems of contemporary society quite untouched. With (...) the works Alain Ehrenberg and Pierre-Henri Castel have devoted over the past 10 years to transformations in the self-understanding and psychopathological structures of individuals, the question of the subject.. (shrink)

Like Frege and unlike Kant, Peirce claims that mathematics is essentially deductive. And like Frege (as well as the algebraists following Boole), Peirce develops formal languages which express the formal content of statements so as to make it possible to carefully check deductive inferences between them. However, like Kant and unlike Frege, Peirce intends to account for the “synthetic”, i. e. informative and non-trivial, character of most mathematical statements as well as of the inferential links between them. Even more, Peirce, (...) like Kant, pays great attention to the semiotic role played by the construction and transformation of diagrams in the justification of these inferences and of these statements. On this point, Peirce clearly intends to extend and develop the Kantian theory of schematism. (shrink)

The text describes the specific mode of existence and operation of Law, which is not determined by external social factors, nor is its autonomy that of a subsystem. Its deliberate super ciality achieves a particular form of cohesion: Its form of enunciation connects utterances and actions in such a way that they can be assigned unambiguously to a single speaker and actor. This is the undisrupted thread which binds men, goods, locations, time, resolutions, etc.

James Lovelock n'a pas eu de chance avec l'hypothèse Gaïa. En nommant par ce vieux mythe grec le système fragile et complexe par lequel les phénomènes vivants modifient la Terre, on a cru qu'il parlait d'un organisme unique, d'un thermostat géant, voire d'une Providence divine. Rien n'était plus éloigné de sa tentative. Gaïa n'est pas le Globe, n'est pas la Terre-Mère, n'est pas une déesse païenne, mais elle n'est pas non plus la Nature, telle qu'on l'imagine depuis le XVIIe siècle, (...) cette Nature qui sert de pendant à la subjectivité humaine. La Nature constituait l'arrière-plan de nos actions. Or, à cause des effets imprévus de l'histoire humaine, ce que nous regroupions sous le nom de Nature quitte l'arrière-plan et monte sur scène. L'air, les océans, les glaciers, le climat, les sols, tout ce que nous avons rendu instable, interagit avec nous. Nous sommes entrés dans la géohistoire. C'est l'époque de l'Anthropocène. Avec le risque d'une guerre de tous contre tous. L'ancienne Nature disparaît et laisse la place à un être dont il est difficile de prévoir les manifestations. Cet être, loin d'être stable et rassurant, semble constitué d'un ensemble de boucles de rétroactions en perpétuel bouleversement. Gaïa est le nom qui lui convient le mieux. En explorant les mille figures de Gaïa, on peut déplier tout ce que la notion de Nature avait confondu : une éthique, une politique, une étrange conception des sciences et, surtout, une économie et même une théologie. (shrink)

Textes comme images laissent penser que la plupart des repas médiévaux faisaient coexister hommes et femmes. Mais de quelle manière? Le traitement par les enlumineurs de trois motifs iconographiques tirés de la Bible, qui n’impliquent pas toujours cette coexistence des sexes – le festin d’Assuérus, le repas des enfants de Job et le banquet de Balthasar –, révèle la banalité d’une mixité dont les modalités d’organisation se révèlent très souples. Les plans de table des banquets de la cour de Bourgogne (...) confirment l’imbrication des mangeurs et des mangeuses mais suggèrent que leur disposition répond à des considérations politiques et familiales plus qu’au souci de l’alternance des sexes. (shrink)

A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, Emmanuel Kant pouvait encore voir dans les mathématiques le modèle même des jugements synthétiques a priori, c'est-à-dire dotés d'un contenu intuitif propre quoique non dérivé de l'expérience sensible. Des géométries non-euclidiennes à la théorie des transfinis de Cantor, les mathématiques du XIXe siècle vont cependant faire triompher des systèmes mathématiques résolument déductifs et non plus intuitifs. Sur fond d'interrogations quant à la légitimité de ces développements récents, interrogations renforcées par la découverte de paradoxes, d'âpres (...) débats vont alors opposer différentes écoles quant aux méthodes de preuve acceptables ainsi que quant à ce qui constitue le fondement même du savoir mathématique. Logicisme, formalisme et intuitionnisme ; ce sont, à l'époque, pas moins de trois conceptions des mathématiques (et trois programmes pour les mathématiques) qui s'affrontent, conceptions auxquelles il faut ajouter le psychologisme, qui se nourrit de l'essor des sciences humaines et de leurs prétentions épistémologiques. En collant au plus près des textes des principaux protagonistes, l'ouvrage présente de manière tout à la fois synthétique et précise les différentes positions en présence, en soulignant autant que possible leurs divergences, mais en montrant aussi les variations et inflexions qui ont marqué leur développement durant la période 1870-1930. (shrink)