This article argues that Bowers and Paternoster’s emphasis on a moral community marks an important step towards a more ethical and effective approach to anti-doping. However, it also argues that the authors’ proposed strategies undermine their stated goal of effectively engaging athletes as partners in anti-doping efforts and raise ethical concerns. Their proposed emphasis on exploiting shaming as a punishment and their general view of athletes as adversaries fosters mistrust between athletes and those who enforce the anti-doping rules. Instead, this (...) article describes a model for empowering athletes as stakeholders in anti-doping policy as a means to provide anti-doping rules with increased moral legitimacy among athletes. (shrink)

In Testing for Athlete Citizenship: Regulating Doping and Sex in Sport, Kathryn E. Henne provides ‘a genealogical account of anti-doping regulation by questioning the meanings we take from sport’ (...

O artigo propõe apresentar o movimento de desconstrução do humanismo em Derrida em A escritura e a diferença. Parto de um trabalho exegético, na trilha das ocorrências do termo “humanismo” na mencionada obra, com o intuito de determinar seus usos diferentes e em que sentidos a desconstrução derridiana deve ser compreendida já, em seus primeiros escritos, como uma desconstrução do humanismo. Para tal, minha análise se dedicou a três textos centrais no referido livro: Violence et métaphysique, essai sur la pensée (...) d’Emmanuel Lévinas; La parole souflée; La structure, le signe, le jeu dans le discours des Sciences Humaines. (shrink)

It is all the rage today to speak about the “power" of images. Yet while it seems hardly disputable that images generate fascination or repulsion and that they provoke laughter, tears or delight, it is by no means clear what it entails to grant them an agency of their own. The article sets out to chart the current literature on the topic, and to indicate why it is not the same to ask what it means for images to do things (...) to us and what it means do things with images. While the former question often leads, under a disguise of object-oriented thinking, to reintroduce mentalism, the latter gets caught up in inextricable problems that Austin’s speech act theory already had to struggle with. In the last section, at alternative account is proposed: the performance of image is not an event of causation, it is a process of visualization that lets appear what can only appear in images. (shrink)

La personne comme question est un sujet qui n'a cessé d'alimenter la réflexion de l'auteur, ceci en s'appuyant sur Husserl. De la préhistoire du concept de personne à son épanouissement médiéval puis jusqu'à sa réactivation phénoménologique, la personne est un combat pour le soi. La perspective généalogique adoptée dans ce livre vise à montrer que c'est la genèse du concept biblique de personne qui montre le véritable sens d'être de la personne, alors que le concept juridique en est dérivé. Citant (...) les auteurs clé de ce concept de personne, ce livre en retrace l'histoire. (shrink)

In this landmark study, Emmanuel Levinas discusses the aspects and function of intuition in Husserl's thought and its meaning for philosophical self-reflection.

Stephen Macedo; Multiculturalism for the Religious Right? Defending Liberal Civic Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 29, Issue 2, 30 May 2006.

Stephen Macedo; Multiculturalism for the Religious Right? Defending Liberal Civic Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 29, Issue 2, 30 May 2006.

La nota es una presentación, que no pretende ser exhaustiva, de los principales momentos de la tradición doxográfica sobre los términos "filósofo"y "filosofía" mostrando sus variaciones de significado. Se discute la atribución a Pitágoras de la creación de esos términos a partir de la importancia decisiva de Platón y Aristóteles en el establecimiento y configuración de la doxografía.

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um diálogo entre as abordagens da interseccionalidade e da hermenêutica reconstrutiva no contexto das pesquisas em educação. A universalização discursiva e a abertura ao “outro”, inerentes à hermenêutica reconstrutiva, aproximam-se do propósito de desmarginalizar o “outro”, próprio da interseccionalidade, partindo das margens para o centro. A hermenêutica reconstrutiva, articulada à interseccionalidade, pressupõe considerar que as relações são constituídas mutuamente a partir de acertos comunicativos. Trata-se de abordagens que reconfiguram o olhar individualista, característico dos métodos (...) científicos tradicionais, oferecendo à pesquisa em educação possibilidades investigativas mais dialogadas, argumentadas e horizontalizadas. A compreensão é de que a abertura crítica diante do “outro”, de ambas as abordagens, pode viabilizar a construção e reconstrução continuada dos saberes da área diante das demandas da pluralidade e de seu mundo da vida. Palavras-chave: Interseccionalidade; Hermenêutica reconstrutiva; Pesquisa em educação. Intellectual solidarity: Approaching intersectionality and reconstructive hermeneutics in education research Abstract: The article aims to present a dialogue between the approaches of intersectionality and reconstructive hermeneutics in the context of research in education. The discursive universalization and openness to the “other”, inherent to reconstructive hermeneutics, approach the purpose of demarginalizing the “other”, characteristic of intersectionality, starting from the margins towards the center. Reconstructive hermeneutics, articulated with intersectionality, presupposes considering that relationships are mutually constituted from communicative successes. These are approaches that reconfigure the individualistic view, characteristic of traditional scientific methods, offering research in education possibilities that are more dialogued, argued and horizontalized. The understanding is that the critical opening towards the “other”, of both approaches, can enable the continued construction and reconstruction of knowledge in the area in light of the demands of plurality and its world of life. Keywords: Intersectionality; Reconstructive hermeneutics; Education research. Solidaridad intelectual: Aproximación a la interseccionalidad y a la hermenéutica reconstructiva en la investigación en educación Resumen: El artículo pretende presentar un diálogo entre los enfoques de la interseccionalidad y la hermenéutica reconstructiva en el contexto de la investigación en educación. La universalización discursiva y la apertura al "otro", inherentes a la hermenéutica reconstructiva, se acercan al propósito de desmarginalizar al "otro", propio de la interseccionalidad, partiendo de los márgenes hacia el centro. La hermenéutica reconstructiva, articulada con la interseccionalidad, presupone la consideración de que las relaciones se constituyen mutuamente a partir de acuerdos comunicativos. Se trata de enfoques que reconfiguran la mirada individualista, característica de los métodos científicos tradicionales, ofreciendo posibilidades de investigación en educación más dialogantes, argumentativas y horizontales. Se entiende que la apertura crítica ante el "otro", desde ambos enfoques, puede permitir la construcción y reconstrucción continua del conocimiento en el área frente a las exigencias de la pluralidad y su mundo de vida. Palabras clave: Interseccionalidad; Hermenéutica reconstructiva; Investigación en Educación. Data de registro: 07/01/2022 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

"It's the animal in us," we often hear when we've been bad. But why not when we're good? Primates and Philosophers tackles this question by exploring the biological foundations of one of humanity's most valued traits: morality. In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our "selfish" genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling the (...) good things we do as "humane." Seeking the origin of human morality not in evolution but in human culture, science insists that we are moral by choice, not by nature. Citing remarkable evidence based on his extensive research of primate behavior, de Waal attacks "Veneer Theory," which posits morality as a thin overlay on an otherwise nasty nature. He explains how we evolved from a long line of animals that care for the weak and build cooperation with reciprocal transactions. Drawing on both Darwin and recent scientific advances, de Waal demonstrates a strong continuity between human and animal behavior. In the process, he also probes issues such as anthropomorphism and human responsibilities toward animals. Based on the Tanner Lectures de Waal delivered at Princeton University's Center for Human Values in 2004, Primates and Philosophers includes responses by the philosophers Peter Singer, Christine M. Korsgaard, and Philip Kitcher and the science writer Robert Wright. They press de Waal to clarify the differences between humans and other animals, yielding a lively debate that will fascinate all those who wonder about the origins and reach of human goodness. (shrink)

Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1996) has exerted a profound influence on 20th-century continental philosophy. This anthology, including Levinas's key philosophical texts over a period of more than forty years, provides an ideal introduction to his thought and offers insights into his most innovative ideas. Five of the ten essays presented here appear in English for the first time. An introduction by Adriaan Peperzak outlines Levinas's philosophical development and the basic themes of his writings. Each essay is accompanied by a brief introduction (...) and notes. This collection is an ideal text for students of philosophy concerned with understanding and assessing the work of this major philosopher. (shrink)

O estudo visa evidenciar o lugar que os princípios primeiros ocupam na filosofia moral de Alasdair MacIntyre, bem como o conceito de teleologia a eles articulado. Consistirá, no estudo panorâmico das categorias centrais da ética das virtudes de MacIntyre, onde ele constrói sua teoria da racionalidade das tradições que, por sua vez, é essencial para sua compreensão da retomada da ética aristotélica das virtudes e o papel dos princípios primeiros na sua filosofia moral. A partir destes, o desenvolvimento do artigo (...) se dá com a identificação do lugar que os primeiros princípios ocupam na filosofia moral de MacIntyre, como também a relevância que eles têm para o desenvolvimento de sua teoria do resgate da ética aristotélica. (shrink)

This paper reviews computational models of surprise, with a specific focus on the authors’ probabilistic, contrast model. The contrast model casts surprise, and its intensity, as emerging from the difference between the probability of the surprising event and the probability of the highest expected‐event in a given situation. Strong arguments are made for the central role of surprise in creativity and learning by natural and artificial agents.

As Emmanuel Levinas states in the preface to Existence and Existents, "this study is a preparatory one. It examines . . . the problem of the Good, time, and the relationship with the other [person] as a movement toward the Good." First published in 1947, and written mostly during Levinas's imprisonment during World War II, this work provides the first sketch of his mature thought later developed fully in Totality and Infinity and Otherwise than Being, or Beyond Essence. This (...) new edition marks the first time this important work has been made available in an inexpensive paperback edition. Levinas's project in Existence and Existents is to move from anonymous existence to the emergence of subjectivity; to subjectivity's practice, theory and morality; to its encounter with the alterity of the other person. He is concerned here primarily with the time of the solitary subject; time is the inner structure of subjectivity, of the movement of existing. "Levinas's work," says Alphonso Lingis, "contains not only wholly new analyses of the forms of time of the present, the past, the future but also a new conception of the work of time." Beginning with Existence and Existents, then, it is possible to begin tracing the progressive "alterization" of time as it unfolds across the development of Levinas's entire philosophy. As a "preparatory" study, Existence and Existents introduces the major themes and concerns that occupied Levinas throughout his career. This is essential reading for understanding both Levinas's own philosophy and the developments in philosophical thought in the twentieth century. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que enfocou a avaliação de desempenho (AD) como um instrumento de poder utilizado na gestão de pessoas. Realizou-se um estudo de caso que utilizou entrevistas individuais com 14 participantes, sendo 4 diretores e gerentes e 10 trabalhadores da área administrativa e operacional. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise gráfica do discurso de Lane (1985). A análise dos dados indicou que os participantes (diretoria) percebiam as políticas de gestão de pessoas permeadas pela (...) ideologia dominante como uma forma de garantir a competitividade da empresa no mercado. Já os trabalhadores a percebiam como a possibilidade para o desenvolvimento profissional e a promoção. Os dados sugerem que os resultados da AD eram utilizados na gestão de pessoas apenas quando sustentavam/confirmavam as práticas e decisões da diretoria relacionadas às políticas de pessoal. Assim, a AD pode ser considerada um instrumento de poder na gestão de pessoas, porém tendo seu uso limitado a fatores externos à técnica quando subsidia as ações dos diretores. (shrink)

Why is it important for people to agree on and articulate shared reasons for just laws, rather than whatever reasons they personally find compelling? What, if any, practical role does public reason play in liberal democratic politics? We argue that the practical role of public reason can be better appreciated by examining the confluence of normative and positive political theory; the former represented here by liberal social contract theory of John Rawls and others, and the latter by rational choice or (...) game theory. Citizens in a diverse society face a practical as well as a moral problem. How can they have confidence that others will reciprocate their commitment to supporting governing principles that depart from their own ideal conceptions of truth and value in order to be reasonable to all? Citizens face a practical problem of mutual assurance that public reason helps them solve, and solve as a matter of common knowledge. The solution, on both views, requires citizens’ reciprocal commitment to basing law on a system of shared reasons. Both views place public reason at the core of liberal democratic politics in conditions of diversity, and for quite similar reasons. Our argument illustrates the complementary roles of positive and values-based analysis in constitutional design. (shrink)

A política da morte tem atravessado o mundo contemporâneo de forma cada vez mais agressiva. Como enfrentamento, a produção de arte e conhecimento tem resistido das maneiras que lhe são viáveis. A geopoética (WHITE, 2016) – uma poética da terra – pode ser considerada, nesse e noutros contextos, uma ferramenta teórico-crítica para reavaliar a posição humana perante o planeta, ante si enquanto espécie e diante da alteridade. Assim, aproveitando o conceito referido, abordarei textos literários ao mesmo tempo em que discutirei (...) pontos relacionados à geopoética, um possível operador de leitura, sobretudo contrapondo-se à necropolítica, na tentativa de uma ressignificação. (shrink)

A masterful series of interviews with Levinas, conducted by French philosopher Philippe Nemo, which provides a succinct presentation of Levinas's philosophy.

This squib attempts to constrain semantic theories of agree wh constructions by broadening the data set and collecting naive speakers’ intuitions. Overall, our data suggest relatively permissive truth-conditions for these constructions. They also suggest a previously undiscussed presupposition for agree wh and also indicate that agree wh is not straightforwardly reducible to agree that. Although some accounts suggest differences in truth conditions among different asymmetrical agree with constructions and symmetrical agree constructions, we do not find any indication of such truth-conditional (...) distinctions. In the course of our exploration of the data, we offer a new approach to distinguishing between truth, falsity and presuppositional failure. (shrink)

Shareholder activism has become a force for good in the extant corporate governance literature. In this article, we present a case study of Nigeria to show how shareholder activism, as a corporate governance mechanism, can constitute a space for unhealthy politics and turbulent politicking, which is a reflection of the country’s brand of politics. As a result, we point out some translational challenges, and suggest more caution, in the diffusion of corporate governance practices across different institutional environments. We contribute to (...) the literature on corporate governance in Africa, whilst creating an understanding of the political embeddedness of shareholder activism in different institutional contexts—i.e. a step closer to a political theorising of shareholder activism. (shrink)

The banner of deliberative democracy is attracting increasing numbers of supporters, in both the world's older and newer democracies. This effort to renew democratic politics is widely seen as a reaction to the dominance of liberal constitutionalism. But many questions surround this new project. What does deliberative democracy stand for? What difference would deliberative practices make in the real world of political conflict and public policy design? What is the relationship between deliberative politics and liberal constitutional arrangements? The 1996 publication (...) of Amy Gutmann and Dennis F. Thompsons Democracy and Disagreement was a signal contribution to the ongoing debate over the role of moral deliberation in democratic politics. In Deliberative Politics an all-star cast of political, legal, and moral commentators seek to criticize, extend, or provide alternatives to Gutmann and Thompson's hopeful model of democratic deliberation. The essays discuss the value and limits of moral deliberation in politics, and take up practical policy issues such as abortion, affirmative action, and health care reform. Among the impressive roster of contributors are Norman Daniels, Stanley Fish, William A. Galston, Jane Mansbridge, Cass R. Sunstein, Michael Walzer, and Iris Marion Young, and the editor of the volume, Stephen Macedo. The book concludes with a thoughtful response from Gutmann and Thompson to their esteemed critics. This fine collection is essential reading for anyone who takes seriously the call for a more deliberative politics. (shrink)

Reproduit quatre conférences faites en 1946 et 1947 sous ce titre au Collège de philosophie, et interroge la notion de temps comme limitation même de l'être fini ou comme relation de l'être fini à Dieu (Electre).

This is a translation of ‘Socialité et argent’, a text by Emmanuel Levinas originally published in 1987. Levinas describes the emergence of money out of interhuman relations of exchange and the social relations – sociality – that result. While elsewhere he has presented sociality as ‘nonindifference to alterity’ it appears here as ‘proximity of the stranger’ and points to the tension between an economic system based on money and the basic human disposition to respond to the face of the (...) other person. Money both encodes and effaces sociality, both designates and disguises social relations. It arises from the way that needs and interests are manifested in exchange relations, in what he calls the ‘interestedness’ of economic life. But interests are always already cut through by the fact that being is always ‘being with others’. Being is always ‘interbeing’. Interestedness is always confronted by disinterestedness, that is, by a sociality marked by the ‘goodness of giving’, attachment to and concern for the poverty of the other person. Levinas concludes with a discussion of sociality and justice, posing questions about the tension between the demand to respond to an Other immediately before me and at the same time to respond to the demands of an other Other (the third person) who also invites a response. (shrink)

We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Spirituality connotes praxis informed by religious or faith convictions. This can transform the individual and society at large. Christian spirituality is centered on how a person’s relationship with the God of Jesus Christ informs and directs one’s approach to existence and engagement with the world. The ecosystem concerns humanity and relationship with it is invariably influenced by faith or religious informed praxis. The reality of climate change is convincing many people that humankind’s common homeland needs to be treated with care (...) and respect if created beings are to have a congenial habitat now and in the future. This article avers that Christian spirituality can contribute to eco-friendly behavior through re-formation of the behavior of people and emboldening their goodwill as regards the responsibility of all towards the care of the earth. Finally, this research proffers a three-fold model of eco-spirituality - scriptural, selfcontrol, and sacramental approaches to the earth – as a contribution towards stemming the tide of ecological assaults on creation. Textual analysis is the method used in this research. (shrink)

Resumen En el § 7 de la Crítica de la razón práctica Kant expone su primera definición de la ley moral universal. Ahí afirma que la conciencia de ella es un “Faktum de la razón”. La ambigüedad de esta expresión ha hecho que algunos autores argumenten que Kant no deduce la ley moral satisfactoriamente ni aclara cómo llegamos a ser conscientes de ella. Sin embargo estos críticos olvidan en sus análisis un aspecto relevante de la filosofía moral kantiana y que (...) es de gran relevancia en los estudios contemporáneos de la filosofía de la acción: el carácter autoconstitutivo del yo o del sujeto racional y su papel en la fundamentación de la moralidad. Sostengo que el Faktum de la razón debe entenderse fundamentalmente como un acto autoconstitutivo.In § 7 of the Critique of Practical Reason Kant presents his first definition of the universal law of morality - called the Categorical Imperative. In the same place, he affirms that being conscious of the law of morality is a Faktum of reason. The ambiguity of this statement has prompted some authors to argue that Kant does not deduce the moral law satisfactorily nor does he clarify how we become conscious of it. Nevertheless, they all forget in their analysis a relevant aspect of Kantian moral philosophy that turns out to be of great importance in contemporary studies of the philosophy of action - the self-constituting character of the rational subject and the role it plays within the foundation of morality. I claim that the Faktum of reason must be understood fundamentally as a self-constituting act. (shrink)

One of the most influential philosophers of our day has selected 16 previously uncollected pieces that are unified by Levinas's project of revising the phenomenological description of the world in light of our experience of other persons.

El objetivo del presente artículo es fortalecer el aprendizaje y la calidad educativa en el trabajo colaborativo, evaluando estrategias didácticas y aplicando la estrategia de diseño de textos académicos en la licenciatura de Mercadotecnia, respondía a la cuestión ¿De qué manera la debilidad en el aprendizaje y baja calidad educativa en el trabajo colaborativo repercuten en las deficiencias de la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica del diseño de textos académicos? La investigación es de tipo mixto, la metodología de la Investigación–Acción. (...) El estudio dio resultados en el trabajo colaborativo porque ayudo a los alumnos a adquirir conocimientos. (shrink)

BackgroundAdvance directives (ADs) were implemented in Portugal in 2012. Although more than a decade has passed since Law 25/2012 came into force, Portuguese people have very low levels of adherence. In this context, this study aimed to identify and analyse the attitudes of people aged 18 or older living in Portugal towards ADs and to determine the relationships between sociodemographic variables (gender/marital status/religion/level of education/residence/whether they were a health professional/whether they had already drawn up a living will) and people’s attitudes (...) towards ADs.MethodsAn online cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using a convenience sample. For this purpose, a request (email) that publicized the link to a –form—which included sociodemographic data and the General Public Attitudes Toward Advance Care Directives (GPATACD) scale—was sent to 28 higher education institutions and 30 senior universities, covering all of mainland Portugal and the islands (Azores and Madeira). The data were collected between January and February 2023.ResultsA total of 950 adults from completed the online form. The lower scores (mean 1 and 2) obtained in most responses by applying the GPATACD scale show that the sample of the Portuguese population has a very positive attitude towards ADs. The data showed that women, agnostics/atheists, health professionals and those who had already made a living will had more positive attitudes (p < 0.001) towards ADs. There were no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of the Portuguese population sample towards ADs in relation to marital status, education level, and residence.ConclusionThe results obtained enable us to confirm that this sample of the Portuguese population has a positive attitude towards ADs. We verify that there are certain fringes of this sample with certain sociodemographic characteristics (women, agnostics/atheists, health professionals and those who had already made a living will) that have a more positive attitude towards ADs. This data could facilitate the implementation and adjustment of relevant measures, particularly in the field of health education and aimed at groups with less favourable attitudes, to increase the effectiveness of voluntary exercise of citizens’ autonomy in end-of-life care planning. (shrink)

ARENDT REDEFINE O SENTIDO DA ÉTICA E DA POLÍTICA NUMA CHAVE PÓS-METAFÍSICA, ROMPENDO AS AMARRAS TELEOLÓGICAS E PRESCRITIVAS QUE NORTEARAM O PENSAMENTO FILOSÓFICO SOBRE A AÇÃO POLÍTICA E O COMPORTAMENTO ÉTICO. NESTE PROJETO, ARENDT ENFATIZA O MODO DE SER DA EXEMPLARIDADE SUBVERSIVA COMO CAPACIDADE DE APARECER PUBLICAMENTE E RESISTIR À VIOLÊNCIA, MESMO QUE TAL APARIÇÃO SEJA SILENCIOSA E PASSIVA. PARA DEMONSTRAR O POTENCIAL ÉTICO-POLÍTICO PÓS-METAFÍSICO DA EXEMPLARIDADE SUBVERSIVA, RECORREMOS À ANÁLISE DE TEXTOS NOS QUAIS SE ESBOÇA O PROJETO DE UMA (...) ÉTICA NEGATIVA E REFLEXIONANTE, QUE NÃO DETERMINA COMO AGIR, MAS O QUE NÃO FAZER OU QUANDO INTERROMPER O CURSO DA AÇÃO. (shrink)

Este texto apresenta algumas reflexões de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, escrito a partir de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica, realizada durante os anos de 2017 a 2019. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as histórias e memórias da comunidade quilombola de Queimadas, situada no município de Guanambi Ba, tendo como foco as trajetórias de vida dos líderes locais e sua relação com a educação escolar. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete lideranças quilombolas, observação participante (...) e diário de campo. Para a análise e a interpretação dos dados recorreu-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Os resultados sinalizam as dificuldades vivenciadas durante a infância e juventude dos quilombolas e que permanecem até os dias atuais. É possível perceber como os olhares se cruzam através dos discursos que retomam nas experiências durante a formação da comunidade. Além disso, a intensa relação com o trabalho e ausência de políticas públicas é recorrente nos relatos apresentados. Dentre os vários fatores que dificultaram e/ou dificultam os quilombolas permanecerem na escola, com vistas ao processo de escolarização, podemos destacar, o currículo que produz a invisibilidade desses sujeitos e a migração em busca da sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, é urgente uma escola dentro da comunidade, referenciada na perspectiva de uma educação escolar quilombola, tendo os líderes locais como protagonistas, para que os conteúdos escolares dialoguem com suas histórias, memórias, lutas e vivências. Ademais, é imprescindível investimento do poder público local, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos quilombolas, bem como formação específica dos professores, tendo em vista a construção de uma educação diferenciada, contextualizada e antirracista. Palavras-chave: Lideranças; Quilombo; Educação; Memória; História. (shrink)