The potential anesthetic neurotoxicity on the neonate is an important focus of research investigation in the field of pediatric anesthesiology. It is essential to understand how these anesthetics may affect the development and growth of neonatal immature and vulnerable brains. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has suggested that using anesthetics result in reduced functional connectivity may consider as core sequence for the neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative changes in the developed brain. Anesthetics either directly impact the primary structures and functions of the brain (...) or indirectly alter the hemodynamic parameters that contribute to cerebral blood flow in neonatal patients. We hypothesis that anesthetic agents may either decrease the brain functional connectivity in neonatal patients or animals, which was observed by fMRI. This review will summarize the effect and mechanism of anesthesia on the rapid growth and development infant and neonate brain with fMRI through functional connectivity. It is possible to provide the new mechanism of neuronal injury induced by anesthetics and objective imaging evidence in animal developing brain. (shrink)

PurposeThis study aims to develop and validate a stigma scale for Chinese patients with breast cancer.MethodsPatients admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, for breast cancer treatment participated in this study. Development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale involved the following procedures: literature review, interview, and applying a theoretical model to generate items; the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale’s content validity was assessed by a Delphi study and feedback from patients with breast cancer ; (...) exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity; convergent validity was assessed with the Social Impact Scale ; internal consistency Cronbach’s α, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability were used to identify the reliability of the scale.ResultsThe final version of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale consisted of 15 items and showed positive correlations with the Social Impact Scale. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four components of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: self-image impairment, social isolation, discrimination, and internalized stigma, which were strongly related to our perceived breast cancer stigma model and accounted for 69.443% of the total variance. Cronbach’s α for the total scale was 0.86, and each subscale was 0.75–0.882. The test–retest reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients of the total scale was 0.947, and split-half reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients of the total scale was 0.911. The content validity index was 0.73–1.0.ConclusionThe newly developed Breast Cancer Stigma Scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the perceived stigma of patients with breast cancer in clinical and research settings. It may be helpful for stigma prevention in China. (shrink)

Perceptual attention is essential to both thought and agency, for there is arguably no demonstrative thought or bodily action without it. Psychologists and philosophers since William James have taken attention to be a ubiquitous and distinctive form of consciousness, one that leaves a characteristic mark on perceptual experience. As a process of selecting specific perceptual inputs, attention influences the way things perceptually appear. It may then seem that it is a specific feature of perceptual representation that constitutes what it is (...) like to consciously attend to an object. In fact conscious attention is more complicated. In what follows, I argue that the phenomenology of conscious attention to what is perceived involves not just a way of perceptually locking on to a specific object. It necessarily involves a way of cognitively locking on to it as well. (shrink)

Previous neurological studies of shyness have focused on the hemispheric asymmetry of alpha spectral power. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have focused on the interaction between different frequencies bands in the brain of shyness. Additionally, shy individuals are even shyer when confronted with a group of people they consider superior to them. This study aimed to reveal the neural basis of shy individuals using the delta-beta correlation. Further, it aimed to investigate the effect of evaluators’ facial attractiveness (...) on the delta-beta correlation of shyness during the speech anticipation phase. We recorded electroencephalogram activity of 94 participants during rest and anticipation of the public speaking phase. Moreover, during the speech anticipation phase, participants were presented with high or low facial attractiveness. The results showed that, as predicted, the delta-beta correlation in the frontal region was more robust for high shyness than for low shyness during the speech anticipation phase. However, no significant differences were observed in the delta-beta correlation during the baseline phase. Further exploration found that the delta-beta correlation was more robust for high facial attractiveness than low facial attractiveness in the high shyness group. However, no significant difference was found in the low-shyness group. This study suggests that a stronger delta-beta correlation might be the neural basis for shy individuals. Moreover, high facial attractiveness might enhance the delta-beta correlation of high shyness in anticipation of public speaking. (shrink)

Recent studies have indicated that trait procrastination as a personality factor could lead to mobile phone addiction, however little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this process. The current study investigated the mediating role of stress in the relationship between trait procrastination and mobile phone addiction, and whether the mediating effect was moderated by gender. A sample including 1,004 Chinese college students completed measurements of trait procrastination, stress, mobile phone addiction, and demographic information. The results showed that (...) trait procrastination was positively related to college students’ mobile phone addiction. Mediation analyses revealed that this relationship was partially mediated by stress. Moderated mediation further indicated that the path between trait procrastination and stress was stronger for male students compared with female students. These findings broadened our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms between trait procrastination and mobile phone addiction, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed. (shrink)

本书共分八章,主要内容包括建构宇宙模式、初创中的分歧、本体论的完成、认知的主体性、顺应生命意题、情的普遍意义、意志主宰生命、历史性的总结。.

This article provides a detailed overview of the neuroscience of consciousness.

本书以多元的视角讨论前沿文艺作品,从关注,对话,名家,锐评,艺海等多个板块共18篇文章展开对当代艺术的讨论,收录了浙江戏剧一度创作中存在的问题,深刻的真实,传统戏曲与现代多媒体技术等文章.

该书收入其论著6种, 主要包括《仪礼奭固》, 《礼器图》, 《周政三图》, 《天文图考》, 《经脉分图》等.

Shang ce. Kongzi zhe xue bu fen -- Xia ce. Mengzi zhe xue ji Xunzi zhe xue.

吳汝鈞教授在本書以二十世紀三位重要思想家張東蓀、金岳霖和牟宗三為代表， 對當代中國哲學知識論展開全面、客觀且準確的論述，並有創發且獨到的思維見解。 知識論在傳統的中國哲學中未受到重視，一直到了近現代，才有學者加以鑽研、開拓。作者為中央研究院中國文哲研究所特聘研究員吳汝鈞教授，《當代中國哲學的知識論》一書論述主要集中在當代中國哲學知識論的三位代表人 物：張東蓀、金岳霖和牟宗三。 張東蓀的體系是「多元主義的知識論」，重點在認知對象方面，把後者由實質的、固定的物體作出架構性的轉向。他視對象為一種架構、橫造，是虛的，不是實的。他傾向以事件來說認知對象，而不以質體來說。金岳霖的理論則 是「實在主義的知識論」，到處都貫串著一個原則：把得著於所與還治所與。「所與」即是認知的對象，特別是經驗對象。我們對於種種對象加以抽象，把其中的共同的特性抽出來，形成概念。日後當遇上具有這共同的性格的對 象時，便可以這個概念來描述、概括它們。牟宗三的理論是「存有論的知識論」。其思路是我們的知體明覺自我坎陷而成為識心，由感性、知性與想像構成。感性與知性在知現象時，把知體明覺的感應作用中的東西推出去，挑縐 起來，而成為現象。即是，識心有執著的功能，能把物體思解地加以執縐，同時現起一些存有論的概念亦即是範疇來決定這現象，使之成為「對象」。 吳汝鈞不僅對張東蓀、金岳霖、牟宗三的知識論有全面、客觀且準確的論述，也有相當深入的分析與評論，同時也藉此表達他個人所欲建立的「純粹力動」之說，具有創發且獨到的思維見解。他將上述三人的知識論置於西方哲學 唯識學的背景來考量比較，以彰顯他們的知識論思想之特色與貢獻，勾勒這三位現代思想家的知識論特徵，可說相當精闢醒豁，令人有耳目一新之感。本書反映出作者深厚的學術背景，具有相當高的學術水準。.

I argue that when perception plays a guiding role in intentional bodily action, it is a necessary part of that action. The argument begins with a challenge that necessarily arises for embodied agents, what I call the Many-Many Problem. The Problem is named after its most common case where agents face too many perceptual inputs and too many possible behavioral outputs. Action requires a solution to the Many-Many Problem by selection of a specific linkage between input and output. In bodily (...) action the agent perceptually selects, and in this way perceptually attends to, relevant information so as to guide the execution of specific movements. Since perceptual attention is a necessary part of solving the Many-Many Problem, it is a necessary part of bodily action. Indeed, the process of implementing a solution to the Many-Many Problem, as constrained by the agent's motivational state, just is the agent's performing an intentional bodily action in the relevant way. (shrink)