El reino de la libertaden la tradición materialista pasa por la liberación del trabajo a través de la reapropiación de las condiciones de existencia y, principalmente, de la tecnología como medio de proporcionar un ocioque nada tenga ya que ver con la pereza y el abandono y mucho con la actividad en libertad. Pues ya que el capitalismo se fundamenta en la negación del ocio resulta necesaria su consecución ahora que vivimos en una sociedad en la que nunca había habido (...) tantas posibilidades de liberación del trabajo y, a la vez, nunca se había trabajado tanto. (shrink)

The realm of freedom in materialist tradition depends on the liberation of work through the reappropriation of the means and conditions of life. The appropriation of technology is especially important. Indeed, it is a means to provide a leisurethat has nothing to do with laziness and indulgence and has much to do with activity in freedom. Since capitalism is based on the denial of leisure, it is all the more necessary to obtain leisure now that we live in a society (...) where there never had been so many chances of liberation from work and, at the same time, people never had worked so much. (shrink)

Partimos de dos modelos generales del quehacer filosofico, para presentar, a la vez, un trabajo a destiempo que desglosa en varias secciones los pasajes hacia la unidad de lo que venimos a denominar como pensamiento posthumanista. Por tanto, la estructura de este libro y las proposiciones mismas que se defienden en el tiene y tienen una forma fractal, como las munecas rusas, esto es, una forma en la que se reitera y explora en diferentes niveles de emergencia problemas analogos. Simon (...) Royo Hernandez (Madrid, 1967) es profesor TAR en la Universidad Nacional de Educacion a distancia (UNED) donde ha sido tambien profesor tutor de la asignatura Historia de la Filosofia antigua en el Grado de Filosofia. Ha sido profesor de Educacion Secundaria y actualmente simultanea su labor en la UNED con la de Ayudante de Servicios Generales del Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo. Entre sus numerosas publicaciones cabe destacar: -"Nietzsche and Unamuno: The Meaning of the Earth." New Nietzsche Studies. Nietzsche"s Ecology & Kant, Neokantianism, Nietzsche. Volume 5:1/2 Spring/Summer 2002, pp.42-56. New York, USA. (shrink)

The Creative Citizenship project was founded to promote critical, ethical, and creative thinking in early childhood, and to recognize and encourage children as social actors and peacebuilders. In concert with the methodology of North American philosopher Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children (P4C), Creative Citizenship seeks to promote in children the ability to think critically, ethically, and creatively in and from their own realities, and to exercise multidimensional thinking skills in the various areas of their daily lives. The research documented here (...) adopted a qualitative approach in so far as it sought to inquire about the character of those relationships, particularly among boys and girls, that promote their identity as social agents. As such, it examined training processes and generated theoretical perspectives in the interest of promoting social transformation through the empowerment of multidimensional thinking. The article begins with a review of the concept of Creative Citizenship and ends with that of Peacebuilding. Three theoretical categories have been applied in order to situate the inquiry within the framework of the realities of childhood, and to chart the pedagogical interventions by adults that occurred throughout the implementation of the project. The first focuses on the development of children’s thinking per se, the second on children's capacities for creative problem-solving in social environments, and the third on the concept of peacebuilding as a commitment to practicing philosophical dialogue among children, which is understood as a form of discourse that builds the capacities of citizens to undertake individual and collective actions that allow them, in turn, to create and re-create scenarios of peaceful coexistence. (shrink)

The objectives of this study were to develop a high-density chromosome bin map of homoeologous group 7 in hexaploid wheat, to identify gene distribution in these chromosomes, and to perform comparative studies of wheat with rice and barley. We mapped 2148 loci from 919 EST clones onto group 7 chromosomes of wheat. In the majority of cases the numbers of loci were significantly lower in the centromeric regions and tended to increase in the distal regions. The level of duplicated loci (...) in this group was 24% with most of these loci being localized toward the distal regions. One hundred nineteen EST probes that hybridized to three fragments and mapped to the three group 7 chromosomes were designated landmark probes and were used to construct a consensus homoeologous group 7 map. An additional 49 probes that mapped to 7AS, 7DS, and the ancestral translocated segment involving 7BS also were designated landmarks. Landmark probe orders and comparative maps of wheat, rice, and barley were produced on the basis of corresponding rice BAC/PAC and genetic markers that mapped on chromosomes 6 and 8 of rice. Identification of landmark ESTs and development of consensus maps may provide a framework of conserved coding regions predating the evolution of wheat genomes. (shrink)

Taking regular walks when living with Parkinson’s disease has beneficial effects on movement and quality of life. Yet, patients usually show reduced physical activity compared to healthy older adults. Using auditory stimulation such as music can facilitate walking but patients vary significantly in their response. An individualized approach adapting musical tempo to patients’ gait cadence, and capitalizing on these individual differences, is likely to provide a rewarding experience, increasing motivation for walk-in PD. We aim to evaluate the observance, safety, tolerance, (...) usability, and enjoyment of a new smartphone application. It was coupled with wearable sensors and delivered individualized musical stimulation for gait auto-rehabilitation at home. Forty-five patients with PD underwent a 1-month, outdoor, uncontrolled gait rehabilitation program, using the BeatWalk application. The music tempo was being aligned in real-time to patients’ gait cadence in a way that could foster an increase up to +10% of their spontaneous cadence. Open-label evaluation was based on BeatWalk use measures, questionnaires, and a six-minute walk test. Patients used the application 78.8% of the prescribed duration and enjoyed it throughout the program. The application was considered “easy to use” by 75% of the patients. Pain, fatigue, and falls did not increase. Fear of falling decreased and quality of life improved. After the program, patients improved their gait parameters in the six-minute walk test without musical stimulation. BeatWalk is an easy to use, safe, and enjoyable musical application for individualized gait rehabilitation in PD. It increases “walk for exercise” duration thanks to high observance.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02647242. (shrink)

En el artículo se expone la crítica de Herbert A. Simon a los dos supuestos básicos de la noción neoclásica de “agente”: la racionalidad perfecta y el interés propio. Se muestra cómo Simon criticó ambos supuestos al reconocer que las capacidades cognitivas de los agentes son limitadas, mostrando que existen problemas específicos que no tienen soluciones óptimas y que hay otras motivaciones irreducibles al interés propio, como la lealtad y la identificación grupal, que son fundamentales para entender el comportamiento de (...) las organizaciones. Se muestra cómo Simon apuntó hacia una noción de “racionalidad” históricamente acotada por la interacción del agente con su entorno, lo cual presenta una visión compleja y dinámica del comportamiento humano. Sin embargo, el artículo también muestra las dificultades que tuvo Simon para lograr la realización plena de este proyecto al asumir un supuesto de cognición individualista que le impidió dar un papel más sustantivo al entorno en la estructuración del comportamiento de los agentes. Se termina mostrando cómo la noción de “hábito” puede dar un papel más sustantivo al entorno para desarrollar así una concepción históricamente acotada de la racionalidad. (shrink)

Las nuevas formas de participación política en las cuales las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación habilitan el desarrollo de novedosas dinámicas de intervención por parte de la ciudadanía, es el tema central de la obra La reconfiguración de la democracia: el laboratorio político español. El presente texto busca, por un lado, realizar una reflexión filosófica crítica en torno a la realidad política española vivida entre los años 2009 y 2015 en los que el panorama y la esfera política (...) se encontraban en un momento activo y complejo. Por otro lado, pretende llevar a cabo una aproximación de carácter más analítico a dicha realidad política, basándose en diferentes estudios de casos prácticos. Por todo ello, los autores encuentran en España un centro de estudio fascinante debido, básicamente, a la cantidad de experimentos políticos puestos en marcha en los últimos años en este país. (shrink)

Humans and AI systems are usually portrayed as separate sys- tems that we need to align in values and goals. However, there is a great deal of AI technology found in non-autonomous systems that are used as cognitive tools by humans. Under the extended mind thesis, the functional contributions of these tools become as essential to our cognition as our brains. But AI can take cognitive extension towards totally new capabil- ities, posing new philosophical, ethical and technical chal- lenges. To (...) analyse these challenges better, we define and place AI extenders in a continuum between fully-externalized systems, loosely coupled with humans, and fully-internalized processes, with operations ultimately performed by the brain, making the tool redundant. We dissect the landscape of cog- nitive capabilities that can foreseeably be extended by AI and examine their ethical implications. We suggest that cognitive extenders using AI be treated as distinct from other cognitive enhancers by all relevant stakeholders, including developers, policy makers, and human users. (shrink)

Proyectada en 1908 y colocada en 1914, la vidriera de Nuestra Señora del Pilar fue una de las primeras vidrieras artísticas fabricadas por La Veneciana. Pese a ocupar el mayor ventanal de la catedral-basílica de Zaragoza permanece ignorada por las guías turísticas e Internet. Este trabajo arroja luz sobre dicho vitral, su diseñador y el arte sobre cristal. Analizamos su composición pilarista en el contexto de la historia civil, religiosa y legendaria de Zaragoza. Concluiremos con el profundo significado simbólico de (...) esta vidriera que consagra a la Virgen del Pilar como el honor del pueblo zaragozano, aragonés y español así como un elemento del espíritu de la reconciliación hispano-francesa de 1908. Palabras clave: vidriera artística, El Pilar, Zaragoza, La Veneciana, Guyonnet, relaciones hispano-francesas.Projected in 1908 and placed in 1914, the stained-glass window of Nuestra Señora del Pilar was one of the first artistic stained-glass windows manufactured by La Veneciana. Despite occupying the largest window of the cathedral-basilica of Zaragoza remains ignored by tourist guides and the Internet. This work sheds light on this stained-glass window, your designer and art on glass. Next, we will analyze its ‘pilarista’ composition, a synthesis of the civil, religious and legendary history of Zaragoza. We will conclude with the deep symbolic meaning of this stained-glass window, which consecrates the Virgen del Pilar as the honor of the people of Zaragoza, Aragon and Spain. Eventually, this article constitutes an invitation to consider this work as an element of the spirit of Spanish-French reconciliation of 1908. Key words: stained-glass, El Pilar, Zaragoza, La Veneciana, Guyonnet, Spanish-French relations. (shrink)

There is a curious phenomenon where people from marginalized populations are taken to be arrogant when they show no signs of superiority. In effect, their actions are misconstrued, and their attitudes are rendered unintelligible. Given that arrogance is standardly taken to be a flaw in one’s moral character, understanding such misattributions should give us insight into the affective marginalization many people face. This talk aims to give a thorough exploration of arrogance under oppression. I argue that arrogance is a kind (...) of self-preoccupation that involves projecting one’s values, goals, and concerns onto others as if they were objective values, goals, and concerns. When the affectively marginalized communicate their self-respect through things like protest, people mistake that self-respect as self-preoccupation given how the affectively marginalized are constructed. Furthermore, given how affective marginalization not only inhibits how the marginalized are understood by others, but inhibits their own affective lives, I argue that taking up an arrogant attitude is not always morally vicious, but can be a beautiful form of political resistance but all things considered good. (shrink)

Philosophers of race and other writers in the Black and Latinx intellectual traditions have remarked on what it is like to live under “the racial gaze,” to be shaped and limited by the way whites perceive us. However, little work has been spent developing how the racial gaze functions in whites’, and other racially privileged people’s, moral psychology. I argue in this paper that there is a morally objectionable way of perceiving people of color. This claim builds on an insight (...) from Iris Murdoch that our perception can be morally evaluable and extends it to issues of race. I articulate how racial stereotypes and misvaluing distort one’s perception of people of color and that these distortions are organizing around a dominant conception for race that plays an important role in the oppression of people of color. I believe understanding racist perception lays a foundation for understanding the moral dimensions of interpersonal (as opposed to structural) racism. (shrink)