Results for 'cognitive decline'

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  1.  60
    The Myth of Cognitive Decline: Non‐Linear Dynamics of Lifelong Learning.Michael Ramscar, Peter Hendrix, Cyrus Shaoul, Petar Milin & Harald Baayen - 2014 - Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (1):5-42.
    As adults age, their performance on many psychometric tests changes systematically, a finding that is widely taken to reveal that cognitive information-processing capacities decline across adulthood. Contrary to this, we suggest that older adults'; changing performance reflects memory search demands, which escalate as experience grows. A series of simulations show how the performance patterns observed across adulthood emerge naturally in learning models as they acquire knowledge. The simulations correctly identify greater variation in the cognitive performance of older (...)
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  2.  8
    Cognitive Decline After Cranial Irradiation: Hoping for a Systematic Application of the Reliable Change Index.Giorgio Gronchi, Silvia Scoccianti & Andrea Peru - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:573919.
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  3.  16
    The Myth of Cognitive Decline: Non‐Linear Dynamics of Lifelong Learning.Michael Ramscar, Peter Hendrix, Cyrus Shaoul, Petar Milin & Harald Baayen - 2014 - Cognitive Science.
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  4.  9
    Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment may has a lower risk of cognitive decline after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: A retrospective cohort study.Hutao Xie, Quan Zhang, Yin Jiang, Yutong Bai & Jianguo Zhang - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:943472.
    BackgroundThe cognitive outcomes induced by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) remain unclear, especially in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study explored the cognitive effects of STN-DBS in PD patients with MCI.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that included 126 PD patients who underwent STN-DBS; all patients completed cognitive and motor assessments before and at least 6 months after surgery. Cognitive changes were mainly evaluated by the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale (...)
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  5.  20
    Education Does Not Affect Cognitive Decline in Aging: A Bayesian Assessment of the Association Between Education and Change in Cognitive Performance.Rasmus Berggren, Jonna Nilsson & Martin Lövdén - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  6.  49
    A prospectus for ethical analysis of ageing individuals' responsibility to prevent cognitive decline.Cynthia Forlini & Wayne Hall - 2017 - Bioethics 31 (9):657-665.
    As the world's population ages, governments and non-governmental organizations in developed countries are promoting healthy cognitive ageing to reduce the rate of age-related cognitive decline and sustain economic productivity in an ageing workforce. Recommendations from the Productivity Commission, Dementia Australia, Government Office for Science, Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, Institute of Medicine, among others, are encouraging older adults to engage in mental, physical, and social activities. These lifestyle recommendations for healthy cognitive ageing are (...)
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  7.  15
    Power influences upon technology design for age-related cognitive decline using the VSD framework.Oliver K. Burmeister & David Kreps - 2018 - Ethics and Information Technology (1):95-98.
    Implicit in the value sensitive design (VSD) approach is a concern for understanding, and where possible, disrupting problematic power relationships. Yet an awareness of the issues and ethics of power relations is a pre-requisite for such a concern to bear fruit. This article provides some insight into the issues, and through a case study of technology design to support care arrangements for age-related cognitive decline, illustrates how finding a satisfactory resolution can be particularly troublesome.
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  8.  20
    Early intervention for cognitive decline.Dekens Eline, Miatton Marijke, Sieben Anne, Santens Patrick & Boon Paul - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  9.  26
    Executive functioning as a potential mediator of age-related cognitive decline in normal adults.Timothy A. Salthouse, Thomas M. Atkinson & Diane E. Berish - 2003 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 132 (4):566.
  10.  6
    Take the First-Person Perspective to Become Dementia-Friendly: The Use of 360° Video for Experiencing Everyday-Life Challenges With Cognitive Decline.Francesca Morganti, Nicola Palena, Paola Savoldelli & Andrea Greco - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  11.  38
    Hippocampal asymmetry is associated with cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes.Milne Nicole, Bruce David, Starkstein Sergio, Nelson Melinda, Davis Wendy, Pierson Ronald & Bucks Romola - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  12. Two Different Populations within the Healthy Elderly: Lack of Conflict Detection in Those at Risk of Cognitive Decline.Sergio M. Sánchez-Moguel, Graciela C. Alatorre-Cruz, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Sofía González-Salinas, Javier Sanchez-Lopez, Gloria A. Otero-Ojeda & Thalía Fernández - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11.
  13.  9
    Resting State BOLD Variability Is Linked to White Matter Vascular Burden in Healthy Aging but Not in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline.Vanessa Scarapicchia, Mauricio Garcia-Barrera, Stuart MacDonald & Jodie R. Gawryluk - 2019 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13.
  14.  18
    Slowing of Hippocampal Activity Correlates with Cognitive Decline in Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. An MEG Study with Virtual Electrodes.Marjolein M. A. Engels, Arjan Hillebrand, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Cornelis J. Stam, Philip Scheltens & Elisabeth C. W. van Straaten - 2016 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10.
  15.  26
    The role of arterial pulsatility and white matter microstructure in age-related cognitive decline.Jolly Todd, Michie Patricia, Bateman Grant, Fulham William, Cooper Patrick, Levi Christopher, Parsons Mark & Karayanidis Frini - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  16.  10
    Electroencephalographic markers of subjective cognitive performance: implications towards electrophysiological prediction of early cognitive decline.Lees Ty, Maharaj Shamona & Lal Sara - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  17.  16
    Commentary: Exercise-dependent BDNF as a Modulatory Factor for the Executive Processing of Individuals in Course of Cognitive Decline. A Systematic Review.Felipe Stigger, Miriam A. Z. Marcolino & Rodrigo D. M. Plentz - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  18.  17
    Hippocampus and Parahippocampus Volume Reduction Associated With Impaired Olfactory Abilities in Subjects Without Evidence of Cognitive Decline.Satomi Kubota, Yuri Masaoka, Haruko Sugiyama, Masaki Yoshida, Akira Yoshikawa, Nobuyoshi Koiwa, Motoyasu Honma, Ryuta Kinno, Keiko Watanabe, Natsuko Iizuka, Masahiro Ida, Kenjiro Ono & Masahiko Izumizaki - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  19.  13
    Effect of 1 Year of Qigong Exercise on Cognitive Function Among Older Chinese Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Jing Jin, Yin Wu, Shaohua Li, Suhui Jin, Lin Wang, Jian Zhang, Chenglin Zhou, Yong Gao & Zhen Wang - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  20.  48
    Lower Cardiac Output Relates to Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Aging Adults.Corey W. Bown, Rachel Do, Omair A. Khan, Dandan Liu, Francis E. Cambronero, Elizabeth E. Moore, Katie E. Osborn, Deepak K. Gupta, Kimberly R. Pechman, Lisa A. Mendes, Timothy J. Hohman, Katherine A. Gifford & Angela L. Jefferson - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  21.  18
    Racial Differences in Dietary Relations to Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Do We Know Enough?Puja Agarwal, Martha C. Morris & Lisa L. Barnes - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  22.  8
    Cognitive Health Worries, Reduced Physical Activity and Fewer Social Interactions Negatively Impact Psychological Wellbeing in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Emma Sutton, Jonathan Catling, Katrien Segaert & Jet Veldhuijzen van Zanten - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    The Coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected psychological wellbeing in older adults, with cases of depression, anxiety and loneliness rising in the general population. Cognitive health has also potentially been affected, as social isolation can lead to cognitive decline. Worrying about cognitive health can be damaging to psychological wellbeing and is especially relevant to explore in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic. The objective of the present study was to explore the associations between cognitive health worries (...)
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  23.  9
    Influence of Cognitive Functioning on Age-Related Performance Declines in Visuospatial Sequence Learning.Melanie Krüger, Mark R. Hinder, Rohan Puri & Jeffery J. Summers - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  24.  13
    They Cannot, They Will Not, or We Are Asking the Wrong Questions: Re-examining Age-Related Decline in Social Cognition.Lucas J. Hamilton, Amy N. Gourley & Anne C. Krendl - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Social cognition is critical for successfully navigating social relationships. Current evidence suggests that older adults exhibit poorer performance in several core social-cognitive domains compared to younger adults. Neurocognitive decline is commonly discussed as one of the key arbiters of age-related decline in social-cognitive abilities. While evidence supports this notion, age effects are likely attributable to multiple factors. This paper aims to recontextualize past evidence by focusing issues of motivation, task design, and representative samples. In light of (...)
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  25. Altered Frequency-Dependent Brain Activation and White Matter Integrity Associated With Cognition in Characterizing Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Stages.Siyu Wang, Jiang Rao, Yingying Yue, Chen Xue, Guanjie Hu, Wenzhang Qi, Wenying Ma, Honglin Ge, Fuquan Zhang, Xiangrong Zhang & Jiu Chen - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and amnestic mild cognitive impairment are regarded to be at high risk of converting to Alzheimer’s disease. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations can reflect functional deterioration while diffusion tensor imaging is capable of detecting white matter integrity. Our study aimed to investigate the structural and functional alterations to further reveal convergence and divergence among SCD, naMCI, and aMCI and how these contribute to cognitive deterioration.MethodsWe analyzed ALFF under slow-4 and (...)
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  26.  11
    Origins Matter: Culture Impacts Cognitive Testing in Parkinson’s Disease.Marta Statucka & Melanie Cohn - 2019 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13:469400.
    Cognitive decline is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and precise cognitive assessment is important for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. To date, there are no studies in PD investigating cultural bias on neuropsychological tests. Clinical practice in multicultural societies such as Toronto Canada, where nearly half of the population is comprised of first generation immigrants, presents important challenges as most neuropsychological tools were developed in Anglosphere cultures (e.g., USA, UK) and normed in more homogeneous groups. We examine total (...)
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  27.  10
    Divergent patterns of cognitive deficits and structural brain alterations between older adults in mixed-sex and same-sex relationships.Riccardo Manca, Anthony N. I. I. Correro, Kathryn Gauthreaux & Jason D. Flatt - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:909868.
    BackgroundSexual minority (SM) older adults experience mental health disparities. Psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are risk factors for cognitive decline. Although older people in same-sex (SSR) compared to mixed-sex relationships (MSR) perform more poorly on cognitive screening tests, prior studies found no differences in rates of dementia diagnosis or neuropsychological profiles. We sought to explore the role of NPS on neurocognitive outcomes for SM populations. We compared cognitive performance and structural brain parameters of older adults (...)
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  28.  82
    Mild cognitive impairment: Where does it go from here?John Bond & Lynne Corner - 2006 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 13 (1):29-30.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Mild Cognitive Impairment:Where Does It Go From Here?John Bond (bio) and Lynne Corner (bio)Keywordsbiomedicalization, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjectivityThe joy of formal interdisciplinary discussion of this kind is the way that ideas presented through the gaze of social scientists stimulate such exciting thoughts and responses from other disciplines such as philosophy and psychology. We would like to thank Sabat and Thornton for their supportive and provocative reactions (...)
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  29.  11
    The Mediating Effect of Physical Function Decline on the Association Between Social Activity and Cognitive Function in Middle and Older Korean Adults: Analyzing Ten Years of Data Through Multivariate Latent Growth Modeling.Sung Man Bae - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    PurposeThis study aimed to examine the long-term association between social activity, physical function decline and cognitive function, as well as verify the long-term mediating effect of physical function decline on the relationship between social activity and cognitive function.MethodsData from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging that was collected over 10 years was analyzed. The sample included 10,240 adults aged 45–93 years. Multivariate latent growth modeling was applied to verify the long-term effect of social activity and physical (...)
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  30.  7
    The Decline of the Individual: Reconciling Autonomy with Community.Mark D. White - 2017 - Cham: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan.
    This book explores the steady decline in the status of the individual in recent years and addresses common misunderstandings about the concept of individuality. Drawing from psychology, neuroscience, technology, economics, philosophy, politics, and law, White explains how and why the individual has been devalued in the eyes of scholars, government leaders, and the public. He notes that developments in science have led to doubts about our cognitive competence, while assumptions made in the humanities have led to questions about (...)
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  31.  91
    Assessing Cognitive Change and Quality of Life 12 Months After Epilepsy Surgery—Development and Application of Reliable Change Indices and Standardized Regression-Based Change Norms for a Neuropsychological Test Battery in the German Language.Nadine Conradi, Marion Behrens, Anke M. Hermsen, Tabitha Kannemann, Nina Merkel, Annika Schuster, Thomas M. Freiman, Adam Strzelczyk & Felix Rosenow - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:582836.
    Objective: The establishment of patient-centered measures capable of empirically determining meaningful cognitive change after surgery can significantly improve the medical care of epilepsy patients. Thus, this study aimed to develop reliable change indices (RCIs) and standardized regression-based (SRB) change norms for a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery in the German language. Methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy underwent neuropsychological assessments, both before and 12 months after surgery. Practice-effect-adjusted RCIs and SRB change norms for each test score were computed. (...)
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  32.  78
    Mild cognitive impairment: Ethical considerations for nosological flexibility in human kinds.Janice E. Graham & Karen Ritchie - 2006 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 13 (1):31-43.
    The evolution of a relevant nosological concept reflects changes in the distinction between what is recognized and defined as normal and pathologic. Attention is directed to the rationale and value of detecting subclinical aging-related modifications in cognitive performance. The position that different kinds of dementias may have precedents in etiological-specific kinds of early or mild cognitive impairments (MCI) supports targeting people earlier for study of these subclinical symptoms. Because heterogeneous disorders can be expected to have multiple patterns of (...)
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  33.  24
    Mild Cognitive Impairment: What's in a Name?Steven R. Sabat - 2006 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 13 (1):13-20.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Mild Cognitive Impairment:What's in a Name?Steven R. Sabat (bio)Keywordslabeling, mild cognitive impairment, recall memory, selfhood, stereotype threatCorner and Bond (2006) raise a number of important conceptual issues related to the problems involved in defining mild cognitive impairment (MCI), differentiating it from normal aging, the definition of normal aging itself, and ethical issues surrounding the possible adverse effects of a diagnosis of MCI on the individuals thus (...)
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  34.  24
    Mild Cognitive Impairment in Relation to Alzheimer’s Disease: An Investigation of Principles, Classifications, Ethics, and Problems.Joseph Lee - 2023 - Neuroethics 16 (2):1-18.
    Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a diagnostic category indicating cognitive impairment which does not meet diagnostic criteria for dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease. There are public health concerns about Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prompting intervention strategies to respond to predictions about the impacts of ageing populations and cognitive decline. This relationship between MCI and AD rests on three interrelated principles, namely, that a relationship exists between AD and MCI, that MCI progresses to AD, and that there is (...)
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  35.  30
    The Ambiguities of Mild Cognitive Impairment.Tim Thornton - 2006 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 13 (1):21-27.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Ambiguities of Mild Cognitive ImpairmentTim Thornton (bio)Keywordsclassification, disease, mild cognitive impairment, normative, valuesCorner and Bond's paper (2006) raises some key ethical questions about the classification and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this commentary, I wish to revise some of the general issues about the classification of mental disorder raised by this particular classificatory concept. The central issue raised is the connection between the (...)
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  36.  11
    Measuring Cognitive Abilities in the Wild: Validating a Population‐Scale Game‐Based Cognitive Assessment.Mads Kock Pedersen, Carlos Mauricio Castaño Díaz, Qian Janice Wang, Mario Alejandro Alba-Marrugo, Ali Amidi, Rajiv V. Basaiawmoit, Carsten Bergenholtz, Morten H. Christiansen, Miroslav Gajdacz, Ralph Hertwig, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Kim Klyver, Nicolai Ladegaard, Kim Mathiasen, Christine Parsons, Janet Rafner, Anders R. Villadsen, Mikkel Wallentin, Blanka Zana & Jacob F. Sherson - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (6):e13308.
    Rapid individual cognitive phenotyping holds the potential to revolutionize domains as wide‐ranging as personalized learning, employment practices, and precision psychiatry. Going beyond limitations imposed by traditional lab‐based experiments, new efforts have been underway toward greater ecological validity and participant diversity to capture the full range of individual differences in cognitive abilities and behaviors across the general population. Building on this, we developed Skill Lab, a novel game‐based tool that simultaneously assesses a broad suite of cognitive abilities while (...)
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  37.  18
    Twilight of the Self: The Decline of the Individual in Late Capitalism.Michael J. Thompson - 2022 - Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
    In this new work, political theorist Michael J. Thompson argues that modern societies are witnessing a decline in one of the core building blocks of modernity: the autonomous self. Far from being an illusion of the Enlightenment, Thompson contends that the individual is a defining feature of the project to build a modern democratic culture and polity. One of the central reasons for its demise in recent decades has been the emergence of what he calls the cybernetic society, a (...)
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  38.  14
    Cognition and Pain: A Review.Tanvi Khera & Valluvan Rangasamy - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Cognition is defined as the brain’s ability to acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. Pain has been described as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience, and for experiencing pain consciously, cognitive processing becomes imperative. Moreover, evaluation of pain strongly depends on cognition as it requires learning and recall of previous experiences. There could be a possible close link between neural systems involved in cognition and pain processing, and studies have reported an association between pain and cognitive impairment. In (...)
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  39.  8
    Cognitive reserve and mental health in cognitive frailty phenotypes: Insights from a study with a Portuguese sample.Pedro Miguel Gaspar, María Campos-Magdaleno, Arturo X. Pereiro, David Facal & Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    BackgroundResearch on prevalence of cognitive frailty phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults in different countries is important to estimate their prevalence and to determine the influence of cognitive reserve and mental health in order to prevent frailty. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of reversible and potentially reversible cognitive frailty in a Portuguese sample of old adults and explore the associations between these phenotypes and demographic, comorbidity, social support, cognitive reserve and mental health (...)
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  40.  27
    Reifying Relevance in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Appeal for Care and Caution.Janice E. Graham & Karen Ritchie - 2006 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 13 (1):57-60.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reifying Relevance in Mild Cognitive Impairment:An Appeal for Care and CautionJanice E. Graham (bio) and Karen Ritchie (bio)KeywordsAlzheimer’s disease, construction, dementia, market forces, mild cognitive impairmentWe thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments that probe shadowy areas in our argument, and we welcome this opportunity to elucidate our position. First, we are not repudiating the natural and social facts of pathologic brain degeneration and the physical and (...)
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  41.  23
    Cognitive and Social Neuroscience of Aging.Angela Gutchess - 2019 - Cambridge University Press.
    Cognitive and Social Neuroscience of Aging is an introduction to how aging affects the brain, intended for audiences with some knowledge of psychology, aging, or neuroscience. The book includes figures illustrating brain regions so that extensive familiarity with neuroanatomy is not a pre-requisite. The depth of coverage also makes this book appropriate for those with considerable knowledge about aging. This book adopts an integrative perspective, including topics such as memory, cognition, cognitive training, emotion, and social processes. Topics include (...)
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  42.  39
    Upgrading Discussions of Cognitive Enhancement.Susan B. Levin - 2016 - Neuroethics 9 (1):53-67.
    Advocates of cognitive enhancement maintain that technological advances would augment autonomy indirectly by expanding the range of options available to individuals, while, in a recent article in this journal, Schaefer, Kahane, and Savulescu propose that cognitive enhancement would improve it more directly. Here, autonomy, construed in broad procedural terms, is at the fore. In contrast, when lauding the goodness of enhancement expressly, supporters’ line of argument is utilitarian, of an ideal variety. An inherent conflict results, for, within their (...)
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  43.  23
    Learning a Foreign Language: A Review on Recent Findings About Its Effect on the Enhancement of Cognitive Functions Among Healthy Older Individuals.Blanka Klimova - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12:355309.
    Currently, there is an increasing number of older population groups, especially in developed countries. This demographic trend, however, may cause serious problems, such as an increase in aging diseases, one of which is dementia whose main symptom consists in the decline of cognitive functioning. Although there has been ongoing pharmacological research on this neurological disorder, it has not brought satisfying results as far as its treatment is concerned. Therefore, governments all over the world are trying to develop alternative, (...)
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  44.  12
    Clinical and Objective Cognitive Measures for the Diagnosis of Cognitive Frailty Subtypes: A Comparative Study.Qingwei Ruan, Weibin Zhang, Jian Ruan, Jie Chen & Zhuowei Yu - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    BackgroundCognitive frailty includes reversible and potentially reversible subtypes; the former is known as concurrent physical frailty and pre-mild cognitive impairment subjective cognitive decline, whereas the latter is known as concurrent PF and MCI. The diagnoses of pre-MCI SCD and MCI are based on clinical criteria and various subjective cognitive decline questionnaires. Heterogeneous assessment of cognitive impairment results in significant variability of CI, CF, and their subtype prevalence in various population-based studies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare (...)
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  45.  12
    The association between objective cognitive measures and ecological-functional outcomes in COVID-19.Marcella Ottonello, Elena Fiabane, Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, Marina Rita Manera, Francesca Spada & Caterina Pistarini - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    BackgroundCognitive dysfunctions, both subjective and detectable at psychometric testing, may follow SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the ecological-functional relevance of such objective deficits is currently under-investigated. This study thus aimed at investigating the association between objective cognitive measures and both physical and cognitive, ecological-functional outcomes in post-COVID-19.MethodsForty-two COVID-19-recovered individuals were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The Functional Independence Measure was adopted to assess functional-ecological, motor/physical and cognitive outcomes at admission and discharge.ResultsWhen predicting both (...)
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  46.  8
    Childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life.Xiaoling Xiang, Joonyoung Cho, Yihang Sun & Xiafei Wang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    ObjectivesThis study examined the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life and explored the potential moderation effect of gender and race.MethodsThe study sample included 15,133 participants of the Health and Retirement Study who had complete data on key study measures and were more than 50. The outcome variable is a dichotomous indicator of cognitive impairment as assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status for self-respondents and the 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive (...) in the Elderly for proxies. A total of six childhood adversity indicators included grade retention, parental substance abuse, physical abuse, trouble with the police, moving due to financial hardship, and receipt of help due to financial hardship in early life. The estimation of the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment involved Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Grade retention had the largest effect on incident cognitive impairment, followed by physical abuse by a parent. The impact of grade retention was more detrimental to women than men. Parental substance abuse was associated with a lower risk of incident cognitive impairment for most racial groups, but this association was reversed in “non-Hispanic other” race, consisting mainly of Asians.DiscussionSome aspects of childhood adversity continue to harm cognitive functioning in later life, while some events may have the opposite effect, with evidence of heterogeneity across gender and race. (shrink)
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  47. Does Perceptual Consciousness Overflow Cognitive Access? The Challenge from Probabilistic, Hierarchical Processes.Steven Gross & Jonathan Flombaum - 2017 - Mind and Language 32 (3):358-391.
    Does perceptual consciousness require cognitive access? Ned Block argues that it does not. Central to his case are visual memory experiments that employ post-stimulus cueing—in particular, Sperling's classic partial report studies, change-detection work by Lamme and colleagues, and a recent paper by Bronfman and colleagues that exploits our perception of ‘gist’ properties. We argue contra Block that these experiments do not support his claim. Our reinterpretations differ from previous critics' in challenging as well a longstanding and common view of (...)
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  48.  10
    Prediction Models for Radiation-Induced Neurocognitive Decline in Adult Patients With Primary or Secondary Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review.Fariba Tohidinezhad, Dario Di Perri, Catharina M. L. Zegers, Jeanette Dijkstra, Monique Anten, Andre Dekker, Wouter Van Elmpt, Daniëlle B. P. Eekers & Alberto Traverso - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    PurposeAlthough an increasing body of literature suggests a relationship between brain irradiation and deterioration of neurocognitive function, it remains as the standard therapeutic and prophylactic modality in patients with brain tumors. This review was aimed to abstract and evaluate the prediction models for radiation-induced neurocognitive decline in patients with primary or secondary brain tumors.MethodsMEDLINE was searched on October 31, 2021 for publications containing relevant truncation and MeSH terms related to “radiotherapy,” “brain,” “prediction model,” and “neurocognitive impairments.” Risk of bias (...)
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  49.  19
    The End of the Cognitive Empire: The Coming of Age of Epistemologies of the South.Boaventura de Sousa Santos - 2018 - Durham: Duke University Press.
    In _The End of the Cognitive Empire_ Boaventura de Sousa Santos further develops his concept of the "epistemologies of the south," in which he outlines a theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical framework for challenging the dominance of Eurocentric thought. As a collection of knowledges born of and anchored in the experiences of marginalized peoples who actively resist capitalism, colonialism, and patriarchy, epistemologies of the south represent those forms of knowledge that are generally discredited, erased, and ignored by dominant cultures of (...)
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  50.  32
    Is binding decline the main source of the ageing effect on prospective memory? A ride in a virtual town.Grégory Lecouvey, Julie Gonneaud, Pascale Piolino, Sophie Madeleine, Eric Orriols, Philippe Fleury, Francis Eustache & Béatrice Desgranges - 2017 - Socioaffective Neuroscience and Psychology 7 (1).
    ABSTRACTObjective: This study was designed to improve our understanding of prospective memory changes in ageing, and to identify the cognitive correlates of PM decline, using a virtual environment, to provide a more realistic assessment than traditional laboratory tasks.Design: Thirty-five young and 29 older individuals exposed to a virtual town were asked to recall three event-based intentions with a strong link between prospective and retrospective components, three event-based intentions with a weak link, and three time-based intentions. They also underwent (...)
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