Oscar de Beaux was professor of Zoology at Genova University and then director of Civil Museum of Natural History in the same town. The first contributions of de Beaux which included elements of biological ethics concerned the european bison of Bialowieza and the brown bear of the Alps between 1923–1929. In 1930 de Beaux published his most important study called “Biological ethics: an attempt to arouse a naturalistic conscience”, translated also in german (1932) and in english (1933). According to Oscar (...) de Beaux, biological ethics is the study and definition of man's moral position before the living beings which do not belong to the humane race, beginning with the morale premise that man was not able to create the species. With these outlook, man takes on a decisively active and intelligent position regarding the problem of conserving nature and its resources; on the basis of this definition of morality man becomes the wise administrator of life on earth. (shrink)

Vladimir Jankelevitch nato nel 1903 da genitori russi nel 1933 consegue il dottorato con due tesi, un a fondamentale e L'odissee de la con science dans la derniere philosophie de Schelling, l'altra complementare s'intitola Valeur et signification de la mauvaise con science. Queste opere contengono gia molti spunti e dimostrano una certa sensibilita di moralista. Intanto dopo aver insegnato in vari licei arrivo la seconda guerra mondiale e nonostante faccia parte della Resistenza contro i tedeschi, continua a scrivere: a Lione (...) nel 1942 vengono pubblicate Du mensogne e Le nocturne. Scrive nelle sue opere che quelli erano tempi in cui si combatteva per una speranza assurda e contro ogni buon senso non si voleva capitolare; tempi in cui gli eroi della resistenza sapevano morire senza parlare, nonostante i piu feroci supplizi. Autore prolifero fu anche musicologo e strumentista. Jankelevitch vede la dignita dell'uomo nella sua azione, sottolineando l'importanza della liberta come fondamento della soprannaturalita umana, in quanto ci permette di superare le tendenze della nostra natura e di dedicarci all'ideale dell'amore. In una trattazione morale, si presuppongono le caratteristiche della volonta, la sua liberta il suo potere e i suoi limiti considerazioni piuttosto a carattere fenomenologico. L'attenzione dell'autore si concentra invece sull'analisi dell'agire umano, le sue qualita intime, dunque invece di vedere la dottrina morale gia costituita la vede nel suo rapportarsi a questo centro soggettivo che e la volonta. (shrink)

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Una risposta alla prolusione di Zeller.-Della libertà morale.-I problemi della filosofia della storia.-In memoria del Manifesto dei comunisti.- Del materialismo storico.-Discorrendo di socialismo e di filosofia.-Da un secolo all'altro.-Storia, filosofia della storia, sociologia e materialismo storico.

I argue in this paper that Descartes's goal with his doctrine of the continuous recreation of the world is to offer a unified and ultimate causal explanation for the possibility of motion and duration in the world, the permanence of created things, and the continuation of their motion and duration. This unified explanation seems to be the only one which, according to Descartes, satisfies the two basic requirements any ultímate cause should meet: the cause must be active and not being (...) in motion itself. God's recreations of the world is Descartes's solution to this search. I also show in this article, on the one hand, that this doctrine successfully overcomes, in particular, the four major conflicts which threaten its consistency, and, on the other, the new meaning which the laws of nature acquire under the doctrine of the continuous recreation of the world. /// En este artículo defiendo que la pretensión principal de Descartes al proponer la doctrina de la recreación continua del mundo es encontrar una explicación unificada y última de la posibilidad de movimiento y duración en el mundo, de la permanencia de las cosas creadas y de la continuación del movimiento. Esta explicación unificada es la única que, según Descartes, satisface los dos requisitos que parece buscar en la explicación causal última del movimiento: la causa debe ser activa y no debe estar ella misma en movimiento. Las recreaciones del mundo constituyen esa causa. Por una parte, también muestro cómo esta solución supera, en concreto, los cuatro conflictos mayores que amenazan su consistencia, y, por otra, el nuevo significado que las leyes de la naturaleza adquieren en consonancia con esta doctrina de la recreación continua del mundo. (shrink)