Le scepticisme implique-t-il de refuser toute valeur à l’expérience? Le corpus de Sextus Empiricus permet de montrer que la notion d’expérience joue un rôle central dans la philosophie néo-pyrrhonienne. Si l’on accepte de renoncer à établir des relations causales universelles et nécessaires entre les phénomènes, le scepticisme néo-pyrrhonien trouve dans l’observation empirique un modèle alternatif d’explication de la réalité comparable à celui qui est à l’œuvre dans l’empirisme contemporain. De même, l’attention portée par Sextus Empiricus à l’observation ( têrêsis ) (...) – qui prend alors le sens d’observance – permet de comprendre en quel sens le scepticisme propose une éthique originale tout entière tournée vers le projet de l’adaptation à la vie ordinaire. (shrink)

El excesivo amor a la riqueza es básicamente un tema económico o una pasión económica. En el mundo griego y romano se consideraba y juzgaba desde un punto de vista moral y se etiquetaba con diferentes acepciones griegas que se relacionan entre sí, aunque no son totalmente sinónimas. En este estudio me fijaré exclusivamente en la acepción de uno de ellos, ..., en el vocabulario ético de algunos miembros del movimiento socrático entre los siglos cuarto y tercero antes de Cristo, (...) puesto que este ambiente filosófico fue probablemente el lugar de nacimiento de un género literario: ... Este enfoque considerará las posiciones del mismo Sócrates, Antístenes, Aristipo, Platón, Diógenes de Sinope, Bión de Borystenes y los filósofos griegos más afines a Sócrates, los antiguos estoicos. A la luz de este análisis se podría marcar la frontera de un debate más amplio sobre la correcta actitud hacia el dinero. (shrink)

Wie Lore Jonas in ihren einleitenden Bemerkungen zu den Erinnerungen, dem autobiographischen Zeugnis ihres Mannes, lebhaft in Erinnerung gerufen hat, »besaß [er] jene große humanistische Bildung, die seiner Generation eigen war und die jetzt allmählich verschwindet. Er konnte Homer auf Griechisch und Cicero auf Lateinisch zitieren, lernte als Oberschüler Hebräisch, und die Propheten waren ihm lieb«. Schon das legt nahe, bei der Rekonstruktion der konzeptuellen Gesamtheit von Jonas’ Werk seiner Beziehung zum klassischen Erbe einen privilegierten Ort zu reservieren. Sicherlich ist (...) es nicht einfach, diese Beziehung zur antiken Philosophie klar und knapp darzustellen. (shrink)

Thanks to a careful reading of a key passage in Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Pyrrhonism (PH II 134-170), this paper offers a sort of running commentary that makes clear some crucial aspects of the Pyrrhonian attack against any kind of subsistence or ὑπόστασις of the ἀπόδειξις. This notion (fundamental for the dogmatic approach to epistemological topics) will be examined in its main logical guidelines as well as in some of its historical declinations, especially from the point of view of ancient (...) Stoicism and its doctrine about the so-called non-demonstrable arguments. (shrink)

Cet article s’intéresse en premier lieu à quelques passages des Esquisses pyrrhoniennes de Sextus (I 1-3 ; 8-10 ; III 119-122). Ces « études de cas » permettent d’examiner la relation dialectique entre Sextus et Aristote. Le Stagirite y est représenté à la fois comme une sorte de primus inter dogmaticos pares, et par conséquent comme une cible privilégiée des attaques pyrrhoniennes contre les dogmatismes, et, de façon indirecte, comme une sorte d’« ombre » se profilant derrière l’attitude critique de (...) Sextus. Parallèlement, la stratégie de Sextus consiste à utiliser le matériel aristotélicien à l’appui soit de l’attitude propre à l’ἀγωγή sceptique, soit de la construction d’une διαφωνία spécifique. En second lieu, la section finale de l’article examine en outre un passage difficile du Contre les moralistes (XI 77‑78), proposant une correction qui permettrait, en éliminant le nom d’Aristote, d’y voir une citation d’Ariston. (shrink)

Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae Source presents the transcription of the collection of testimonies about Socrates and Socratics (Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae) originally edited by G. Giannantoni. -/- The site enable users to access texts, exploit resources, and perform queries. Notes, additional information and a legenda for a better access to the texts are also available. -/- The publication is peer-reviewed and aspire to meet the highest quality standards. The content of the site and its internet addresses are stable and can (...) be freely consulted and used for scholarly purposes. -/- The site will be soon open for semantically enrich the data published on the websites. A use of peer-to-peer (p2p) networking will also provide an efficient and engaging collaborative work space. (shrink)

In reconstructing the conceptual universe of Jonas’s philosophy, a privi­leged place can, or indeed must, be reserved for his relationship with the classical heritage. More specifically, a crucial role is played by Plato, especially because, as Jonas strongly underlines, “with Plato you have to go back a much greater distance to make him applicable to the present. But of course Plato is the greater one, the one we have to study again and again from scratch, the one we must discover. (...) With Plato, you’re never finished, that’s the great foundation for all of Western philosophy”. In the light of this premise, this article will focus on the highly original use made in Jonas’s Der Gottesbegriff nach Auschwitz of the Platonic heritage, associated with the mythical figure of the Demi­urge in the Timaeus. (shrink)

Sceptical Paths gathers a variety of innovative studies that inquire into the presence and function of sceptical elements, strategies, and approaches in various traditions throughout Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and contemporary philosophy. Special at.

Sulla questione del libero filosofi, teologi e scienziati arbitrio si interrogano da più di due millenni: tuttavia essa conserva intatta tutta la sua problematicità. Già Kant sosteneva che la libertà, per quanto indispensabile sotto il profilo morale, non sia dimostrabile sul piano teorico. Nel volume il tema viene illustrato da studiosi di diversa formazione, intrecciando ricostruzione storica e analisi concettuale. I contributi mettono in luce le alternative teoriche e i nuclei tematici cruciali, emersi di volta in volta nei singoli autori (...) o periodi, con l'obiettivo di chiarire il senso complessivo di un dibattito che occupa ancora una posizione centrale sulla scena della riflessione filosofica contemporanea. (shrink)

The potential development of self-driving cars (also known as autonomous vehicles or AVs – particularly Level 5 AVs) has called the attention of different interested parties. Yet, there are still only a few relevant international regulations on them, no emergency patterns accepted by communities and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and no publicly accepted solutions to some of their pending ethical problems. Thus, this paper aims to provide some possible answers to these moral and practical dilemmas. In particular, we focus on (...) what AVs should do in no-win scenarios and on who should be held responsible for these types of decisions. A naturalistic perspective on ethics informs our proposal, which, we argue, could represent a pragmatic and realistic solution to the regulation of AVs. We discuss the proposals already set out in the current literature regarding both policy-making strategies and theoretical accounts. In fact, we consider and reject descriptive approaches to the problem as well as the option of using either a strict deontological view or a solely utilitarian one to set AVs’ ethical choices. Instead, to provide concrete answers to AVs’ ethical problems, we examine three hierarchical levels of decision-making processes: country-wide regulations, OEM policies, and buyers’ moral attitudes. By appropriately distributing ethical decisions and considering their practical implications, we maintain that our proposal based on ethical naturalism recognizes the importance of all stakeholders and allows the most able of them to take actions (the OEMs and buyers) to reflect on the moral leeway and weight of their options. (shrink)

No presente artigo, o itinerário filosófico de Anselmo de Cantuária é descrito em quatro tópicos: o primeiro, sobre a sua vida de monge, suas obras e a sua habilidade dialéctica; o segundo, sobre a Ontologia e a teoria dos universais; o terceiro, sobre a teoria da verdade e da significação; o quarto, sobre a Ética ou a fundamentação do agir humano. Além desses quatro tópicos, o seu itinerário filosófico também é descrito levando-se em conta: a) os autores dos quais se (...) serviu (particularmente Platão e Aristóteles); b) a sua mestria na Escolástica (sobretudo por ter indicado as estratégias dialéctica e retórica adequadas ao exercício da racionalidade cristã). /// The present article attempts to describe Anselm of Canterbury's philosophical itinerary in accordance with the following four points: 1) his life as a monk, his works and his dialectical skills; 2) his ontology and theory of universais; 3) his theory of truth and of meaning; 4) his ethical theory and foundation of human action. The article also pays attention to the authors used by Anselm, especially Plato and Aristotle, as well as to his mastery of the scholastic method, whereby special attention is given to the dialectic and rhetoric strategy he found most suitable to the practice of Christian rationality. (shrink)

The recognition of taboo words – i.e. socially inappropriate words – has been repeatedly associated to semantic interference phenomena, with detrimental effects on the performance in the ongoing task. In the present study, we investigated taboo interference in the context of reading aloud, a task configuration which prompts the overt violation of conventional sociolinguistic norms by requiring the explicit utterance of taboo items. We assessed whether this form of semantic interference is handled by habituative or cognitive control processes. In addition (...) to the reading aloud task, participants performed a vocal Stroop task featuring different conditions to dissociate semantic, task, and response conflict. Taboo words were read slower than non-taboo words, but this effect was subject to a quick habituation, with a decreasing interference over the course of trials, which allowed participants to selectively attend to goal-relevant information. In the Stroop task, only semantic conflict was significantly reduced by habituation. These findings suggest that semantic properties can be quickly and flexibly weighed on the basis of contextual appropriateness, thus characterising semantic processing as a flexible and goal-directed component of reading aloud. (shrink)

What is the definition of that which is named "soul"? Can we give it any other definition than "the motion able to move itself" (Laws 895e)? The essays in this volume touch upon the central theme in Plato's late dialogues of the soul as the principle of self-motion and vitality. They discuss in particular the soul's relation to the intelligible world and understanding, as well as its cosmic and socio-political dimensions.

Peter Martyr Vermigli's distinctive blend of humanism, hebraism, and scholasticism constitutes a unique contribution to the scriptural hermeneutics of the Reformation. The Companion consists of 24 essays addressing the reformer’s international career, exegetical method, biblical commentaries, major theological topics, and later influence.

The Mansouri-Sexl and Sjödin point of view on clock synchronization in special relativity is maintained against various criticisms, taking into account also the recent point of view of stochastic electrodynamics. Light speed invariance is also discussed in an intuitive way.

Kaum ein anderes semantisches Feld durchzieht Platons Werk von den ersten Dialogen an bis zum Spätwerk so prägend und zugleich so spannungsreich wie das der Mimesis. Von der Sprachphilosophie über die Ästhetik und Moralpsychologie bis hin zur Metaphysik, Kosmologie und Theologie: in erstaunlich vielen Themenbereichen gewinnt die Semantik der Mimesis bei Platon hohe Relevanz. Der Tagungsband „Platonic Mimesis Revisited“ bietet eine umfassende und kontextsensible Neubetrachtung der Mimesis in allen einschlägigen Dialogen. Anders als frühere monographische Behandlungen des Themas vereint er eine (...) bedeutende Auswahl wissenschaftlicher Perspektiven aus Philosophie und Philologie und gibt so einen breiten Einblick in moderne Forschungsansätze.Mit Beiträgen vonMichele Abbate, Alexandra V. Alván Leon, Laura Candiotto, Andrea Capra, Elenio Cicchini, Michael Erler, Francesco Fronterotta, José Antonio Giménez Salinas, Stephen Halliwell, Irmgard Männlein-Robert, Lidia Palumbo, Anna Pavani, Julia Pfefferkorn, Antonino Spinelli, Benedikt Strobel und Justin Vlasits. (shrink)