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Results for 'statistical theory'
988 found
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- Statistical theories of functions and the problem of epidemic disease.Daniel M. Kraemer - 2013 - Biology and Philosophy 28 (3):423-438.Several decades ago, Christopher Boorse formulated an influential statistical theory of normative biological functions but it has often been claimed that his theory suffers from insuperable problems such as an inability to handle cases of epidemic and universal diseases. This paper develops a new statistical theory of normative functions that is capable of dealing with the notorious problem of epidemic and universal diseases. The theory is also more detailed than its predecessors and offers other (...)
- Epidemiology and the bio-statistical theory of disease: a challenging perspective.Élodie Giroux - 2015 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 36 (3):175-195.Christopher Boorse’s bio-statistical theory of health and disease argues that the central discipline on which theoretical medicine relies is physiology. His theory has been much discussed but little has been said about its focus on physiology or, conversely, about the role that other biomedical disciplines may play in establishing a theoretical concept of health. Since at least the 1950s, epidemiology has gained in strength and legitimacy as an independent medical science that contributes to our knowledge of health (...)
- Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression.W. K. Estes - 1955 - Psychological Review 62 (3):145-154.No categories
- A statistical theory of flow stress and work-hardening.U. F. Kocks - 1966 - Philosophical Magazine 13 (123):541-566.No categories
- Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning.W. K. Estes - 1955 - Psychological Review 62 (5):369-377.
- Explanation, subjunctives and statistical theories.Del Ratzsch - 1988 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 3 (1):80-96.(1988). Explanation, subjunctives and statistical theories. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 80-96. doi: 10.1080/02698598808573326.
- The statistical theory of the figural after-effect.Kendon Smith - 1952 - Psychological Review 59 (5):401-402.No categories
- A statistical theory of ionospheric drifts.J. P. Dougherty - 1960 - Philosophical Magazine 5 (54):553-570.
- Statistical theory of persuasion.V. B. Cervin & G. P. Henderson - 1961 - Psychological Review 68 (3):157-166.No categories
- A statistical theory of the phenomenon of subception.Davis Howes - 1954 - Psychological Review 61 (2):98-110.No categories
- A statistical theory of dynamic contour perception.W. M. Smith & W. L. Gulick - 1962 - Psychological Review 69 (2):91-108.No categories
- The statistical theory of dislocations.N. S. Akulov - 1964 - Philosophical Magazine 9 (101):767-779.No categories
- The statistical theory of global population growth.Sergey P. Kapitza - 2003 - In J. B. Nation (ed.), Formal descriptions of developing systems. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 11--35.Of all global problems world population growth is the most significant. The growth of the number of people expresses the sum outcome of all economic, social and cultural activities that comprise human history. Demographic data in a concise and quantitative way describe this process in the past and present. By applying the concepts of nonlinear dynamics and synergetics, it is possible to work out a mathematical model for a phenomenological description of the global demographic process and project its trends into (...)
- Toward a statistical theory of learning.William K. Estes - 1950 - Psychological Review 57 (2):94-107.
- Acuity and the statistical theory of figural aftereffects.F. H. George - 1962 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 63 (5):423.
- Re-stating Statist Theories of Territory.Randall Pierce - forthcoming - Philosophy and Public Issues - Filosofia E Questioni Pubbliche.No categories
- Toward a statistical theory of learning.William K. Estes - 1994 - Psychological Review 101 (2):282-289.
- Is the Theory of Natural Selection a Statistical Theory?Alexander Rosenberg - 1988 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 18 (sup1):187-207.In The Structure of Biological Science I argued that the theory of natural selection is a statistical theory for reasons much like those which makes thermodynamics a statistical theory. In particular, the theory claims that fitness differences are large enough and the life span of species long enough for increases in average fitness always to appear in the long run; and this claim, I held, is of the same form as the statistical version (...)
- Re-stating Statist Theories of Territory.Gianfranco Pellegrino - forthcoming - Philosophy and Public Issues - Filosofia E Questioni Pubbliche.No categories
- Epistemic Authority, Philosophical Explication, and the Bio-Statistical Theory of Disease.Somogy Varga - 2020 - Erkenntnis 85 (4):937-956.Christopher Boorse’s Health care ethics: an introduction, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, pp 359–393, 1987; in Humber, Almeder, Totowa What is disease?, Humana Press, New York City, pp 1–134, 1997; J Med Philos, 39:683–724, 2014) Bio-Statistical Theory comprehends diseases in terms of departures from natural norms, which involve an objectively describable deviation from the proper physiological or psychological functioning of parts of the human organism. I argue that while recent revisions and additional considerations shield the BST from a number (...)
- Heuristic Formulation of a Contextual Statistic Theory for Groundwater.O. López-Corona, P. Padilla, O. Escolero & E. Morales-Casique - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (1):75-83.Some of the most relevant problems today both in Science and practical problems involves Coupled Socio-ecological Systems, which are some of the best examples of Complex Systems. In this work we discuss groundwater-management as an example of these Coupled Socio-ecological System, also known as Coupled Human and Natural Systems. We argue that it is possible and even necessary to construct a contextual statistical theory of groundwater management. Contextuality implies some very different statistical features as entanglement and complementarity. (...)
- When can statistical theories be causally closed?Balázs Gyenis & Miklós Rédei - 2002 - Foundations of Physics 34 (9):1285-1303.The notion of common cause closedness of a classical, Kolmogorovian probability space with respect to a causal independence relation between the random events is defined, and propositions are presented that characterize common cause closedness for specific probability spaces. It is proved in particular that no probability space with a finite number of random events can contain common causes of all the correlations it predicts; however, it is demonstrated that probability spaces even with a finite number of random events can be (...)
- Application of the statistical theory to form perception.R. H. Day - 1956 - Psychological Review 63 (2):139-148.No categories
- Infinitesimal Calculus as an Epistemic Mediator: A commentary on the use of Squares in Elementary Statistical Theory.Andrew Dynneson & Aaron Alvarez - unknownThis is a commentary on the use of squares in elementary statistics. One sees an ubiquitous use of squares in statistics, and the analogy of "distance in a statistical sense" is teased out. We conjecture that elementary statistical theory has its roots in classical Calculus, and preserves the notion of two senses described in this paper. We claim that the senses of the differentials dx/dy hold between classical and modern infinitesimal Calculus and show how this sense becomes (...)No categories
- Foundations of probability theory, statistical inference, and statistical theories of science.W. Hooker, C., Harper (ed.) - 1975 - Springer.In May of 1973 we organized an international research colloquium on foundations of probability, statistics, and statistical theories of science at the University of Western Ontario. During the past four decades there have been striking formal advances in our understanding of logic, semantics and algebraic structure in probabilistic and statistical theories. These advances, which include the development of the relations between semantics and metamathematics, between logics and algebras and the algebraic-geometrical foundations of statistical theories (especially in the (...)
- Is the Theory of Natural Selection a Statistical Theory?Alexander Rosenberg - 1988 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 14:187-207.In The Structure of Biological Science I argued that the theory of natural selection is a statistical theory for reasons much like those which makes thermodynamics a statistical theory. In particular, the theory claims that fitness differences are large enough and the life span of species long enough for increases in average fitness always to appear in the long run; and this claim, I held, is of the same form as the statistical version (...)
- Multipotentiality: A Statistical Theory of Brain Function—Evidence and Implications.E. Roy John - 1980 - In J. M. Davidson & Richard J. Davidson (eds.), The Psychobiology of Consciousness. Plenum. pp. 129--146.
- Philosophical aspect of statistical theory.C. West Churchman - 1946 - Philosophical Review 55 (1):81-87.
- Prediction, explanation, and testability as criteria for judging statistical theories.Brown Grier - 1975 - Philosophy of Science 42 (4):373-383.For the case of statistical theories, the criteria of explanation, prediction, and testability can all be viewed as particular instances of a more general evaluation scheme. Using the ideas of a gain matrix and expected gain from statistical decision theory, these three criteria can be compared in terms of the elements in their associated gain matrices. This analysis leads to (1) further understanding of the interrelationship between the current criteria, (2) the proposal of an ordering for the (...)
- Eddington's statistical theory.C. W. Kilmister & B. O. J. Tupper - 1962 - Oxford,: Clarendon Press. Edited by B. O. J. Tupper.
- Prediction error minimization, mental and developmental disorder, and statistical theories of consciousness.Jakob Hohwy - 2015 - In Rocco J. Gennaro (ed.), Disturbed consciousness: New essays on psychopathology and theories of consciousness. MIT Press.This chapter seeks to recover an approach to consciousness from a general theory of brain function, namely the prediction error minimization theory. The way this theory applies to mental and developmental disorder demonstrates its relevance to consciousness. The resulting view is discussed in relation to a contemporary theory of consciousness, namely the idea that conscious perception depends on Bayesian metacognition; this theory is also supported by considerations of psychopathology. This Bayesian theory is first disconnected (...)
- I. J. Bienayme: Statistical Theory Anticipated By C. C. Heyde; E. Seneta. [REVIEW]Glenn Shafer - 1979 - Isis 70:329-329.
- Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics. II.Edwin T. Jaynes - 1957 - Physical Review 108 (2):171.Information theory and statistical mechanics II.
- Information theory and statistical mechanics.Edwin T. Jaynes - 1957 - Physical Review 106:620–630.Information theory and statistical mechanics.
- Hardening by ordered coherent precipitates related to the statistical theory.P. Guyot - 1971 - Philosophical Magazine 24 (190):987-993.No categories
- Studies of homogeneous precipitation in very dilute iron–copper alloys using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and statistical theory of nucleation.V. G. Vaks, F. Soisson & I. A. Zhuravlev - 2013 - Philosophical Magazine 93 (23):3084-3109.No categories
- A statistical referential theory of content: Using information theory to account for misrepresentation.Marius Usher - 2001 - Mind and Language 16 (3):331-334.A naturalistic scheme of primitive conceptual representations is proposed using the statistical measure of mutual information. It is argued that a concept represents, not the class of objects that caused its tokening, but the class of objects that is most likely to have caused it (had it been tokened), as specified by the statistical measure of mutual information. This solves the problem of misrepresentation which plagues causal accounts, by taking the representation relation to be determined via ordinal relationships (...)
- Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science.Bernd I. Dahn - 1978 - Studia Logica 37 (2):213-219.
- The statistical character of evolutionary theory.Barbara L. Horan - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (1):76-95.This paper takes a critical look at the idea that evolutionary theory is a statistical theory. It argues that despite the strong instrumental motivation for statistical theories, they are not necessary to explain deterministic systems. Biological evolution is fundamentally a result of deterministic processes. Hence, a statistical theory is not necessary for describing the evolutionary forces of genetic drift and natural selection, nor is it needed for describing the fitness of organisms. There is a (...)
- Statistical Mechanical Theory of a Closed Oscillating Universe.A. Pérez-Madrid & I. Santamaría-Holek - 2010 - Foundations of Physics 40 (3):267-275.Based on Newton’s laws reformulated in the Hamiltonian dynamics combined with statistical mechanics, we formulate a statistical mechanical theory supporting the hypothesis of a closed universe oscillating in phase-space. We find that the behavior of this universe as a whole can be represented by a free entropic oscillator whose lifespan is nonhomogeneous, thus implying that time is shorter or longer according to the state of this universe given through its entropy. We conclude that time reduces to the (...)
- Some links between Cosserat, strain gradient crystal plasticity and the statistical theory of dislocations.S. Forest - 2008 - Philosophical Magazine 88 (30-32):3549-3563.No categories
- A Statistical Referential Theory of Content: Using Information Theory to Account for Misrepresentation.Marius Usher - 2001 - Mind and Language 16 (3):311-334.A naturalistic scheme of primitive conceptual representations is proposed using the statistical measure of mutual information. It is argued that a concept represents, not the class of objects that caused its tokening, but the class of objects that is most likely to have caused it (had it been tokened), as specified by the statistical measure of mutual information. This solves the problem of misrepresentation which plagues causal accounts, by taking the representation relation to be determined via ordinal relationships (...)No categories
- Statistical explanation and ergodic theory.Lawrence Sklar - 1973 - Philosophy of Science 40 (2):194-212.Some philosphers of science of an empiricist and pragmatist bent have proposed models of statistical explanation, but have then become sceptical of the adequacy of these models. It is argued that general considerations concerning the purpose of function of explanation in science which are usually appealed to by such philosophers show that their scepticism is not well taken; for such considerations provide much the same rationale for the search for statistical explanations, as these philosophers have characterized them, as (...)
- Statistical Mechanics: A Tale of Two Theories.Roman Frigg & Charlotte Werndl - 2019 - The Monist 102 (4):424-438.There are two theoretical approaches in statistical mechanics, one associated with Boltzmann and the other with Gibbs. The theoretical apparatus of the two approaches offer distinct descriptions of the same physical system with no obvious way to translate the concepts of one formalism into those of the other. This raises the question of the status of one approach vis-à-vis the other. We answer this question by arguing that the Boltzmannian approach is a fundamental theory while Gibbsian statistical (...)No categories
- Spin-Statistics Transmutation in Quantum Field Theory.P. A. Marchetti - 2010 - Foundations of Physics 40 (7):746-764.Spin-statistics transmutation is the phenomenon occurring when a “dressing” transformation introduced for physical reasons (e.g. gauge invariance) modifies the “bare” spin and statistics of particles or fields. Historically, it first appeared in Quantum Mechanics and in semiclassical approximation to Quantum Field Theory. After a brief historical introduction, we sketch how to describe such phenomenon in Quantum Field Theory beyond the semiclassical approximation, using a path-integral formulation of euclidean correlation functions, exemplifying with anyons, dyons and skyrmions.
- Ergodic theory, interpretations of probability and the foundations of statistical mechanics.Janneke van Lith - 2001 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 32 (4):581--94.The traditional use of ergodic theory in the foundations of equilibrium statistical mechanics is that it provides a link between thermodynamic observables and microcanonical probabilities. First of all, the ergodic theorem demonstrates the equality of microcanonical phase averages and infinite time averages (albeit for a special class of systems, and up to a measure zero set of exceptions). Secondly, one argues that actual measurements of thermodynamic quantities yield time averaged quantities, since measurements take a long time. The combination (...)
- Statistical political philosphy and positive political theory.Kenneth A. Shepsle - 1995 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 9 (1-2):213-222.Green and Shapiro's tour de force fails as a convincing critique of rational choice applications in political science because it locks itself into a statistical form of assessment. Rather than seeing the constructive side of rational choice theory, both as an engine of theoretical development and as a source of non?obvious empirical insights about politics, Green and Shapiro depart from the procedure in most sciences, comparing rational choice against an ideal rather than some concrete alternative. Finally, they fail (...)
- Statism, Nationalism and the Associative Theory of Special Obligations.Richard Child - 2011 - Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 58:1-18.Statists claim that robust egalitarian distributive norms only apply between the citizens of a common state. Attempts to defend this claim on nationalist grounds often appeal to the 'associative duties' that citizens owe one another in virtue of their shared national identity. In this paper I argue that the appeal to co-national associative duties in order to defend the statist thesis is unsuccessful. I first develop a credible theory of associative duties. I then argue that although the associativeNo categories
- A feminist argument against statism: public and private in theories of global justice.Angie Pepper - 2014 - Journal of Global Ethics 10 (1):56-70.Cosmopolitanism and statism represent the two dominant liberal theoretical standpoints in the current debate on global distributive justice. In this paper, I will develop a feminist argument that recommends that statist approaches be rejected. This argument has its roots in the feminist critique of liberal theories of social justice. In Justice, Gender, and the Family Susan Moller Okin argues that many liberal egalitarian theories of justice are inadequate because they assume a strict division between public and private spheres. I will (...)
- Reliable Reasoning: Induction and Statistical Learning Theory.Gilbert Harman & Sanjeev Kulkarni - 2007 - Bradford.In _Reliable Reasoning_, Gilbert Harman and Sanjeev Kulkarni -- a philosopher and an engineer -- argue that philosophy and cognitive science can benefit from statistical learning theory, the theory that lies behind recent advances in machine learning. The philosophical problem of induction, for example, is in part about the reliability of inductive reasoning, where the reliability of a method is measured by its statistically expected percentage of errors -- a central topic in SLT. After discussing philosophical attempts (...)
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