Results for 'Schweizer, Paul'

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  1. The Externalist Foundations of a Truly Total Turing Test.Paul Schweizer - 2012 - Minds and Machines 22 (3):191-212.
    The paper begins by examining the original Turing Test (2T) and Searle’s antithetical Chinese Room Argument, which is intended to refute the 2T in particular, as well as any formal or abstract procedural theory of the mind in general. In the ensuing dispute between Searle and his own critics, I argue that Searle’s ‘internalist’ strategy is unable to deflect Dennett’s combined robotic-systems reply and the allied Total Turing Test (3T). Many would hold that the 3T marks the culmination of the (...)
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  2. Computation in Physical Systems: A Normative Mapping Account.Paul Schweizer - 2019 - In Matteo Vincenzo D'Alfonso & Don Berkich (eds.), On the Cognitive, Ethical, and Scientific Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence. Springer Verlag. pp. 27-47.
    The relationship between abstract formal procedures and the activities of actual physical systems has proved to be surprisingly subtle and controversial, and there are a number of competing accounts of when a physical system can be properly said to implement a mathematical formalism and hence perform a computation. I defend an account wherein computational descriptions of physical systems are high-level normative interpretations motivated by our pragmatic concerns. Furthermore, the criteria of utility and success vary according to our diverse purposes and (...)
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  3. Intentionality, qualia, and mind/brain identity.Paul Schweizer - 1994 - Minds and Machines 4 (3):259-82.
    The paper examines the status of conscious presentation with regard to mental content and intentional states. I argue that conscious presentation of mental content should be viewed on the model of a secondary quality, as a subjectiveeffect of the microstructure of an underlying brain state. The brain state is in turn viewed as the instantiation of an abstract computational state, with the result that introspectively accessible content is interpreted as a presentation of the associated computational state realized by the brain. (...)
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  4.  65
    Consciousness and computation.Paul Schweizer - 2002 - Minds and Machines 12 (1):143-144.
  5. Cognitive Computation sans Representation.Paul Schweizer - 2017 - In Thomas M. Powers (ed.), Philosophy and Computing: Essays in epistemology, philosophy of mind, logic, and ethics. Cham: Springer. pp. 65-84.
    The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) holds that cognitive processes are essentially computational, and hence computation provides the scientific key to explaining mentality. The Representational Theory of Mind (RTM) holds that representational content is the key feature in distinguishing mental from non-mental systems. I argue that there is a deep incompatibility between these two theoretical frameworks, and that the acceptance of CTM provides strong grounds for rejecting RTM. The focal point of the incompatibility is the fact that representational content is (...)
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  6. Triviality Arguments Reconsidered.Paul Schweizer - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (2):287-308.
    Opponents of the computational theory of mind have held that the theory is devoid of explanatory content, since whatever computational procedures are said to account for our cognitive attributes will also be realized by a host of other ‘deviant’ physical systems, such as buckets of water and possibly even stones. Such ‘triviality’ claims rely on a simple mapping account of physical implementation. Hence defenders of CTM traditionally attempt to block the trivialization critique by advocating additional constraints on the implementation relation. (...)
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  7. The truly total Turing test.Paul Schweizer - 1998 - Minds and Machines 8 (2):263-272.
    The paper examines the nature of the behavioral evidence underlying attributions of intelligence in the case of human beings, and how this might be extended to other kinds of cognitive system, in the spirit of the original Turing Test. I consider Harnad's Total Turing Test, which involves successful performance of both linguistic and robotic behavior, and which is often thought to incorporate the very same range of empirical data that is available in the human case. However, I argue that the (...)
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  8.  87
    The Elimination of Meaning in Computational Theories of Mind.Paul Schweizer - 2009 - In Alexander Hieke & Hannes Leitgeb (eds.), Reduction: Between the Mind and the Brain. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag. pp. 117-134.
  9. Sāṃkhya-Yoga Philosophy and the Mind-Body Problem.Paul Schweizer - 2019 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 124 (1):232-242.
    The relationship between the physical body and the conscious human mind has been a deeply problematic topic for centuries. Physicalism is the 'orthodox' metaphysical stance in contemporary Western thought, according to which reality is exclusively physical/material in nature. However, in the West, theoretical dissatisfaction with this type of approach has historically lead to Cartesian-style dualism, wherein mind and body are thought to belong to distinct metaphysical realms. In the current discussion I compare and contrast this standard Western approach with an (...)
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  10.  31
    A syntactical approach to modality.Paul Schweizer - 1992 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 21 (1):1 - 31.
    The systems T N and T M show that necessity can be consistently construed as a predicate of syntactical objects, if the expressive/deductive power of the system is deliberately engineered to reflect the power of the original object language operator. The system T N relies on salient limitations on the expressive power of the language L N through the construction of a quotational hierarchy, while the system T Mrelies on limiting the scope of the modal axioms schemas to the sublanguage (...)
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  11. Advaita and the philosophy of consciousness without an object.Paul Schweizer - 2020 - Prabuddha Bharata or Awakened India 125 (No. 1):146-154.
    The paper explores Śaṅkara's position on autonomous consciousness, or cit, as the fundamental reality. As such, cit transcends subject/object duality, and Śaṅkara holds that consciousness is ultimately nirviṣayaka or non-intentional. I compare and contrast the Advaita view with the contemporary Phenomenological account, wherein consciousness is held to be essentially intentional, so that consciousness is always of or about some object or content, and where consciousness without an object is deemed conceptually impossible.
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  12. Mind/consciousness dualism in sankhya-yoga philosophy.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 (4):845-859.
  13. Artificial Brains and Hybrid Minds.Paul Schweizer - 2017 - In Vincent C. Müller (ed.), Philosophy and theory of artificial intelligence 2017. Berlin: Springer. pp. 81-91.
    The paper develops two related thought experiments exploring variations on an ‘animat’ theme. Animats are hybrid devices with both artificial and biological components. Traditionally, ‘components’ have been construed in concrete terms, as physical parts or constituent material structures. Many fascinating issues arise within this context of hybrid physical organization. However, within the context of functional/computational theories of mentality, demarcations based purely on material structure are unduly narrow. It is abstract functional structure which does the key work in characterizing the respective (...)
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  14.  24
    Mind/Consciousness Dualism in Sānkhya-Yoga Philosophy.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 (4):845-859.
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  15.  41
    Necessity viewed as a semantical predicate.Paul Schweizer - 1987 - Philosophical Studies 52 (1):33 - 47.
  16.  37
    Blind grasping and Fregean senses.Paul Schweizer - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 62 (3):263 - 287.
    The foregoing considerations have shown that on the Fregean model, no descriptive rendition of the meaning of a word, and no feature of the subject's psychological state, will be sufficient to answer the question of how reference takes place. Reference is determined by an independent semantical object, and the mind is limited by its perceptual access to this external semantical realm. The psychological and epistemic states of the language user will be causally influenced by this perceptual contact, and such causal (...)
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  17.  24
    Indian Philosophy of Language.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - International Philosophical Quarterly 33 (3):373-376.
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  18.  47
    Momentary consciousness and buddhist epistemology.Paul Schweizer - 1994 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 22 (1):81-91.
  19.  64
    Physicalism, functionalism and conscious thought.Paul Schweizer - 1996 - Minds and Machines 6 (1):61-87.
    In this paper, I provide further elaboration of my theory of conscious experience, in response to the criticisms made by David Cole, and I directly address a number of the issues he raises. In particular, I examine Cole's claim that functionalism rather than neurophysiology is the theoretical key to consciousness. I argue that weak type-physicalism provides an analysis which is more fine grained, makes weaker assumptions, and allows more scope for empirical methods.
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  20.  22
    Quantified Quinean S.Paul Schweizer - 1993 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 22 (6):589 - 605.
  21.  16
    Siderits, Mark, "Indian Philosphy of Language". [REVIEW]Paul Schweizer - 1993 - International Philosophical Quarterly 33:373-376.
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  22.  30
    Realization, Reduction And Psychological Autonomy.Schweizer Paul - 2001 - Synthese 126 (3):383-405.
    It is often thought that the computational paradigm provides a supporting case for the theoretical autonomy of the science of mind. However, I argue that computation is in fact incompatible with this alleged aspect of intentional explanation, and hence the foundational assumptions of orthodox cognitive science are mutually unstable. The most plausible way to relieve these foundational tensions is to relinquish the idea that the psychological level enjoys some special form of theoretical sovereignty. So, in contrast to well known antireductionist (...)
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  23.  11
    The International Thought of Herbert Butterfield.Karl W. Schweizer & Paul Sharp (eds.) - 2007 - Palgrave.
    Sir Herbert Butterfield was one of the leading British historians of the twentieth century. A diplomatic historian by training, he branched out into a variety of fields including historiography, the history of science and international theory. The International Thought of Sir Herbert Butterfield brings together material from Butterfield's previously unpublished papers and a critical commentary from two leading Butterfield scholars: Sharp and Schweizer. They recover Butterfield's contribution to international thought, particularly his role as a founding member of the British Committee (...)
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  24.  5
    Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler: Schweizer Arzt, Philosoph, Pädagoge und Politiker.Max Widmer - 1980 - Basel: Futurum-Verlag. Edited by Franz Lohri.
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  25.  24
    Christian Simon, Reisen, Sammeln und Forschen. Die Basler Naturhistoriker Paul und Fritz Sarasin_, (Studien zur Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Basel, Neue Folge 10) Basel: Schwabe 2015. / Bernhard C. Schär,; _Tropenliebe. Schweizer Naturforscher und niederländischer Imperialismus in Südostasien um 1900, (Globalgeschichte 20) Frankfurt/M.: Campus 2015. [REVIEW]Pierre-Louis Blanchard - 2016 - Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 39 (1):106-108.
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  26.  2
    Weltbejahung und Gemeinschaft: Studien zum Werk Paul Häberlins.Markus Hundeck - 2020 - Freiburg: Verlag Karl Alber. Edited by Michael Winkler.
    Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem Schweizer Philosophen, Psychologen und Pädagogen Paul Häberlin (1878-1960). In ausgreifenden Studien wird das komplexe Werk Häberlins detailliert in philosophische und pädagogische Reflexionen gebrochen, wobei nicht das Fragmentarische als Errungenschaft eines aufgeklärten Geistes gefeiert, sondern als dessen Konvergenz ausgewiesen wird. Schließlich fügt sich Häberlins Bearbeitung der Moderne mit deren Dichotomie von Einheit und Vielheit zu einem summarischen Entwurf. Daraus ergeben sich Anknüpfungen, die Schnittstellen bezeichnen und offene Fragen der disziplinären Diskurse verhandeln.
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  27. Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology.Kim Sterelny & Paul Edmund Griffiths - 1999 - Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
    Is the history of life a series of accidents or a drama scripted by selfish genes? Is there an “essential” human nature, determined at birth or in a distant evolutionary past? What should we conserve—species, ecosystems, or something else? -/- Informed answers to questions like these, critical to our understanding of ourselves and the world around us, require both a knowledge of biology and a philosophical framework within which to make sense of its findings. In this accessible introduction to philosophy (...)
     
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  28. Economics.Paul A. Samuelson & William D. Nordhaus - 2009 - Mcgraw-Hill Irwin.
    Samuelson's text was first published in 1948, and it immediately became the authority for the principles of economics courses. The book continues to be the standard-bearer for principles courses, and this revision continues to be a clear, accurate, and interesting introduction to modern economics principles. Bill Nordhaus is now the primary author of this text, and he has revised the book to be as current and relevant as ever.
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  29. Thought and qualia.David Cole - 1994 - Minds and Machines 4 (3):283-302.
    I present a theory of the nature and basis of the conscious experience characteristic of occurent propositional attitudes: thinking this or that. As a preliminary I offer an extended criticism of Paul Schweizer's treatment of such consciousness as unexplained secondary qualities of neural events. I also attempt to rebut arguments against the possibility of functionalist accounts of conscious experience and qualia.
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  30.  15
    Gestalttheorie von Sport, Klartraum und Bewusstsein. Ausgewählte Arbeiten, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Gerhard Stemberger.Paul Tholey & Gerhard Stemberger (eds.) - 2018 - Vienna, Austria: Krammer Verlag.
  31. Revisiting Turing and His Test: Comprehensiveness, Qualia, and the Real World.Vincent C. Müller & Aladdin Ayesh (eds.) - 2012 - AISB.
    Proceedings of the papers presented at the Symposium on "Revisiting Turing and his Test: Comprehensiveness, Qualia, and the Real World" at the 2012 AISB and IACAP Symposium that was held in the Turing year 2012, 2–6 July at the University of Birmingham, UK. Ten papers. - http://www.pt-ai.org/turing-test --- Daniel Devatman Hromada: From Taxonomy of Turing Test-Consistent Scenarios Towards Attribution of Legal Status to Meta-modular Artificial Autonomous Agents - Michael Zillich: My Robot is Smarter than Your Robot: On the Need for (...)
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  32.  35
    The Paradox of Faculty Attitudes toward Student Violations of Academic Integrity.Paul Douglas MacLeod & Sarah Elaine Eaton - 2020 - Journal of Academic Ethics 18 (4):347-362.
    This study investigated faculty attitudes towards student violations of academic integrity in Canada using a qualitative review of 17 universities’ academic integrity/dishonesty policies combined with a quantitative survey of faculty members’ (N = 412) attitudes and behaviours around academic integrity and dishonesty. Results showed that 53.1% of survey respondents see academic dishonesty as a worsening problem at their institutions. Generally, they believe their respective institutional policies are sound in principle but fail in application. Two of the major factors identified by (...)
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  33.  13
    Toward a process approach in psychology: stepping into Heraclitus' river.Paul van Geert - 2022 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Naomi M. P. de Ruiter.
    This book is relevant for anyone involved in the practice of psychology and the social sciences more broadly: researchers, teachers, students, and practitioners. It challenges the status quo with regards to the way that psychology is done, and it offers a unified solution that encompasses both theory and methodology.
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  34.  9
    Making Ethical Considerations Transparent in the Formulation of Public Health Guidance.William Paul Kabasenche - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):97-99.
    In a town near mine, a small business owner used their changeable-letter sign to wage a public protest against a variety of restrictions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike a great man...
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  35.  30
    Towards Rawlsian ‘property-owning democracy’ through personal data platform cooperatives.Michele Loi, Paul-Olivier Dehaye & Ernst Hafen - 2023 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 26 (6):769-787.
    This paper supports the personal data platform cooperative as a means of bringing about John Rawls’s favoured institutional realisation of a just society, the property-owning democracy. It describes personal data platform cooperatives and applies Rawls’s political philosophy to analyse the institutional forms of a just society in relation to the economic power deriving from aggregating personal data. It argues that a society involving a significant number of personal data platform cooperatives will be more suitable to realising Rawls’s principle of fair (...)
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  36.  63
    Much Ado About Nothing: The Mental Representation of Omissive Relations.Sangeet Khemlani, Paul Bello, Gordon Briggs, Hillary Harner & Christina Wasylyshyn - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:609658.
    When the absence of an event causes some outcome, it is an instance of omissive causation. For instance, not eating lunch may cause you to be hungry. Recent psychological proposals concur that the mind represents causal relations, including omissive causal relations, through mental simulation, but they disagree on the form of that simulation. One theory states that people represent omissive causes as force vectors; another states that omissions are representations of contrasting counterfactual simulations; a third argues that people think about (...)
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  37.  97
    Presumptuous or pluralistic presumptions of innocence? Methodological diagnosis towards conceptual reinvigoration.Paul Roberts - 2020 - Synthese 198 (9):8901-8932.
    This article is a contribution to interdisciplinary scholarship addressing the presumption of innocence, especially interdisciplinary conversations between philosophers and jurists. Terminological confusion and methodological traps and errors notoriously beset academic literature addressing the presumption of innocence and related concepts, such as evidentiary presumptions, and the burden and standard of proof in criminal trials. This article is diagnostic, in the sense that its primary objective is to highlight the assumptions—in particular, the disciplinary assumptions—implicit in influential contributions to debates on the presumption (...)
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  38.  3
    Vivre, pour vivre ensemble.Jean-Paul Nicolaï - 2023 - Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 14 (2):134-152.
    Selon Paul Ricœur, « l’anthropologie est devenue une tâche urgente de la pensée contemporaine ». Celle qu’il élabore dans l’ensemble de son œuvre repose sur sa phénoménologie herméneutique (dont l’originalité tient notamment à l’héritage qui lui vient de la philosophie réflexive), au point que cette dernière suffit selon nous à en dessiner les grandes lignes. Elle permet de doter le monde de régularités qui le rendent habitable et de doter chaque homme d’un soi. Elle prend aussi à bras le (...)
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  39. Worin könnten die Einheit und die Vielfalt der Wissenschaften bestehen?Paul Hoyningen-Huene - 2019 - In Michael Klasen & Markus Seidel (eds.), Einheit und Vielfalt in den Wissenschaften. Berlin: De Gruyter.
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  40.  7
    Cross and Creation: A Theological Introduction to Origen of Alexandria by Mark E. Therrien (review).Jean-Paul Juge - 2024 - Nova et Vetera 22 (1):295-299.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Cross and Creation: A Theological Introduction to Origen of Alexandria by Mark E. TherrienJean-Paul JugeCross and Creation: A Theological Introduction to Origen of Alexandria by Mark E. Therrien (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2022), xxii + 303 pp.Although Origen of Alexandria has been misrepresented and maligned since his own lifetime, allies have always arisen to defend him in his stead. Especially after the French Catholic (...)
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  41.  20
    Solvable Cases of the Decision Problem.Paul Bernays - 1957 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 22 (1):68-72.
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  42.  14
    Introduction.Tim Ireland & Paul Cobley - 2022 - Biosemiotics 15 (2):187-192.
  43.  6
    Francois Laruelle's Principles of Non-Philosophy: A Critical Introduction and Guide.Anthony Paul Smith - 2015 - Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
    In Principles of Non-Philosophy, Laruelle develops the concepts and method of a more democratic form of thought where neither science nor philosophy is subjected to one another, but brought together in a more productive theoretical and practical relationship. While the potential importance of this project is clear, Laruelle remains famously difficult. Anthony Paul Smith provides an introduction and guide to the text that situates you amongst the figures and concepts Laruelle engaged with, provides a foothold for your own understanding (...)
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  44. "Computer creativity is a matter of agency".Dustin Stokes & Elliot Samuel Paul - 2021 - Institute of Arts and Ideas.
    Computer programs are generating artworks of astonishing novelty and aesthetic value. By the standard definition of creativity, these programs would count as being creative. But if you still hesitate to call a program creative, that's for good reason, we argue. It's because real creativity requires AGENTS who are responsible for what they make, and it's not at all clear that these programs are agents. -/- (The title was imposed by the editor. It was supposed to be called, "ARE COMPUTERS CREATIVE?").
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  45.  9
    Anthropology, Ontology, and the Possibility of Post‐Mortem Repentance.Ty Paul Monroe - 2023 - Heythrop Journal 64 (5):707-722.
    This essay considers the question of conversion unto repentance, as an act of cognition and volition, by the separated soul in the post‐mortem state. It primarily explicates and interrogates Thomas Aquinas's various attempts to rule out this possibility for the damned. Since Thomas's arguments for such impossibility feature his commitment to the radical immateriality of the human soul—and, like it, the angelic spirit—the essay highlights the ontological and moral tensions within that account. The case is thus made for the ontological, (...)
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  46.  12
    Quine’s Ding an sich: Proxies, Structure, and Naturalism.Paul A. Gregory - 2019 - In Robert Sinclair (ed.), Science and Sensibilia by W. V. Quine: The 1980 Immanuel Kant Lectures. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
    In the fourth Immanuel Kant Lecture, Quine summons the specter of Kant’s Ding an sich, the thing in itself. Clearly antithetical to his naturalism, Quine quickly dismisses it as having feet of clay. Despite this short shrift, it is worth examining what he did say about the Ding an sich—in the Kant Lectures, in “Things and Their Place in Theories”, and in “Structure and Nature”. I offer a critical reading of these passages in the context of Quine’s proxy functions, ontological (...)
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  47.  7
    Aparecer, sentido y objetividad. A propósito del debate reciente sobre realismo, fenomenología y hermenéutica.Jean-Paul Grasset Bautista - 2022 - Perseitas 11:147-184.
    El objetivo de este artículo es abordar el reciente problema del nexo entre realismo y fenomenología hermenéutica desde un enfoque específico: el diálogo entre el nuevo realismo de Markus Gabriel y algunas propuestas hermenéutico-fenomenológicas alemanas que se autocomprenden en términos realistas. Afirmo la hipótesis de que es posible un diálogo productivo entre estas propuestas, basado en una comprensión mínima del realismo como fundamentación ontológica viable. Para esto, en primer lugar mostraré el sentido del actual resurgimiento del realismo en el contexto (...)
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  48.  38
    Activity and Passivity in Reflective Agency 1.Paul Katsafanas - 2011 - Oxford Studies in Metaethics 6:219.
    Many philosophers maintain that there is a distinction between acts that the agent plays an active role in producing, and acts that issue from the agent in a more passive fashion. According to the standard account, we can make sense of this distinction by maintaining that reflective or deliberative acts are paradigmatic cases of an agent’s playing an active role in the production of action. This chapter argues that this standard account is mistaken. Reflective or deliberative actions will seem to (...)
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  49.  5
    What Does It Mean to Believe? Faith in the Thought of Joseph Ratzinger by Daniel Cardó.Jean-Paul Juge - 2022 - Nova et Vetera 20 (3):979-981.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:What Does It Mean to Believe? Faith in the Thought of Joseph Ratzinger by Daniel CardóJean-Paul JugeWhat Does It Mean to Believe? Faith in the Thought of Joseph Ratzinger by Daniel Cardó (Steubenville, OH: Emmaus Academic, 2020), xv + 116 pp.Father Daniel Cardó's book What Does It Mean to Believe? is a concise and penetrating synopsis of Joseph Ratzinger's theology of faith, especially "faith as an act" (...)
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  50.  37
    Consciousness Unbound: Liberating Mind from the Tyranny of Materialism.Edward F. Kelly & Paul Marshall (eds.) - 2021 - Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Building on the groundbreaking research of Irreducible Mind and Beyond Physicalism, Edward Kelly and Paul Marshall gather a cohort of leading scholars to address the most recent advances in the psychology of consciousness.
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