Results for 'Schweizer, Paul'

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  1. Mind/consciousness dualism in sankhya-yoga philosophy.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 (4):845-859.
  2.  24
    Mind/Consciousness Dualism in Sānkhya-Yoga Philosophy.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 (4):845-859.
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  3. Computation in Physical Systems: A Normative Mapping Account.Paul Schweizer - 2019 - In Matteo Vincenzo D'Alfonso & Don Berkich (eds.), On the Cognitive, Ethical, and Scientific Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence. Springer Verlag. pp. 27-47.
    The relationship between abstract formal procedures and the activities of actual physical systems has proved to be surprisingly subtle and controversial, and there are a number of competing accounts of when a physical system can be properly said to implement a mathematical formalism and hence perform a computation. I defend an account wherein computational descriptions of physical systems are high-level normative interpretations motivated by our pragmatic concerns. Furthermore, the criteria of utility and success vary according to our diverse purposes and (...)
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  4. Sāṃkhya-Yoga Philosophy and the Mind-Body Problem.Paul Schweizer - 2019 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 124 (1):232-242.
    The relationship between the physical body and the conscious human mind has been a deeply problematic topic for centuries. Physicalism is the 'orthodox' metaphysical stance in contemporary Western thought, according to which reality is exclusively physical/material in nature. However, in the West, theoretical dissatisfaction with this type of approach has historically lead to Cartesian-style dualism, wherein mind and body are thought to belong to distinct metaphysical realms. In the current discussion I compare and contrast this standard Western approach with an (...)
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  5. Triviality Arguments Reconsidered.Paul Schweizer - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (2):287-308.
    Opponents of the computational theory of mind have held that the theory is devoid of explanatory content, since whatever computational procedures are said to account for our cognitive attributes will also be realized by a host of other ‘deviant’ physical systems, such as buckets of water and possibly even stones. Such ‘triviality’ claims rely on a simple mapping account of physical implementation. Hence defenders of CTM traditionally attempt to block the trivialization critique by advocating additional constraints on the implementation relation. (...)
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  6. Cognitive Computation sans Representation.Paul Schweizer - 2017 - In Thomas M. Powers (ed.), Philosophy and Computing: Essays in epistemology, philosophy of mind, logic, and ethics. Cham: Springer. pp. 65-84.
    The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) holds that cognitive processes are essentially computational, and hence computation provides the scientific key to explaining mentality. The Representational Theory of Mind (RTM) holds that representational content is the key feature in distinguishing mental from non-mental systems. I argue that there is a deep incompatibility between these two theoretical frameworks, and that the acceptance of CTM provides strong grounds for rejecting RTM. The focal point of the incompatibility is the fact that representational content is (...)
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  7. The Externalist Foundations of a Truly Total Turing Test.Paul Schweizer - 2012 - Minds and Machines 22 (3):191-212.
    The paper begins by examining the original Turing Test (2T) and Searle’s antithetical Chinese Room Argument, which is intended to refute the 2T in particular, as well as any formal or abstract procedural theory of the mind in general. In the ensuing dispute between Searle and his own critics, I argue that Searle’s ‘internalist’ strategy is unable to deflect Dennett’s combined robotic-systems reply and the allied Total Turing Test (3T). Many would hold that the 3T marks the culmination of the (...)
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  8. The truly total Turing test.Paul Schweizer - 1998 - Minds and Machines 8 (2):263-272.
    The paper examines the nature of the behavioral evidence underlying attributions of intelligence in the case of human beings, and how this might be extended to other kinds of cognitive system, in the spirit of the original Turing Test. I consider Harnad's Total Turing Test, which involves successful performance of both linguistic and robotic behavior, and which is often thought to incorporate the very same range of empirical data that is available in the human case. However, I argue that the (...)
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    A syntactical approach to modality.Paul Schweizer - 1992 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 21 (1):1 - 31.
    The systems T N and T M show that necessity can be consistently construed as a predicate of syntactical objects, if the expressive/deductive power of the system is deliberately engineered to reflect the power of the original object language operator. The system T N relies on salient limitations on the expressive power of the language L N through the construction of a quotational hierarchy, while the system T Mrelies on limiting the scope of the modal axioms schemas to the sublanguage (...)
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  10. Intentionality, qualia, and mind/brain identity.Paul Schweizer - 1994 - Minds and Machines 4 (3):259-82.
    The paper examines the status of conscious presentation with regard to mental content and intentional states. I argue that conscious presentation of mental content should be viewed on the model of a secondary quality, as a subjectiveeffect of the microstructure of an underlying brain state. The brain state is in turn viewed as the instantiation of an abstract computational state, with the result that introspectively accessible content is interpreted as a presentation of the associated computational state realized by the brain. (...)
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  11. Advaita and the philosophy of consciousness without an object.Paul Schweizer - 2020 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 125 (No. 1):146-154.
    The paper explores Śaṅkara's position on autonomous consciousness, or cit, as the fundamental reality. As such, cit transcends subject/object duality, and Śaṅkara holds that consciousness is ultimately nirviṣayaka or non-intentional. I compare and contrast the Advaita view with the contemporary Phenomenological account, wherein consciousness is held to be essentially intentional, so that consciousness is always of or about some object or content, and where consciousness without an object is deemed conceptually impossible.
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  12.  41
    Necessity viewed as a semantical predicate.Paul Schweizer - 1987 - Philosophical Studies 52 (1):33 - 47.
  13.  22
    Quantified Quinean S.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 22 (6):589 - 605.
  14.  84
    The Elimination of Meaning in Computational Theories of Mind.Paul Schweizer - 2009 - In Alexander Hieke & Hannes Leitgeb (eds.), Reduction: Between the Mind and the Brain. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag. pp. 117-134.
  15.  37
    Blind grasping and Fregean senses.Paul Schweizer - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 62 (3):263 - 287.
    The foregoing considerations have shown that on the Fregean model, no descriptive rendition of the meaning of a word, and no feature of the subject's psychological state, will be sufficient to answer the question of how reference takes place. Reference is determined by an independent semantical object, and the mind is limited by its perceptual access to this external semantical realm. The psychological and epistemic states of the language user will be causally influenced by this perceptual contact, and such causal (...)
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  16.  61
    Consciousness and computation.Paul Schweizer - 2002 - Minds and Machines 12 (1):143-144.
  17. Artificial Brains and Hybrid Minds.Paul Schweizer - 2017 - In Vincent C. Müller (ed.), Philosophy and theory of artificial intelligence 2017. Berlin: Springer. pp. 81-91.
    The paper develops two related thought experiments exploring variations on an ‘animat’ theme. Animats are hybrid devices with both artificial and biological components. Traditionally, ‘components’ have been construed in concrete terms, as physical parts or constituent material structures. Many fascinating issues arise within this context of hybrid physical organization. However, within the context of functional/computational theories of mentality, demarcations based purely on material structure are unduly narrow. It is abstract functional structure which does the key work in characterizing the respective (...)
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  18.  24
    Indian Philosophy of Language.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - International Philosophical Quarterly 33 (3):373-376.
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  19.  47
    Momentary consciousness and buddhist epistemology.Paul Schweizer - 1994 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 22 (1):81-91.
  20.  64
    Physicalism, functionalism and conscious thought.Paul Schweizer - 1996 - Minds and Machines 6 (1):61-87.
    In this paper, I provide further elaboration of my theory of conscious experience, in response to the criticisms made by David Cole, and I directly address a number of the issues he raises. In particular, I examine Cole's claim that functionalism rather than neurophysiology is the theoretical key to consciousness. I argue that weak type-physicalism provides an analysis which is more fine grained, makes weaker assumptions, and allows more scope for empirical methods.
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  21.  16
    Siderits, Mark, "Indian Philosphy of Language". [REVIEW]Paul Schweizer - 1993 - International Philosophical Quarterly 33:373-376.
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  22. Realization, Reduction And Psychological Autonomy.Schweizer Paul - 2001 - Synthese 126 (3):383-405.
    It is often thought that the computational paradigm provides a supporting case for the theoretical autonomy of the science of mind. However, I argue that computation is in fact incompatible with this alleged aspect of intentional explanation, and hence the foundational assumptions of orthodox cognitive science are mutually unstable. The most plausible way to relieve these foundational tensions is to relinquish the idea that the psychological level enjoys some special form of theoretical sovereignty. So, in contrast to well known antireductionist (...)
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  23.  11
    The International Thought of Herbert Butterfield.Karl W. Schweizer & Paul Sharp (eds.) - 2007 - Palgrave.
    Sir Herbert Butterfield was one of the leading British historians of the twentieth century. A diplomatic historian by training, he branched out into a variety of fields including historiography, the history of science and international theory. The International Thought of Sir Herbert Butterfield brings together material from Butterfield's previously unpublished papers and a critical commentary from two leading Butterfield scholars: Sharp and Schweizer. They recover Butterfield's contribution to international thought, particularly his role as a founding member of the British Committee (...)
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    Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler: Schweizer Arzt, Philosoph, Pädagoge und Politiker.Max Widmer - 1980 - Basel: Futurum-Verlag. Edited by Franz Lohri.
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    Christian Simon, Reisen, Sammeln und Forschen. Die Basler Naturhistoriker Paul und Fritz Sarasin_, (Studien zur Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Basel, Neue Folge 10) Basel: Schwabe 2015. / Bernhard C. Schär,; _Tropenliebe. Schweizer Naturforscher und niederländischer Imperialismus in Südostasien um 1900, (Globalgeschichte 20) Frankfurt/M.: Campus 2015. [REVIEW]Pierre-Louis Blanchard - 2016 - Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 39 (1):106-108.
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    The Pyrrhonian Modes.Paul Woodruff - 2010 - In Richard Bett (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 208.
  27. Descartes’s Anti-Transparency and the Need for Radical Doubt.Elliot Samuel Paul - 2018 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 5 (41):1083-1129.
    Descartes is widely portrayed as the arch proponent of “the epistemological transparency of thought” (or simply, “Transparency”). The most promising version of this view—Transparency-through-Introspection—says that introspecting (i.e., inwardly attending to) a thought guarantees certain knowledge of that thought. But Descartes rejects this view and provides numerous counterexamples to it. I argue that, instead, Descartes’s theory of self-knowledge is just an application of his general theory of knowledge. According to his general theory, certain knowledge is acquired only through clear and distinct (...)
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  28. Matter and Consciousness.Paul M. Churchland - 1985 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
    In _Matter and Consciousness_, Paul Churchland presents a concise and contemporary overview of the philosophical issues surrounding the mind and explains the main theories and philosophical positions that have been proposed to solve them. Making the case for the relevance of theoretical and experimental results in neuroscience, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence for the philosophy of mind, Churchland reviews current developments in the cognitive sciences and offers a clear and accessible account of the connections to philosophy of mind. For (...)
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  29.  74
    Weakness of will, akrasia and the neuropsychiatry of decision-making: an interdisciplinary perspective.Annemarie Kalis, Andreas Mojzisch, Sophie Schweizer & Stefan Kaiser - 2008 - Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience 8 (4):402-17.
    This article focuses on both daily forms of weakness of will as discussed in the philosophical debate and psychopathological phenomena as impairments of decision making. We argue that both descriptions of dysfunctional decision making can be organized within a common theoretical framework that divides the decision making process in three different stages: option generation, option selection, and action initiation. We first discuss our theoretical framework, focusing on option generation as an aspect that has been neglected by previous models. In the (...)
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  30. Models of Decision-Making: Simplifying Choices.Paul Weirich - 2014 - Cambridge University Press.
    The options in a decision problem generally have outcomes with common features. Putting aside the common features simplifies deliberations, but the simplification requires a philosophical justification that this book provides.
     
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  31. The Work of the Imagination.Paul L. Harris - 2000 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    This book demonstrates how children's imagination makes a continuing contribution to their cognitive and emotional development.
  32. Thomas Reid and the common sense school.Paul Wood - 2015 - In Aaron Garrett & James Anthony Harris (eds.), Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, Volume I: Morals, Politics, Art, Religion. Oxford University Press.
     
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  33.  9
    Die Unsicherheit unserer Wirklichkeit: ein Gespräch über den Konstruktivismus.Paul Watzlawick & Franz Kreuzer - 1989 - München: Piper. Edited by Franz Kreuzer.
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  34. Some Critical Remarks on Definitions and on Philosophical and Logical Ideals.Paul Weingartner - 1996 - In Piergiorgio Odifreddi (ed.), Kreiseliana: About and Around Georg Kreisel. A K Peters. pp. 417--438.
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  35. Postscript : on writing the history of Scottish philosophy in the Age of Enlightenment.Paul Wood - 2015 - In Aaron Garrett & James Anthony Harris (eds.), Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, Volume I: Morals, Politics, Art, Religion. Oxford University Press.
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  36. Objectivity and a comparison of methodological scenario approaches for climate change research.Elisabeth A. Lloyd & Vanessa J. Schweizer - 2014 - Synthese 191 (10):2049-2088.
    Climate change assessments rely upon scenarios of socioeconomic developments to conceptualize alternative outcomes for global greenhouse gas emissions. These are used in conjunction with climate models to make projections of future climate. Specifically, the estimations of greenhouse gas emissions based on socioeconomic scenarios constrain climate models in their outcomes of temperatures, precipitation, etc. Traditionally, the fundamental logic of the socioeconomic scenarios—that is, the logic that makes them plausible—is developed and prioritized using methods that are very subjective. This introduces a fundamental (...)
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  37. Philosophy of mathematics: selected readings.Paul Benacerraf & Hilary Putnam (eds.) - 1983 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The twentieth century has witnessed an unprecedented 'crisis in the foundations of mathematics', featuring a world-famous paradox (Russell's Paradox), a challenge to 'classical' mathematics from a world-famous mathematician (the 'mathematical intuitionism' of Brouwer), a new foundational school (Hilbert's Formalism), and the profound incompleteness results of Kurt Gödel. In the same period, the cross-fertilization of mathematics and philosophy resulted in a new sort of 'mathematical philosophy', associated most notably (but in different ways) with Bertrand Russell, W. V. Quine, and Gödel himself, (...)
  38. Cross-cultural encounters: the co-production of science and literature in mid-Victorian periodicals.Paul White - 2002 - In Roger Luckhurst & Josephine McDonagh (eds.), Transactions and encounters: science and culture in the nineteenth century. New York: Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave. pp. 75--95.
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  39. Aspects of the Concept of Potentiality in Chemistry.Paul Needham & Robin Hendry - 2018 - In Kristina Engelhard & Michael Quante (eds.), Handbook of Potentiality. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 375-400.
  40. How you talk is how you think; how you think is how you understand.Paul Webb - 2019 - In Jan Visser & Muriel Visser (eds.), Seeking Understanding: The Lifelong Pursuit to Build the Scientific Mind. Boston: Brill | Sense.
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  41.  4
    Montesquieu 250 Jahre "Geist der Gesetze": Beiträge aus politischer Wissenschaft, Jurisprudenz und Romanistik.Paul-Ludwig Weinacht (ed.) - 1999 - Baden-Baden: Nomos.
    Zusammenfassungen der Referate in französischer Sprache.
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  42.  14
    Rational Choice Using Imprecise Probabilities and Utilities.Paul Weirich - 2021 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    An agent often does not have precise probabilities or utilities to guide resolution of a decision problem. I advance a principle of rationality for making decisions in such cases. To begin, I represent the doxastic and conative state of an agent with a set of pairs of a probability assignment and a utility assignment. Then I support a decision principle that allows any act that maximizes expected utility according to some pair of assignments in the set. Assuming that computation of (...)
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  43.  6
    Mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Modelle in der Philosophie Schellings und Hegels.Paul Ziche - 1996 - Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog.
    Schelling und Hegel benutzen in ihren philosophischen Texten mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Modelle wie Unendlichkeit oder Gleichgewicht. Die Strukturen dieser Begriffe liefern einen Massstab fur den Vergleich der Positionen Schellings und Hegels, der fur Schellings Identitatsphilosophie und Hegels erste Jenaer Schriften durchgefuhrt wird. Als wichtigstes Resultat kann eine grundlegende Differenz zwischen beiden Positionen bereits um 1801 nachgewiesen und gezeigt werden, dass diese auf einer unterschiedlichen Auffassung der Rolle des Absoluten beruht.
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  44.  7
    Why Did Protagoras Use Poetry in Education?Paul Woodruff - 2016 - In Olof Pettersson & Vigdis Songe-Møller (eds.), Plato’s Protagoras: Essays on the Confrontation of Philosophy and Sophistry. Cham: Springer.
    Like Plato, Protagoras held that young children learn virtue from fine examples in poetry. Unlike Plato, Protagoras taught adults by correcting the diction of poets. In this paper I ask what his standard of correctness might be, and what benefit he intended his students to take from exercises in correction. If his standard of correctness is truth, then he may intend his students to learn by questioning the content of poems; that would be suggestive of Plato’s program in Republic III. (...)
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  45. Bible Key Words, Vol. III: Faith,.Rudolf Bultmann, Artur Weiser & Eduard Schweizer - 1961
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  46.  3
    Universalismus und Partikularismus im Mittelalter.Paul Wilpert (ed.) - 1968 - Berlin,: De Gruyter.
    Die MISCELLANEA MEDIAEVALIA präsentieren seit ihrer Gründung durch Paul Wilpert im Jahre 1962 Arbeiten des Thomas-Instituts der Universität zu Köln. Das Kernstück der Publikationsreihe bilden die Akten der im zweijährigen Rhythmus stattfindenden Kölner Mediaevistentagungen, die vor über 50 Jahren von Josef Koch, dem Gründungsdirektor des Instituts, ins Leben gerufen wurden. Der interdisziplinäre Charakter dieser Kongresse prägt auch die Tagungsakten: Die MISCELLANEA MEDIAEVALIA versammeln Beiträge aus allen mediävistischen Disziplinen - die mittelalterliche Geschichte, die Philosophie, die Theologie sowie die Kunst- und (...)
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  47. Wirklichkeitsanpassung oder angepasste "Wirklichkeit?".Paul Watzlawick - 1985 - In Heinz Von Foerster (ed.), Einführung in den Konstruktivismus / [die Autoren, Heinz von Foerster... et al.]. München: R. Oldenbourg.
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  48.  8
    Miriam FRANCHELLA Università degli Studi, Milano.Paul Bernays Way - 2006 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 70 (1):47-66.
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  49.  2
    Die Eine Ethik in der pluralistischen Gesellschaft: Festschrift zum 25jährigen Bestehen des Internationalen Forschungszentrums in Salzburg.Paul Weingartner (ed.) - 1987 - Innsbruck: Tyrolia-Verlag.
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  50. Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie und Religion.Paul Wendland & Otto Kern - 1987 - In Otto Kern, Eduard Norden & Paul Wendland (eds.), Greek philosophy and religion: two monographs. New York: Garland.
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