Was heißt das eigentlich und im Grunde genommen, einer anderen Person zu verzeihen? Was ist der Gegenstand des Verzeihens? Oder anders gesagt, was verzeihen wir überhaupt, wenn wir verzeihen? Welche Voraussetzungen müssen erfüllt sein, damit ein Gegenstand des Verzeihens überhaupt zur Gegebenheit kommen kann? Was sind die charakteristischen Merkmale dieses besonderen Gegenstandes? Was für eine Art von Erlebnis ist das Verzeihen? Handelt es sich um einen Akt oder um eine Stellungnahme? Können wir im Namen anderer Personen verzeihen? Ist das Verzeihen (...) ein sozialer Akt, der - wie jeder soziale Akt - vernehmungsbedürftig ist? Mit Hilfe der Anwendung einer phänomenologisch-philosophischen Methode wendet sich der Autor dem fundamentalen Phänomen des Aktes des Verzeihens, aber auch der Disposition (Tugend) bzw. der Bereitschaft zum Verzeihen und benachbarten Akten wie der Verlautbarung des Verzeihens und der Bitte um Verzeihen zu. Im Zentrum seiner Abhandlung aber steht das Verzeihen als solches und der Versuch, dessen Wesen, Gründe, Bedingungen der Möglichkeit, usf. zu ergründen. (shrink)

Frente a la problemática identificada: dificultades en el aprendizaje de la matemática el cual se refleja en los resultados al terminar el año escolar y en las diferentes pruebas aplicadas a nivel local, nacional e internacional. El artículo tiene como propósito por una parte la transformación de la práctica docente en aula y por otro lado como consecuencia de ella la de mejorar los niveles de aprendizaje estudiantil, luego de aplicar la propuesta de la Matemática Intercultural con estudiantes de la (...) Institución Educativa Secundaria “Miguel Grau” de la comunidad de Huarijuyo, en los años 2013-2014, jurisdicción del distrito de Pichacani, provincia y región de Puno – Perú; se apeló a una investigación cualitativa, de tipo investigación acción pedagógica, la de transformar prácticas pedagógicas y proponer alternativas de solución al problema identificado, en la línea de educación matemática; desarrollando sesiones de aprendizaje en aula, en la horizontalidad de la Matemática Intercultural que responda a las necesidades, intereses, problemas y aspiraciones; que tenga sentido, que sean cercanas al mundo real y que el estudiantado sean los actores de su aprendizaje. Se ha observado en los resultados, la mejora de los niveles de aprendizaje, lo que implicó la comprensión de conceptos matemáticos, el desarrollo de las capacidades, permite el proceso de lo concreto a lo abstracto, potencia la creatividad, la resolución de problemas de contextos diversos, asimismo la población estudiada valoraron los saberes matemáticos locales y universales. (shrink)

St. Augustine, through his most recognized philosophical writings, has elaborated a thesis where he makes known the concept, function and laws of the sensitive memory as the indispensable faculty for the intellectual and personal development. The main philosophical works of the Christian author “Confessions” and “Of the Trinity” seek to meditate and deepen the phenomenon of memory in order to unravel the faculty of remembering present in human beings and animals. In his confessions, St. Augustine shapes the events that have (...) marked his life before, during and after his conversion to Christianity, where he manifests the emotions, causes and consequences. In psychology, memory is part of his fields of study in order to explain, through the scientific method, the process of memory and its relationship with behavioral and psychic phenomena of man. The first authors of psychology, have proposed various theories and schemes that allow to observe and give a diagnosis to the behaviors that the person manifests, to these phenomena is involved the sensitive memory as responsible for such attitudes. St. Augustine has taken the first steps on the study of the sensitive memory from the rational, speculative and Christian scope; therefore, it becomes one of the great contributions on the study of the nemetic phenomenon and to be considered as the father of psychology. (shrink)

El estudio de la motivación de la utilización de los sistemas de control avanzado de música ambiental y el hecho de crear un buen ambiente, una buena experiencia de cara al cliente que entra en un local a realizar una compra debido al atractivo generado por la música es el objetivo de esta investigación. El estudio de las emociones que se derivan de la utilización de la música en locales comerciales y la repercusión que tiene en el comportamiento de compra (...) del consumidor serán analizados con el estudio de varios casos de éxito sobre esta cuestión. (shrink)

To consider that the nature of forgiveness consists in its healing effects on the forgiver overlooks the distinction between the nature of forgiveness and the question about its desirable effects. What I suggest is that the curing effect of forgiveness is an indirectly intended consequence of forgiveness. To forgive mywrongdoer only because this is the way to gain inner peace or to “heal my soul” shows a somewhat utilitarian view on forgiveness. By forgiving the wrongdoer, thevictim extends an attitude of (...) authentic goodwill toward the offender as a person. However, the one who forgives does not extend this attitude toward the action theoffender performed. We can strongly oppose wrong behavior without opposing wrongdoers as persons. (shrink)

En este artículo se examinan algunas implicaciones del naturalismo matemático de P. Maddy como una concepción filosófica que permite superar las dificultades del ficcionalismo y el realismo fisicalista en matemáticas. Aparte de esto, la mayor virtud de tal concepción parece ser que resuelve el problema que plantea para la aplicabilidad de la matemática el no asumir la tesis de indispensabilidad de Quine sin comprometerse con su holismo confirmacional. A continuación, sobre la base de dificultades intrínsecas al programa de Maddy, exploramos (...) un camino naturalista mejor motivado, el enfoque cognitivista corporeizado, y sugerimos que él permite explicar de manera adecuada la postulación de ciertos cardinales grandes, en particular, la aceptación de conjuntos no-construibles. (shrink)

In this essay we show that some thesis -contended by some authors searching on physical causation- about causal pseudoprocesses, processes of which the most salient aspect seems to be travelling faster than the speed of light, must be rejected o seriously modified. Secondly, we will argue that there is just one non causal entities category and that special relativity does not provide any particular motivation to appeal to an ontological distinction based on identity over time. In addition, this conclusion we (...) will enable us to offer a more accurate definition of a pseudoprocess than that found in the relevant literature. In third place, we will show in some detail how such processes, understood the way that we suggest here, are and have been valuable methodological tools when studying –through usual measurement procedures- effective causal relations holding in the physical world. Finally, we will connect our conclusions with R. Torretti’s criticism on the relation between ordinary causation and governed-by-differential-equations physical processes and we will show that, although neutral on his anthropocentric background, the account here argued provides, against what Torretti claims, a natural explanation to the physical connection between ordinary causation and causal processes such as studied by physics. (shrink)

Moderation and liberalism are different and in some cases antagonistic concepts. In recent years, the view that Sieyès’s idea of constituent power is a moderate and liberal rendering of sovereignty has gained acceptance in intellectual history and constitutional theory literature. This claim is based on the premise that radical and illiberal readers of Rousseau’s idea of sovereignty, such as Robespierre and the Jacobins, were opposed to representing the general will (volonté générale). Thus, constituent power as the exercise of power by (...) extraordinary representatives to draft a constitution would be a liberal attempt at political moderation in the French revolution. In contrast to this liberal reading, my analysis shows that Sieyès’s idea of constituent power is an illiberal attempt at political moderation. Against moderate liberal theories, constituent power demands that the extraordinary representatives of the constituent assembly must will, deliberate, and act as if they were the people themselves. These representatives have absolute powers and the mandate to create a constitution but also the imperative to perceive and mirror the sovereign will. From a political theory approach, I conclude that constituent power is not a liberal idea but a key notion of moderate illiberalism that prevailed during the French Revolution. (shrink)

El objetivo principal del ensayo es intentar entender el significado del silencio del Buddha ante las diez proposiciones sin declarar. Si se consideran como di††hi, las preguntas sin declarar son simplemente un conjunto de proposiciones conceptualmente distorsionadas. El trabajo se ha dividido en cinco secciones. En las dos primeras se presenta la explicación del Buddha de su propio silencio. Tienen un alcance meramente expositivo con el objeto de situar la discusión en los términos en que fue originariamente planteada. La tercera (...) parte explica los mecanismos mentales que intervienen en la generación mental de patrones mentales distorsionados. El papel que desempeña papañca en el desarrollo de las tendencias subyacentes y la aparición de efluvios mentales se ha desarrollado en la cuarta parte. Finalmente, se presenta el silencio del Buddha como la respuesta que es consistente con el conjunto de principios doctrinales que él mismo declaró. (shrink)

We discuss in this paper the scope of abduction in Economics. The literature on this type of inference shows that it can be interpreted in different ways, according to the role and nature of its outcome. We present a formal model that allows to capture these various meanings in different economic contexts.

Constituent power is a key concept in democratic theory and constitutional law. The French term pouvoir constituant was coined by Sieyès in the context of the French Revolution in his famous pamphl...

Las personas portadoras o enfermas del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana han experimentado consecuencias devastadoras en el plano personal, familiar y social desde la aparición de los primeros casos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos, así como la repercusión derivada de las implicaciones éticas del actuar profesional con estos pacientes, lo cual demuestra la necesidad de vencer los tabúes y la discriminación que han sido objeto desde los inicios de la epidemia. Persons who are (...) carrier of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or persons who are sick have experienced destructive consequences in the personal, familiar and social spheres since the appearance of the first cases. The objective of this work is to analyze the fulfilment of the bioethical principles, as well as the repercussion derived from the ethics dilemma of the professional behaviour with these patients, what demonstrate the necessity of overcoming taboos and the discrimination they have suffered from since the beginnings of the disease. (shrink)

An economic crisis is an unexpected phenomenon with strong consequences for nations, institutions and people's wealth, habits, and behaviors. It departs from the ‘normal’ evolution of the affairs foreseen by economic theory. It makes the claim for new theoretical explanations. It surprises the economic agents that try to ascertain what kind of phenomenon they are facing in order to decide the appropriate actions to undertake. It calls for revisions of theory, plans and expectations. Overall, a crisis calls for an explanation (...) which clarifies its causes. (shrink)

La educación del hombre es un tema que no deja de ser cuestionado. A pesar de los esfuerzos y de las diversas innovaciones en la materia, la crisis educativa de la «sociedad líquida» es cada vez más profunda y al mismo tiempo más relativa. El hombre y sus actitudes, hoy fuertemente controvertidas por sus manifestaciones de violencia, irracionalidad, corrupción y rechazo de los valores, revelan la cruda realidad educativa. Frente a la situación descrita, la presente investigación se propone analizar las (...) raíces de esta problemática y a la vez proponer reflexiones y alternativas innovadoras que ayuden a superar dicha crisis. Los resultados encontrados son reveladores y esperanzadores. Varios de los planteamientos de este trabajo ya están contemplados en la legislación y en la teoría educativa desde hace varias décadas; sin embargo, han quedado en el olvido por efectos del individualismo, la anomia, el escepticismo y el nihilismo propios de la sociedad posmoderna. El aporte factible y necesario es la educación sistémica de la persona que, superando los diversos reduccionismos, se centre en el «desarrollo humano integral» ; dejando en claro, asimismo, los roles de la familia, del Estado, de la escuela, de los medios de comunicación social, de la sociedad y del mismo educando frente al desafío de la educación actual. (shrink)

During the second half of the twentieth century, economics exported its logic - utility maximization - to the analysis of several human activities or realities: a tendency that has been called "economic imperialism". This book explores the concept termed by John Davis as "reverse imperialism", whereby economics has been seen in recent years to have taken in elements from other disciplines. Economics and Other Disciplines sheds light on the current state and possible future development of economics by focusing on it (...) from a philosophical perspective, broadening the concept of rationality in economic theory. The beliefs that prevail in the world today make up a physicalist worldview. This book argues that this pervasive view is harmful for economics as a social science. Do new economic currents like behavioral economics, evolutionary economics, neuroeconomics, institutional economics, happiness economics, the capability approach and civil economy, escape this widespread mentality? What would be an adequate underlying economic ethos? Do these approaches fit into this ethos? Ricardo F. Crespo appraises the contributions from a classical philosophy angle, emphasizing their implications regarding practical reason. This volume is of great importance to those who are interested in political economy, economic theory and philosophy, as well as philosophy of social science. (shrink)

Student performance and its evaluation remain a serious challenge for education systems. Frequently, the recording and processing of students’ scores in a specific curriculum have several flaws for various reasons. In this context, the absence of data from some of the student scores undermines the efficiency of any future analysis carried out in order to reach conclusions. When this is the case, missing data imputation algorithms are needed. These algorithms are capable of substituting, with a high level of accuracy, the (...) missing data for predicted values. This research presents the hybridization of an algorithm previously proposed by the authors called adaptive assignation algorithm, with a well-known technique called multivariate imputation by chained equations. The results show how the suggested methodology outperforms both algorithms. (shrink)

The world has seen several financial and economic crises in the past few years. Psychological, ethical and philosophical levels of causal analysis have been discussed, and in this context, an interest in classical thinkers has emerged. The work of Aristotle has influenced writers from Marx and Menger to Amartya Sen. This book introduces us to Aristotle's thought on 'the economic' and on its influences on economists. First, it focuses on Aristotle´s ideas, situating Aristotle in his historical context, describing his positions (...) on the economic and analysing what kind of reality the economic is, its relation with ethics and with politics. Then, it determines what kind of science is concerned with the economic. Later, it analyses related topics and shows the influence of Aristotle's ideas on contemporary economists. It concludes by highlighting the Aristotelian contributions to today's economy. This scholarly volume offers important new insights into the Aristotelian approach to the economy itself, as well as to the idea of economics as a science, bringing Aristotle's views to bear on the modern economy. (shrink)