Vivemos nos desdobramentos daquilo que Manuel Castells (2005) nomeou de Sociedade em Rede, em cujo cerne estão as Tecnologias de Informação (TIs). Ele indicou as características-chave do novo cenário que diagnosticou, a saber, são tecnologias que agem sobre a própria informação e que também introduziram a lógica das redes; que promovem a convergência tecnológica e, por conseguinte, um sistema altamente integrado de aparatos técnicos; e que acentuadamente penetram pelos diferentes processos e âmbitos sociais. De lá para cá testemunhamos grandes e (...) rápidos saltos tecnológicos bem como o adensamento das transformações na dinâmica econômico-política organizacional e institucional e na construção das vidas humanas e não-humanas no planeta. Essas mudanças alcançaram não apenas modos informais de aprendizagem, mas também a educação formal. O objetivo desse artigo é discutir aspectos atuais da plataformização educacional presentes na educação básica brasileira, tendo como referência o ensino de Filosofia no Ensino Médio. Para tanto será desenvolvida reflexão sobre a plataformização educacional, fenômeno que diz respeito ao modelo de negócios presente na atual fase do capitalismo e que utiliza as plataformas sustentadas pela IA e também a constante extração de dados de quem transita pelas infovias do ciberespaço; sobre o que nomeamos como Escola do Cansaço, em diálogo com o conceito de Sociedade do Cansaço desenvolvido por Byung Chul Han; e sobre algumas implicações decorrentes que já se fazem presentes na administração do trabalho docente, na realização do trabalho docente e nas relações de ensino-aprendizagem. (shrink)

O estudo propõe na temática da ordem econômica nacional, a possibilidade de convergência de valores do sistema capitalista com o desenvolvimento humano, a partir da problemática de promoção de acesso ao tratamento da Atrofia Muscular Espinhal 5q tipos I e II, que é oriundo de pesquisas e novas tecnologias promovidas pelas entidades privadas. Para tanto, buscou-se compreender o direito humano à vida e garantia do acesso e manutenção da saúde à luz do texto constitucional, assim como, a relação entre Estado (...) e iniciativa privada na disponibilidade do tratamento para a doença no SUS, sem inibição do progresso tecnológico. Com o auxílio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documentos dos órgãos governamentais no tocante à matéria, pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, conclui-se que ao adotar o humanismo, com o uso da dignidade da pessoa humana como principio basilar do ordenamento, a interpretação funcionalizada da ordem econômica materializa as políticas positivas para o acesso ao tratamento de saúde, já que a iniciativa privada colabora com a assistência, seguindo os direcionamentos legais. (shrink)

Este artigo busca compreender qual o estatuto que a ideia de fundamento recebe na filosofia de Sartre enquanto uma ontologia existencial, isto é, enquanto uma filosofia que compreende o homem em sua finitude. Para isso, procura realizar uma análise da presença da Metafísica, sobretudo em O Ser e o Nada, com relação ao problema metafísico desenvolvido na obra: o surgimento do nada no ser. Por fim, procura, por meio desta análise, compreender o estatuto da finitude na mesma obra.

Este artigo apresenta um projeto de pesquisa clínica qualitativa, que busca compreender a função da família, seu caráter de transmissão, no que se refere à constituição subjetiva da criança, considerando as profundas transformações contemporâneas das instituições, inclusive da família. Propomos uma discussão sobre a temática em articulação com a educação, abordando-a no contexto social e avançando para perspectiva psicanalítica. Notamos que a noção de função da psicanálise pode nos fazer avançar teórica e clinicamente na tentativa de superar modelos parentais ou (...) de comportamentos que supostamente pudessem garantir um desenvolvimento adequado à criança, permitindo a problematização dos ideais de família marcantes em nosso imaginário social e a reflexão sobre seus possíveis impactos na saúde mental dos aprendentes, familiares e educadores nos contextos educativos. (shrink)

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players’ stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate and blood lactate concentration responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La−] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean and [La−] mean did not differ between 1-H (...) and 2-H. Time in intensity zones of 50–100 %HRmax differed only in 60–70 %HRmax. HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low and among the four outfield players on the court. Substitutions, time of permanence on the court, ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court also were similar between 1-H and 2-H. Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies. (shrink)

RESUMOA audiodescrição consiste em fornecer a pessoas com cegueira e baixa visão a tradução sonora de processos comunicativos visuais e audiovisuais, como programas de TV, obras de artes plásticas ou ópera. Esta atividade se formalizou na década de 1980, nos Estados Unidos, a partir do modelo "descreva o que você vê". Tal proposição, o audiodescritor, empunhando a controversa bandeira da "objetividade", oferece leitura supostamente isenta - e em certa medida protocolar - sobre aquilo que observa. A escola americana prosperou e (...) se disseminou pelo mundo, tornando-se o padrão da AD realizada, inclusive, no Brasil. Recuperando, contudo, a melhor tradição tupiniquim da "transcriação" ou "recriação", defendida pelos poetas concretos, lançaremos, ao menos para as artes visuais, outra proposta metodológica/experimental: o uso de diagramas poéticos sonoros para a realização da AD, compreendida como tradução intersemiótica. Acredita-se que a camada sensível, tão cara às artes, é muitas vezes perdida no tecnicismo da AD normatizada, e que construções diagramáticas talvez possam recuperar esta dimensão através de signos sonoros inteligíveis mas, sobretudo, sensuais. Há, conforme explicamos, certa articulação estética, ética e semiótica que referenda a proposta aqui apresentada.ABSTRACTAudio description is the act of providing blind and low vision people with a sound translation of visual and audiovisual communication programs, such as TV shows, artworks, or operas. This activity was formalized in the 1980s in the United States, using the model: "describe what you see." In this model, the audio describer, wielding the controversial banner of "objectivity," offers a supposedly impartial - and to some extent protocolized - reading of what he/she observes. The American school prospered and spread around the world, becoming the standard for AD, even in Brazil. However, by recovering the best Tupinikin tradition of "trans-creation" or "re-creation," defended by the concrete poets, we raise, at least for the visual arts, another methodological/experimental proposal: using sound poetry diagrams to perform AD, a process known as intersemiotic translation. It is widely believed that the sensitive layer, which is significant in the arts, is often lost in the technicality of standardized AD, and that diagrammatic constructions, can perhaps recover this dimension through sound signs that are intelligible but, above all, sensual. There is, as we explain, a certain aesthetic, ethical, and semiotic articulation that reinforces the proposal presented here. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir, sob o paradigma do Estado Democrático de Direito, em que medida a aplicação da cota de gênero contribui para fomentar a representatividade feminina na política. Utilizam-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o método jurídico-dedutivo. Os resultados sinalizam que não há uma correlação necessária entre o preenchimento da cota de gênero e o incremento do número de candidatas eleitas. Os resultados apontam que a superação dessa desigualdade requer a discussão de outras possibilidades, tais como reserva de vagas (...) no Legislativo, combate às candidaturas femininas fictícias e aplicação obrigatória de recursos nas campanhas femininas. (shrink)

Este artigo discute o sentido pretendido por Adorno com a expressão “derradeira chance do pensamento”. Para tal, busca-se uma aproximação entre alguns elementos presentes nas seções 1 e 41 de Minima moralia, em especial: o intelectual independente e o filósofo-escritor como porta-vozes da crítica à falta de originalidade na produção filosófica.

Este artigo disserta sobre alguns pontos presentes no texto Das Unheimliche, de Sigmund Freud. A partir de uma meta-análise filosófica, procura-se explicitar as intenções não aparentes de Freud com sua análise do termo Unheimliche. Determinadas particularidades da abordagem freudiana são observadas desvendando relações estéticas na construção de sentido do espírito próprio da psicanálise. Uma eventual aproximação dialética com a Teoria Crítica ajudará a identificar, nesse jogo de relações, a importância de conteúdos marginalizados pela história do conhecimento que são revitalizados por (...) Freud. (shrink)

O presente trabalho teve por intenção discutir as mudanças nos planos econômicos, político - via acumulação flexível - e culturais - via discurso pós-moderno, que trazem mudanças para a manifestação cultural do futebol. À luz do materialismo histórico e dialético foi possível compreender que o fenômeno futebol tem passado por um processo de mercadorização cujo grande interesse, no campo do espetáculo, não é proporcionar para os espectadores um futebol arte, como já existiu, mas sim, movimentar uma indústria esportiva bilionária.

Background: The family interview context is permeated by numerous ethical issues which may generate conflicts and impact on organ donation process. Objective: This study aims to analyze the family interview process with a focus on principlist bioethics. Method: This exploratory, descriptive study uses a qualitative approach. The speeches were collected using the following prompt: “Talk about the family interview for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation, from the preparation for the interview to the decision of the family to (...) donate or not.” For the treatment of qualitative data, we chose the method of content analysis and categorical thematic analysis. Participants: The study involved 18 nurses who worked in three municipal organ procurement organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, and who conducted family interviews for organ donation. Ethical considerations: The data were collected after approval of the study by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo. Results: The results were classified into four categories and three subcategories. The categories are the principles adopted by principlist bioethics. Discussion: The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice permeate the family interview and reveal their importance in the organs and tissues donation process for transplantation. Conclusion: The analysis of family interviews for the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation with a focus on principlist bioethics indicates that the process involves many ethical considerations. The elucidation of these aspects contributes to the discussion, training, and improvement of professionals, whether nurses or not, who work in organ procurement organizations and can improve the curriculum of existing training programs for transplant coordinators who pursue ethics in donation and transplantation as their foundation. (shrink)

Este artigo contextualiza o nazismo como projeto de degradação da multiplicidade humana a partir da instrumentalização da língua alemã e consequentemente da linguagem como experiência humana. Tal contextualização se inicia apresentando os projetos amplamente conhecidos do nazismo, que se dão à sombra de Auschwitz, para, em seguida, partir à análise das observações de Victor Klemperer sobre a aplicação da LTI na sociedade alemã no período que envolveu o entreguerras e o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, precisamente na cidade de Dresden, (...) onde Klemperer viveu e repensou sua condição judaica. Por meio do uso estratégico da linguagem, o nazismo interveio nos hábitos da sociedade alemã, o que implicou a adesão popular à ideologia do Terceiro Reich, bem como provocou a legitimação da reprodução do mal naquela sociedade, enquanto projeto pervertido de cidadania. Disso resulta uma compreensão biopolítica da linguagem, na medida em que se reconhece o nazismo como doutrina do fanatismo. (shrink)

In this article, an exposition is made of certain aspects of the thought of Emmanuel Levinas as to philosophy and experimentation. The term experimentation is presented as a circumstance, which is often not taken into account in classical philosophical development. Experimentation comes to light, th..

The proposal presented here opens up the opportunity to discuss what attentive Barthesian eyes can tell us about this early twenty-first century. We discuss the following research question: If actors pay nothing to be on digital social networking sites, and if they are supposed to shape the digital environment, how do companies profit if such an assumed logic remains for them a subordinate place? The answer could not be more Barthesian. The culture of platforms, transformed into nature, mythifies digital life, (...) pointing to the success of the capitalistDoxa: the internet is free and the users are the agents of the network, while in reality, platforms earn millions, and users are manipulated by dishonest product sales strategies and by the spread of fake news. (shrink)

Introduction: The actions taken by the government to deal with the consequences of the coronavirus diseases 2019 pandemic caused different levels of restriction on the mobility of the population. The need to continue offering physical exercise to individuals after stroke became an emergency. However, these individuals may have barriers to adhere to the programs delivered remotely. There is a lack of evidence related to adherence, attendance, safety, and satisfaction of remote exercise programs for this population.Objective: The aim was to evaluate (...) adherence and barriers to attend a remote physical exercise program for individuals after stroke. We aimed to identify adherence and attendance rate of the remote physical exercise program ; to identify the safety of a remote physical exercise program ; and to identify the overall experience to participate in a remote program.Materials and methods: This is a longitudinal study, including 36 stroke survivors who already attended a face-to-face physical exercise program prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The remote physical exercise program included sessions for 2 days/week for a duration of 22 weeks, with a total of 44 sessions, which were delivered asynchrony via recorded video sessions. As outcome measures, we performed two questionnaires to identify attendance, barriers, safety, and overall experience related to the program.Results: The adherence rate was 86. The attendance rate was 19, with a total of 8 sessions. The main barriers for lower attendance rate were as follows: lack of motor skills and physical fitness to workout in 80 reports, followed by no exercise companion in 44 reports. The remote physical program has been shown to be safe, and the overall experience was positive from the perspectives of the participants and the family members.Conclusion: Although the adherence rate was high, the attendance rate was low on the remote physical exercise program. The main barriers to attending the program remotely reflect the need of tailoring individually an asynchrony mode of delivering the sessions to individuals after stroke. Our results also indicate how the COVID-19 impacted the health conditions of stroke survivors. The program was safe, and the overall experience indicated a change in the mental, physical, and social health of individuals after stroke and their family members. (shrink)

In this article, our objective was to analyze the emotions expressed regarding the Covid-19 vaccine in content published in Brazilian Portuguese on TikTok, a video sharing platform that has recently experienced global popularity. Our data set for this investigation was comprised of posts including the hashtag #vacina (vaccine), extracted using the Python TikTokAPI library. Emotions were identified and classified using standardized descriptors from the Human-Machine Interaction Network on Emotion (HUMAINE) and the Core Affect Model. Given the diversity of content on (...) TikTok, videos with emotional content were also separated into categories. Results revealed a prevalence of positive emotions such as contentment, enthusiasm, and interest regarding the vaccines, especially in videos of a personal and informative character. Negative emotions, such as doubt and disapproval, were associated with contextual and strategic factors, with significant expression in humorous and infotainment publications. (shrink)

Esta obra é um espelho prático de humanização dos serviços de saúde, este visto como processo Fala, essencialmente, de como alguns decidiram dedicar parte de seu tempo a outras pessoas, apresentando um projeto de extensão que contou com a participação de mais de mil pessoas Este Projeto, chamado O Caminho, conseguiu ultrapassar as paredes, escadas e corredores de um hospital universitário, tornando possíveis reuniões descontraídas e amorosas, cuidados singelos para pacientes realmente doentes, mas que mostrou operar uma mudança real na (...) vida das pessoas A partir desse universo, esta obra traz questionamentos diversos, num processo de construção de assuntos, e desconstrução de outros, acerca da relação do profissional de saúde com o paciente que é cuidado, as reações ao se saber de uma doença, a religiosidade, a morte, o papel da família em todo esse processo, percorrendo, dessa forma, os caminhos da humanização da saúde Obra mais direcionada a médicos(as), terapeutas ocupacionais, enfermeiros(as), psicólogos(as) e sociólogos(as). (shrink)

Several countries maintain universal health coverage, which implies responsibility to organize delivery formats of healthcare services and products for citizens. In Brazil, the health system has a principle of universal access for more than 30 years, but many deficiencies remain and the country observes a day practice for those seeking judicial decisions to determine provision of healthcare.

ABSTRACT The presence of truth and honesty is a permanent demand, and becomes vital the more committed and intimate a relationship is. Medical practice is relevant to this discussion when one questions whether or not a physician should always tell their patient the truth in the face of a progressive or potentially fatal disease, regarding the diagnosis, outcome, therapy and evolution of the specific disease. From this discussion we aim, with the present report, to look at the truth applicable to (...) the patient‐physician relationship, and its ethical and moral implications; and also to look at where the Brazilian Code of Medical Ethics (BCME) and the medical literature stand regarding this issue. One concludes that there are only two moments not to tell a patient the truth: when the patient does not want to be informed, and when the truth could be iatrogenic. The question now is, when would the truth be iatrogenic? Physicians, in our opinion, would not be able to judge solitarily when the truth might be deleterious to their patient. Alternatively, we propose the appointment of a multidisciplinary commission to help the doctor with such a decision. (shrink)

RESENHA: COMBLIN, José. O Espírito Santo e a tradição de Jesus . São Paulo: Nhanduti, 2012.

Resumo:Este artigo discute a leitura que faz o estudo introdutório de Luiz Henrique Lopes dos Santos (1992) dos aforismos iniciais do Tractatus. Tal leitura vê, nesses aforismos iniciais, as consequências ontológicas de um argumento transcendental cuja premissa é a concepção de figuração desenvolvida nos aforismos subsequentes. Em contraste com essa leitura, aqui é defendido que se possa entender esses aforismos iniciais como uma investigação de toda normatividade, explicitando o vínculo entre necessidade e totalidade. Assim se aponta para uma nova (...) perspectiva de interpretação do Tractatus e de seus vínculos com a tradição crítica. Abstract:This article discusses the reading made in the introductory study by Luiz Henrique Lopes dos Santos (1992) of the initial aphorisms of the Tractatus. Such a reading holds, in these initial aphorisms, the ontological consequences of a transcendental argument whose premise is the conception of picturing developed in the subsequent aphorisms. In contrast to this reading, it is argued here that these initial aphorisms can be understood as an investigation of all normativity, making explicit the link between necessity and totality. Thus, the present paper points out to a new perspective of interpretation of the Tractatus and its links with the critical tradition. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as proposições de Martin Buber (1878-1965) no campo da Filosofia da Educação mediante a análise de um texto específico de sua vasta produção, a saber: uma conferência realizada em 1929, intitulada Educação para a comunidade, que integra o livro Sobre comunidade, uma coletânea de textos de Buber organizada por Marcelo Dascal e Oscar Zimmermann.

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the logics of evidence and truth $$LET_{K}^+$$ and $$LET_{F}^+$$ together with sound, complete, and decidable six-valued deterministic semantics for them. These logics extend the logics $$LET_{K}$$ and $$LET_{F}^-$$ with rules of propagation of classicality, which are inferences that express how the classicality operator $${\circ }$$ is transmitted from less complex to more complex sentences, and vice-versa. The six-valued semantics here proposed extends the 4 values of Belnap-Dunn logic with 2 more values (...) that intend to represent (positive and negative) reliable information. A six-valued non-deterministic semantics for $$LET_{K}$$ is obtained by means of Nmatrices based on swap structures, and the six-valued semantics for $$LET_{K}^+$$ is then obtained by imposing restrictions on the semantics of $$LET_{K}$$. These restrictions correspond exactly to the rules of propagation of classicality that extend $$LET_{K}$$. The logic $$LET_{F}^+$$ is obtained as the implication-free fragment of $$LET_{K}^+$$. We also show that the 6 values of $$LET_{K}^+$$ and $$LET_{F}^+$$ define a lattice structure that extends the lattice L4 defined by the Belnap-Dunn four-valued logic with the 2 additional values mentioned above, intuitively interpreted as positive and negative reliable information. Finally, we also show that $$LET_{K}^+$$ is Blok-Pigozzi algebraizable and that its implication-free fragment $$LET_{F}^+$$ coincides with the degree-preserving logic of the involutive Stone algebras. (shrink)

The standard approach for abstractive text summarization is to use an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder is responsible for capturing the general meaning from the source text, and the decoder is in charge of generating the final text summary. While this approach can compose summaries that resemble human writing, some may contain unrelated or unfaithful information. This problem is called “hallucination” and it represents a serious issue in legal texts as legal practitioners rely on these summaries when looking for precedents, used (...) to support legal arguments. Another concern is that legal documents tend to be very long and may not be fed entirely to the encoder. We propose our method called LegalSumm for addressing these issues by creating different “views” over the source text, training summarization models to generate independent versions of summaries, and applying entailment module to judge how faithful these candidate summaries are with respect to the source text. We show that the proposed approach can select candidate summaries that improve ROUGE scores in all metrics evaluated. (shrink)

We introduce a methodology whereby an arbitrary logic system L can be enriched with temporal features to create a new system T(L). The new system is constructed by combining L with a pure propositional temporal logic T (such as linear temporal logic with Since and Until) in a special way. We refer to this method as adding a temporal dimension to L or just temporalising L. We show that the logic system T(L) preserves several properties of the original temporal logic (...) like soundness, completeness, decidability, conservativeness and separation over linear flows of time. We then focus on the temporalisation of first-order logic, and a comparison is make with other first-order approaches to the handling of time. (shrink)

Este trabalho discute os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado cujo objetivo foi propor um modo de trabalhar a sociologia no ensino médio através de uma de suas vertentes contemporâneas: a de Zygmunt Bauman. Tal perspectiva foi escolhida devido à complexidade apresentada pelo atual estágio da modernidade, que impacta fortemente as sociedades contemporâneas. A maneira como Bauman revisa a contemporaneidade pode ser um caminho profícuo para que os estudantes compreendam melhor os seus próprios dilemas na medida em que possam relacionar (...) o conteúdo das ciências sociais com o seu cotidiano. Partindo do pressuposto que o conteúdo ministrado nas aulas de Sociologia no ensino médio deve estar em sintonia com as demandas atuais das ciências sociais, a pesquisa buscou compreender quais os sentidos em que tem se baseado a disciplina. Para tanto, procura-se mostrar que a relação entre disciplina escolar, demandas das ciências sociais e contexto social esteve presente nos diversos períodos em que a Sociologia foi lecionada. A partir do exposto, sugere-se a adaptação de temas e conceitos pertencentes à sociologia contemporânea, sobretudo baseando-se em Bauman, para ensinar ciências sociais aos adolescentes, visando que esses possam melhor compreender o mundo, a si e às relações sociais que os cercam. (shrink)

Presents spiritual reflections, thoughts, stories, and ideas intended to inspire readers to realize the immeasurable value of every moment of life, and to encourage them to conduct their lives accordingly.

A long history of extractive industries and activities have shaped the societies of northern Mozambique, and the Cabo Delgado province in particular. For centuries, the growing international demand on local resources had a great impact on the northern micro-societies. The demand for cheap labour and natural resources, ranging from ivory and cotton, to timber, rubies, land, gas and more, involved thousands of local actors in its extraction, reproducing systems of local power. The persistence of poverty, inequality and conflicts, as well (...) as simmering and sometimes grand-scale violence, fits into a long-term trend of extractivism. Through a historical approach and field observations, we focus on the political economy of extracting natural resources. We point out the persisting basic patterns of extractivism that accompanied Mozambique's integration into global markets, and continued or even deepened, in the post-independence period. These activities are oriented towards foreign markets. They are instigated by foreign investment, but invariably carried out in collaboration with a chain of national gatekeepers. In a clientelist system, local elites resort to their proximity to the state to reproduce their power, often at the expense of state expropriation. Weak state institutions have the functional effect of reproducing the elites, also serving the interests of extractivist capital. It is, however, a system with many and profound contradictions, producing conflict and violence, which also recurrently put those interests at risk. (shrink)

The standard approach for abstractive text summarization is to use an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder is responsible for capturing the general meaning from the source text, and the decoder is in charge of generating the final text summary. While this approach can compose summaries that resemble human writing, some may contain unrelated or unfaithful information. This problem is called “hallucination” and it represents a serious issue in legal texts as legal practitioners rely on these summaries when looking for precedents, used (...) to support legal arguments. Another concern is that legal documents tend to be very long and may not be fed entirely to the encoder. We propose our method called LegalSumm for addressing these issues by creating different “views” over the source text, training summarization models to generate independent versions of summaries, and applying entailment module to judge how faithful these candidate summaries are with respect to the source text. We show that the proposed approach can select candidate summaries that improve ROUGE scores in all metrics evaluated. (shrink)

No cinema brasileiro recente, o diálogo entre o documentário e a ficção tem merecido destaque, com produções de baixo orçamento e ideias originais. É o caso de Santiago (João Moreira Salles, 2007) e Viajo Porque Preciso, Volto Porque Te Amo (Marcelo Gomes, Karim Aïnouz, 2009), filmes que trabalham esse diálogo de forma sutil e diegética, ressignificando imagens de um arquivo próprio, pessoal.

The occurrence of oscillatory behaviours in living cells can be viewed as a visible consequence of stable, regulatory homeostatic cycles. Therefore, they may be used as experimental windows on the underlying physiological mechanisms. Recent studies show that growing pollen tubes are an excellent biological model for these purposes. They unite experimental simplicity with clear oscillatory patterns of both structural and temporal features, most being measurable during real‐time in live cells. There is evidence that these cellular oscillators involve an integrated input (...) of plasma membrane ion fluxes, and a cytosolic choreography of protons, calcium and, most likely, potassium and chloride. In turn, these can create positive feedback regulation loops that are able to generate and self‐sustain a number of spatial and temporal patterns. Other features, including cell wall assembly and rheology, turgor, and the cytoskeleton, play important roles and are targets or modulators of ion dynamics. Many of these features have similarities with other cell types, notably with apical‐growing cells. Pollen tubes may thus serve as a powerful model for exploring the basis of cell growth and morphogenesis. BioEssays 23:86–94, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

We provide a model in which students must choose whether or not to cheat on a course exam. By assuming that the moral cost of acting dishonestly decreases as the number of other people who behave in the same way increases, our model explains one important channel by which unethical behavior of other individuals can influence observers’ behavior. Through the use of the Global Games approach of equilibrium selection, we build a framework that provides the micro-foundations of peer effects on (...) academic dishonesty and shows how better student technology of cheating and higher disutility of effort make the cheating equilibrium more likely to be selected. By extending the model, we find that the peer effect strength is not affected by the level of homogeneity of the cohort, but decreases in the size of the class. Our approach may be seen as an important step towards reduced-form models of peer effects on dishonest behavior. (shrink)

But never let it be doubted that depression, in its extreme form, is madness. (Styron, 1990, p. 62)There is nothing wrong with our biology or our intelligence; sometimes we are just stuck. (Cvetkov...

The logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs, for short) are paraconsistent logics (that is, logics containing contradictory but non-trivial theories) having a consistency connective which allows to recover the ex falso quodlibet principle in a controlled way. The aim of this paper is considering a novel semantical approach to first-order LFIs based on Tarskian structures defined over swap structures, a special class of multialgebras. The proposed semantical framework generalizes previous aproaches to quantified LFIs presented in the literature. The case of QmbC, (...) the simpler quantified LFI expanding classical logic, will be analyzed in detail. An axiomatic extension of QmbC called QLFI1o is also studied, which is equivalent to the quantified version of da Costa and D'Ottaviano 3-valued logic J3. The semantical structures for this logic turn out to be Tarkian structures based on twist structures. The expansion of QmbC and QLFI1o with a standard equality predicate is also considered. (shrink)

From the early to mid-1970s, Michel Foucault posited that power consists of a relation rather than a substance and that this relation is comprised of unequal forces engaged in a warlike struggle against each other, resulting invariably in the domination of some forces over others. This understanding of power, which he retrospectively dubbed `Nietzsche's hypothesis' and `the model of war', underpinned his well-known analyses of disciplinary power. Yet, Foucault in his Collège de France course from the academic year 1975-6, `Society (...) Must Be Defended', suddenly began to call into question this understanding and his doubts about it did not abate well into the late 1970s. In this article, we suggest that his militant politics in the early 1970s sustained his adherence to the war model and that his more cautious political attitude later in the decade underpinned his suspicions about this model. Key Words: biopolitics • Henri de Boulainvilliers • Michel Foucault • Thomas Hobbes • militancy • F. W. Nietzsche • politics • power • race • war. (shrink)