Уперше із залученням методу синтезу на підставі спадщини українських мислителів 1840-х - 1970-х років проаналізовано особливості функціонування філософорелігійної ідеї Бога та ідеї істинності й повноти релігійних комунікацій. Особливістю методологічних розмислів є увага до різноманітних проявів темпоритміки - одного з дієвих чинників у дослідженні окреслених ідей. Автор стверджує, що метод синтезу базується на гармонії релігійних комунікацій1 та міждисциплінарного простору.

Ghazzālī, 1058-1111; Kīmiyā-yi saʻādat -Criticism and interpretation ; Ghazzālī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, -1126; Savāniḥ -Criticism and interpretation ; Ghazzālī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, -1126; Baḥr al-muḥabbat fī asrār al-muvaddat fītafsīr Sūrah-i Yūsuf -Criticism.

Translation and interpretation of selected Hadith on Islamic ethics and coduct.

Исследование - это попытка выявить социокультурные основания, предпосылки и условия превращения человека традиционного восточного общества в современную личность. Для специалистов.

Collected essays chiefly on religious life in Islam.

On modern philosophy, with reference to the ideology of Sir Muhammad Iqbal, 1877-1938.

Collected interviews of philosophers of 20th century, chiefly about the modern philosophy and its theories.

На підставі спадщини українських мислителів проаналізовано єрархічність у контексті двох філософорелігійних ідей - Божества і системи Його наймень, а також ідеї Бога в структурі людини та світобудови. З'ясовано, як функціонує єрархічність у руслі релігійних комунікацій, міждисциплінарного простору. Осмислено семантичні рівні єрархічності та вияви гармонії. Робиться висновок про системну закономірність процесів і про перспективність пошуку нових концепцій.

This paper explains through conceptualization of the texts how methodological factors ensure realization of the well-considered ideas through the continuous synchronization with the interdisciplinary space, religious communications. It reveals the concomitant involvement of the "few processes simultaneity" including the complex of temporithmics. The proposed subject has not actually been studied from the heuristic standpoint. And, in the meantime, without conceptualization of how, to what extent and under what emerged situations methodological factors interconnect episodically, in segments or totally it is difficult (...) to explain the very essence of the philosophical-religious ideas. Speaking about the methods and the ideas two types of temporithmics remain unstudied till present time. However, there are reasons to assume that under the emerged circumstances the complex of temporithmics manifested in the form of harmony or symphony takes root naturally. At the same time the well-considered interconnections create possibilities for the "few processes simultaneity"1 that ensures consistency of the differently measured processes. And this becomes one of the prerequisites for functioning of the analyzed ideas. Little-studied remain to be the intrastructural characteristics of each idea; in the meantime wih periodical situationalness they correlate with the said complex of temporithmics. Unexplored is also the issue how the consistent ambiguities are connected with the autonomous status of each of the philosohical-religious idea. (shrink)

На основі спадщини українських філософів 1860-1930-х років уперше розкрито специфіку функціонування філософорелігійних ідей у взаємодії з методологією їх увиразнення. У статті автор розглядає ідею Бога крізь систему Його наймень, а також стосовно структури людини та світобудови, використовуючи етимолого-семантичний, структурний і функціональний підходи. Автор доходить висновку, що методологія дослідження ідеї Бога є поліваріантною.

На підставі аналізу праць українських мислителів 40-х рр. ХІХ ст. - 50-х рр. ХХ ст. осмислено ідею Бога щодо системи наймень і щодо структури людини та світобудови. Зазначено, що з історико-філософського погляду використання етимологічно-семантичного та еволюційного методів дозволяє стверджувати: ідея Бога містить у собі гебрайські та давньогрецькі значення і в процесі свого становлення зазнала метаморфоз із проявами філософорелігійного синтезу.

Critical study on with special reference to peripatetics, Avicenna, 980-1037.

Autor se z hlediska marxistické filozofie a metodologie zabývá revolucí v biologii ve vztahu k filozofii, teoretizací současné biologie, problémem biologické evoluce, druhem jako základní jednotkou evoluce, problémy klasifikace v biologii a v závěru klade otázku : "věk biologie" nebo ekologická katastrofa?

Stem cells are likely to be used as an alternate source of biological material for neural transplantation to treat Parkinson’s disease in the not too distant future. Among the several ethical criteria that must be fulfilled before proceeding with clinical research, a favourable benefit to risk ratio must be obtained. The potential benefits to the participant and to society are evaluated relative to the risks in an attempt to offer the participants a reasonable choice. Through examination of preclinical studies transplanting (...) stem cells in animals and the transplantation of fetal tissue in patients with Parkinson’s disease, a current set of potential benefits and risks for neural transplantation of stem cells in clinical research of Parkinson’s disease are derived. The potential benefits to research participants undergoing stem cell transplantation are relief of parkinsonian symptoms and decreasing doses of parkinsonian drugs. Transplantation of stem cells as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease may benefit society by providing knowledge that can be used to help determine better treatments in the future. The risks to research participants undergoing stem cell transplantation include tumour formation, inappropriate stem cell migration, immune rejection of transplanted stem cells, haemorrhage during neurosurgery and postoperative infection. Although some of these risks are general to neurosurgical transplantation and may not be reduced for participants, the potential risk of tumour formation and inappropriate stem cell migration must be minimised before obtaining a favourable potential benefit to risk calculus and to provide participants with a reasonable choice before they enrol in clinical studies. (shrink)

Objectives: To investigate the extent to which family physicians in Lithuania inform their patients about possible side-effects when a common treatment is proposed. To examine the relation between physicians’ estimation of the severity and frequency of these side-effects and their willingness to inform patients. To identify the reasons for informing or not informing the patients.Methods: A questionnaire, presenting three hypothetical cases involving decisions about ordinary medical treatments and a series of general questions about information about side-effects, was distributed to 500 (...) Lithuanian GPs. The response rate was 42%.Results: The respondents differed considerably with regard to their willingness to inform patients about side-effects, but they informed their patients significantly more if the side effect was considered to be common and serious, than in cases when it was considered to be rare and trivial. The majority of the respondents informed their patients primarily to enable them to react appropriately to the side-effects in question. The major reason for not informing was that the side-effects were considered too rare to be relevant to the patient’s decision-making.Conclusion: Information, given to patients about side-effects by Lithuanian GPs, is not in accordance with the principle of respect for patients’ autonomy and requirements of Lithuanian legislation. (shrink)

In ecology, if the considered area or space is large, the spatial distribution of individuals of a given plant species is never homogeneous; plants form different patches. The homogeneity change in space or in time (in particular, the related change-point problem) is an important research subject in mathematical statistics. In the paper, for a given data system along a straight line, two areas are considered, where the data of each area come from different discrete distributions, with unknown parameters. In the (...) paper a method is presented for the estimation of the distribution change-point between both areas and an estimate is given for the distributions separated by the obtained change-point. The solution of this problem will be based on the maximum likelihood method. Furthermore, based on an adaptation of the well-known bootstrap resampling, a method for the estimation of the so-called change-interval is also given. The latter approach is very general, since it not only applies in the case of the maximum-likelihood estimation of the change-point, but it can be also used starting from any other change-point estimation known in the ecological literature. The proposed model is validated against typical ecological situations, providing at the same time a verification of the applied algorithms. (shrink)