Pensar é uma espécie de exercício responsável que não pode ser omitido neste momento que vivenciamos e partilhamos. Por isso, cultivar boas reflexões depende, por um lado, da capacidade técnico-acadêmica de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores e, por outro, da maneira como conduzem o seu horizonte filosófico diante de um quadro de perspectivas e desafios. Assim, a produção filosófica não precisa de milagres para compreender a natureza, como afirmará Espinosa, mas de uma aliança entre liberdade e razão.É neste sentido que o (...) presente número da Aurora contempla o dossiê “Atualidade da Filosofia de Espinosa: Matéria e potência”, organizado pelos professores Ricardo Espinosa Lolas e Eladio Craia.O Fluxo Contínuo, por sua vez, dispõe dos artigos “Fantasised alterity, inaudible voices. Notes for a critique of the coloniality of desire”, de Jorge Polo Blanco; “El Estado Intensivo de Gilles Deleuze”, de Julián Ferreyra; “Nietzsche e a mnemotécnica: do sofrimento à afirmação da vida pelo artista da dor”, de Adilson Felicio Feiler; “The role of sense of justice in Rawls’theory”, de Pablo Aguayo Westwood; “Paradigms in Action”, de Paulo Pirozelli e, por último, “É possível filosofar com Heidegger após as confissões nos Cadernos Negros?”, de Luiz Rohden.A Aurora também apresenta, ao final, as resenhas das obras “Aporías de la Democracia”, obra coordenada por Ricardo Espinoza Lolas e Jordi Riba, assinada por Angélica Montes Montoya, e “Hegel and Espinosa: Substance and Negativity”, de Gregor Moder, realizada por Eladio Craia e Arion Keller. (shrink)

Trata-se da resenha do livro O tempo e a ocasião, o encontro Espinosa Maquiavel, de Vittorio Morfino.

No escólio da proposição IV18, ao falar rapidamente das soluções contra a impotência e inconstância humanas, Espinosa afirma a utilidade mútua entre dois homens no favorecimento de suas potências de agir como uma das soluções à servidão. Esse favorecimento é permitido pelas muitas coisas que os homens possuem em comum entre si, que, por sua vez, podem possibilitar tanto as relações de aumento de potência, na medida em que os homens conduzem-se pela razão, quanto as de diminuição, nas quais (...) os homens estão submetidos às paixões, podendo ser contrários e danosos uns aos outros. No entanto, apesar da ambivalência dessas relações proporcionadas pelo comum, a utilidade da vida em sociedade ainda é afirmada como uma forma de favorecimento mútuo entre os homens na medida em que se conduzem pela razão e por meio da instituição da _Civitas_, que institui um meio termo entre a dimensão passional e a dimensão racional dos homens. (shrink)

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

O ensaio tentar realizar um exercício hermenêutico de explicitar os sentidos de tempo que surgem no poema O tempo o homem, do poeta paraense Max Martins. Neste ensaio, as premissas interpretativas partem sobretudo do pensamento do filósofo paraense Benedito Nunes, tendo, no horizonte a Ontologia fundamental de Martin Heidegger, mas também de outros pensadores, como Giorgio Agamben. Além disto, o horizonte hermenêutico deste ensaio alcança um dos poetas que marcaram determinantemente a poesia de Max Marins, que foi seu amigo Mário (...) Faustino. Assim, o problema central desta investigação ensaística é a busca por saber o sentido dos tempos Ampulheta, Era, hera e Hora. A hipótese é que o aporte hermenêutico fenomenológico desenvolvido por Benedito Nunes para a relação dialógica, de “transa”, entre poesia e filosofia, viabilizada pelo que chamou de “passagem para o poético” (Kehre), oferece a tese de que o poema de Max Martins é um poema sobre o próprio poetar e sobre a “aventura” enquanto “evento” (Ereignis) da Hora que o artista faz. (shrink)

The ἐκπύρωσις, or world's conflagration, followed by the restoration of an identical world seems to go against the rationality of the Stoic god. The aim of this paper is to show that Cleanthes, the second head of the School, can avoid this paradox. According to Cleanthes, the conflagration is an inevitable side-effect of the necessary means used by god to sustain the world. Given that this side-effect is contrary to god's sustaining activity, but unavoidable, god's rationality requires the restoration of (...) an identical world once the conflagration subsides. The paper also deals with the relation between Cleanthes and other early Stoics on the topic of conflagration. In particular, Cleanthes' position seems to differ from Chrysippus'. For in contrast with the Cleanthean god, who causes the conflagration as a side-effect only, the Chrysippean god, according to an influential interpretation put forward by Jaap Mansfeld, causes the conflagration as his ultimate cosmological goal. (shrink)

This paper focuses on two prominent arguments claiming that physicalism entails reductionism. One is Kim’s causal exclusion argument (CEA), and the other is Papineau’s causal argument. The paper argues that Kim’s CEA is not logically valid and that it is driven by two implausible justifications. One is “Edward’s dictum”, which is alien to non-reductive physicalism and should be rejected. The other is by endorsement of Papineau’s conception of the physical, immanent in Papineau’s causal argument. This argument only arrives at the (...) physical property-property identities by using a conception of the physical that licenses anything to be reductively physical, including putative core anti-physical entities; thus, leaving Papineau’s causal argument and Kim’s CEA without a reductive physicalist conclusion of philosophical interest. (shrink)

This paper suggests the democratic direction in which the right of freedom of expression should be conceived and applied. In the first two sections it suggests some counter-examples to, and diagnoses of, the libertarian and liberal conceptions of freedom of expression, taking Scanlon (1972) and Scanlon (1979), respectively, to be their chief proponents. The paper suggests that these conceptions cannot take into account clear examples, like fraudulent propaganda, which should not be legal. The democratic conception takes it to heart that (...) the pillars upon which the right of freedom of expression is founded are individual and collective autonomy, the right to know facts of public interest and information necessary for effective democratic control of government. The paper suggests that in a time when private powers seriously threaten these pillars, it is correct for the government to step in to provide the framework in which genuine discussion geared toward fulfilling the objectives of these pillars can take place. (shrink)

Lo que se pretende con este artículo es pensar el Ereignis de Heidegger a la luz del problema del Sein en un triple referente; el cual se muestra en tres palabras fundamentales: Wink, Aufriss y Destruktion. Esto nos llevará a estudiar someramente a nuestro autor desde los cursos de los años veinte anteriores a Sein und Zeit hasta el Seminario de Le Thor de 1969. Pero todo este horizonte de pensamiento estará articulado desde los Beiträge zur Philosophie. Vom Ereignis (1936-38).

This paper inquires in a central question in the Jean-Luc Nancy’s work, that is, the end of the West and his inmediate concequence: the return schema. The evaluation that Nancy realize is associated to his affirmation about this question is that the West has finished product planetary extension of its foundational philosophical slogans. The main argument is that one of the most conspicuous causes of that finishing is the global structure, regulated by the exclusive pattern of the One, in any (...) case, neutralizer considered singular beings. It is argued that the main output to said planetary nancyana neutralization is the concept of a community of singular beings under the being-in-common that cover deploys unique and unrepeatable sense networks. (shrink)

Ascendendo no campo teórico desde a virada do milênio, o ateísmo tem sido considerado uma variedade religiosa de relevância social e acadêmica por razões estigmatizantes. Este artigo apresenta um estudo com enfoque nos espaços da etapa incipiente do ateísmo como opção religiosa. Para tanto, analisamos a peça O berço do herói, de Dias Gomes. Essa peça é inspirada em um caso real que aconteceu durante a Guerra dos Canudos. Nela, é possível observar como Dias Gomes, autor que se afirmou publicamente (...) como ateu e marxista, constrói um argumento ateu-marxista baseado em três premissas, demonstradas pela verossimilhança da situação.Palavras-chave: O berço do herói. Argumento ateu. Religião. Nacionalismo. (shrink)

Resumo: A teoria marxiana do trabalho alienado ocupa um papel de destaque na Filosofia política moderna. Seguindo a esteira de Hegel, Marx concebe o homem como sendo o produto de sua própria atividade, isto é, a autoproduçáo do homem pelo trabalho. Isso significa que o ser humano náo é um ser que nasce acabado, mas que se desenvolve como ser humano enquanto desenvolve as potencialidades que lhe sáo inerentes. Imerso no estudo da sociedade capitalista, Marx percebe como nela se interdita (...) esse postulado da autoproduçáo do homem pelo trabalho. Mas, se a realizaçáo da humanidade depende da genuína atividade produtiva, do exercício do trabalho, sem alienar-se em relaçáo ao seu produto, surge a necessidade de se criarem alternativas frente a esse modo de produçáo, no intuito de se assegurarem as condições de realizaçáo da humanidade do trabalhador. As condições para o exercício do trabalho náo-alienado seráo superadas, na medida em que se superar a propriedade privada e a divisáo social do trabalho. E na linha de pensamento de Marx, a tese de que o trabalho perdeu sua centralidade náo tem lugar. Vale dizer que, se tal tese fosse admitida, seriam suprimidas as condições de realizaçáo do ser humano, pois, para Marx, trabalho e o desenvolvimento das potencialidades humanas sáo indissociáveis. O que precisa ser superado é o trabalho alienado e náo o trabalho como tal. Palavras-Chave: Divisáo do Trabalho. Marx. Propriedade Privada. Trabalho Alienado. (shrink)

The molecular aspects of the microtubule system is a research area that has developed very rapidly during the past decade. Research on the assembly mechanisms and chemistry of tubulin and the molecular biology of microtubules have advanced our understanding of microtubule formation and its regulation. The emerging view of tubulin is of a macromolecule containing spatially discrete sequences that constitute functionally different domains with respect to self‐association, interactions with microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and specific ligands. Recent studies point to the (...) role of the carboxyl‐terminal moiety of tubulin subunits in regulating its assembly into microtubules. These investigations combined with further studies on the spatial relationships between tubulin domains should provide new insights into the detailed structural basis of microtubule assembly. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar dos problemas fundamentales del transhumanismo: la edición genética (específicamente el caso de CRISPR/Cas9) y el _mind uploading _a la luz del concepto de tecnología gótica. La apropiación de la categoría de lo gótico pretende vislumbrar las contradicciones de la racionalidad científica y tecnológica gracias a algunas de sus premisas filosóficas (hibridación, fantasmagoría, entre otras). Al mismo tiempo y derivado de estos análisis, se hará un bosquejo de los problemas relacionados con una futura sociedad (...) posthumana en los aspectos éticos, militares, políticos, sociales y filosóficos. Al reflexionar sobre la sociedad posthumana, también se destacará el lugar del sujeto y su posible extinción por medio de estas tecnologías. _Palabras clave: _Transhumanimo, Mind Uploading, CRISPR, filosofía de la tecnología, tecnología gótica. (shrink)

This book is a collection of articles on different aspects of university education in China since the late nineteenth century, addressing how far the ideal of modern university education, which has gradually been developed in the West since the age of European Enlightenment, was adopted or transformed by Chinese universities.

The change from a classicist (academicist) tradition to experimentation as a modern model of artistic creativity allows demonstrating the historicity of the notion of creativity. Establishing such historicity allows to face some prejudices and assumptions interfering –till nowadays– in the discussion about artistic creativity. Frequently, those prejudices and assumptions end up in reductionist, absolutist or idealist stances disallowing the discussion about artistic creativity to critically advance.

The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the importance of the inherent conflicts of ethos can have on efforts directed at a progressive globalization of bioethics. It is not merely to indicate the structures of conflict, but also and perhaps above all, to suggest ways of convergence. The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UNESCO 2005) offers an unbeatable opportunity.

This paper relates the concept of “discourse” (in the discourse-ethics’ meaning) with the concept of “social justice.” I maintain that the social nature of reason is a condition of possibility of such justice. According to the Alexy-Habermas system, the rules for the practical discourse mean in their third level the conditions of symmetry, that is, the absence of privileges among the participants. My paper introduces the concept of discursive fairness, referred to the requirements for maintaining the discursive symmetry, even under (...) circumstances of non-discursive, but real asymmetry. Two principles of discursive fairness are offered (by analogy to Rawls’ “principles of justice”): 1. equality of rights among the participants in the practical discourse, and 2. possibility of reviewing all arguments used in the discourse, together with guarantees of benefits for the unsuccessful participants. (shrink)

The word heuristic came from the greek and means “I found it!”; it has the same semantical roof than the expression eureka from Newton. For understanding the function of heuristic in art, it is necessary to realize that every creative need some principles, ideas and convictions more and less systematic as a starting point of her/his work. But this principles, ideas and convictions are not true or false. We say they are appropriate or not for the purpose that the artist (...) intends or not. In this sense, assumptions, theories and fictions could belong to the heuristic of an artist whether they allow the artist to reach the artistic goal she/he is looking for. Between theory and practice, heuristic is the pretext the artist found to explain plausibly and credible the production of art. (shrink)

This paper examines physics and mathematics textbooks published in France at the end of the 1950s and at the beginning of the 1960s for children aged 11–15 years old. It argues that at this “middle school” level, textbooks contributed to shape cultural representations of both disciplines and their mutual boundaries through their contents and their material aspect. Further, this paper argues that far from presenting clearly delimited subjects, late 1950s textbooks offered possible connections between mathematics and physics. It highlights that (...) such connections depended upon the type of schools the textbooks aimed at, at a time when educational organization still differentiated pupils of this age. It thus stresses how the audience and its projected aptitudes and needs, as well as the cultural teaching traditions of the teachers in charge, were inseparable from the diverse conceptions of mathematics and physics and their relationships promoted through textbooks of the time. (shrink)

ABSTRACT International research enrolling human subjects has raised an ethical concern regarding the just distribution of benefits between the countries that design the research and the host communities. Although several universal declarations have expressed this concern, a gap between theory and practice continues to exist, as well as a significant divergence between the design of the research protocol and the social context where it will be implemented. Although institutional review boards have made a valuable effort to evaluate international research, their (...) sensitivity to the just sharing of research benefits as well as their attention to the social context must be evaluated. This article analyzes the distribution of benefits in a review of international research in Mexico and produces an ethical reflection based on the results. (shrink)

Resenha ao livro "Maquiavelianas: lições de política republicana", do professor Sérgio Cardoso (USP).