Research on implicit learning - a cognitive phenomenon in which people acquire knowledge without conscious intent or awareness - has been growing exponentially. This volume draws together this research, offering the first complete reference on implicit learning by those who have been instrumental in shaping the field. The contributors explore controversies in the field, and examine: functional characteristics, brain mechanisms and neurological foundations of implicit learning; connectionist models; and applications of implicit learning to acquiring new mental skills.

The most powerful films have an afterlife. Their sensory appeal and their capacity to elicit involvement in story, character and conflict reaches beyond the screen to subtly reframe the way spectators view ethical issues and agents. This book questions how cinematic narratives relate to and affect ethical life.

What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical results in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. The authors, coming from disciplines as computer science, social sciences, or philosophy, discuss how to ask questions about gender and give examples for their application in interdisciplinary research, development and teaching. Topics range from the design of information and communication technologies, epistemologies of biology and chemistry to teaching mathematics (...) and professional processes in engineering. (shrink)

Schulenübergreifend, wenngleich mit unterschiedlicher Gewichtung, hat sich eine beziehungsorientierte Ausrichtung in den psychoanalytischen Konzepten wie der Behandlungstechnik vollzogen. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf das ethische Verständnis. Die Autorin geht der Frage nach, in welchem Verhältnis geteilte Verantwortlichkeit des analytischen Paares zur Letztverantwortlichkeit des Analytikers steht. Der rote Faden in intersubjektiven Ansätzen ist deren bewusst reflektierte und bewusst eingebrachte Subjektivität, die Risiken und Chancen mit sich bringt. Drei unterschiedliche intersubjektive Ansätze – das »alterologische Prinzip « der Intersubjektivisten, das »dialogische Prinzip« der Relationalisten (...) und das »dialektisch-emanzipatorische Prinzip« der Beziehungsanalytiker – werden jeweils mit ihren metapsychologischen Konzeptionen vorgestellt, die ethischen Dimensionen ihrer Behandlungstechnik erörtert und schließlich einer kritischen Reflexion unterzogen. Abschließend wird ein klinisches Fallbeispiel, bei dem sich die Autorin in ein von ihr selbst initiiertes Enactment verstrickte, aus den drei unterschiedlichen intersubjektiven Perspektiven diskutiert. Daraus werden Schlussfolgerungen für eine auf die Erforschung der eigenen Subjektivität zentrierte Fehlerkultur erörtert. (shrink)

This special issue of Politics & Society explores the relationship between social policy and financial markets, which was thrown into sharp relief by the financial crisis of 2007-09. The research asks how particular social policies underpin and even create financial markets, specifically mass markets for consumer finance, mortgages, and pensions.

Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Development is the first Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The book contains original contributions to an international symposium which was the first public event to be organised by the Institute: `Vienna--Berlin--Prague: The Rise of Scientific Philosophy: The Centenaries of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach and Edgar Zilsel.' The first section of the book - `Scientific Philosophy - Origins and Developments' reveals the extent of scientific communication in the inter-War years between (...) these great metropolitan centres, as well as presenting systematic investigations into the relevance of the heritage of the Vienna Circle to contemporary research and philosophy. This section offers a new paradigm for scientific philosophy, one which contrasts with the historiographical received view of logical empiricism. Support for this re-evaluation is offered in the second section, which contains, for the first time in English translation, Gustav Bergmann's recollections of the Vienna Circle, and an historical study of political economist Wilhelm Neurath, Otto Neurath's father. The third section gives a report on current computer-based research which documents the relevance of Otto Neurath's `Vienna method of pictorial statistics', or `Isotypes'. A review section describes new publications on Neurath and the Vienna Circle, as well anthologies relevant to Viennese philosophy and its history, setting them in their wider cultural and political perspective. Finally, a description is given of the Vienna Circle Institute and its activities since its foundation, as well as of its plans for the future. (shrink)

This work is for scholars, researchers and students in history and philosophy of science focusing on Logical Empiricism and analytic philosophy (of science). It provides historical and systematic research and deals with the influence and impact of the Vienna Circle/Logical Empiricism on today's philosophy of science. It also explores the intellectual context of this scientific philosophy and focuses on main figures and peripheral adherents.

The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence.

This is the first of the two volumes the second volume being Thomas Ballmer s Biological Foundations of Linguistic Communication (P&B III:7) treating ...

Krieg ist seit Anbeginn europäischer Kulturalität ein Topos, der in unterschiedlichster Weise einer theoretischen Reflexion unterzogen wurde und wird.

The current implementation of the Neo-Darwinian model of evolution typically assumes that the set of possible phenotypes is organized into a highly symmetric and regular space. Most conveniently, a Euclidean vector space is used, representing phenotypic properties by real-valued variables. Computational work on the biophysical genotype-phenotype model of RNA folding, however, suggests a rather different picture. If phenotypes are organized according to genetic accessibility, the resulting space lacks a metric and can be formalized only in terms of a relatively unfamiliar (...) structure. Patterns of phenotypic evolution—such as punctuation, irreversibility, and modularity—result naturally from the properties of the genotype-phenotype map, which, given the genetic accessibility structure, define accessibility in the phenotype space. The classical framework, however, addresses these patterns exclusively in terms of natural selection on suitably constructed fitness landscapes. Recent work has extended the explanatory level for phenotypic evolution from fitness considerations alone to include the topological structure of phenotype space as induced by the genotype-phenotype map. Lewontin’s notion of “quasi-independence” of characters can also be formalized in topological terms: it corresponds to the assumption that a region of the phenotype space is represented by a product space of orthogonal factors. In this picture, each character corresponds to a factor of a region of the phenotype space. We consider any region of the phenotype space that has a given factorization as a “type”, i.e., as a set of phenotypes that share the same set of phenotypic characters. Thus, a theory of character identity can be developed that is based on the correspondence of local factors in different regions of the phenotype space. (shrink)

In this rejoinder, we respond to two commentaries on the study by Greiff, S.; Stadler, M.; Sonnleitner, P.; Wolff, C.; Martin, R. Sometimes less is more: Comparing the validity of complex problem solving measures. Intelligence 2015, 50, 100–113. The study was the first to address the important comparison between a classical measure of complex problem solving (CPS) and the more recent multiple complex systems (MCS) approach regarding their validity. In the study, we investigated the relations between one classical microworld (...) as the initially developed method (here, the Tailorshop) with three more recently developed multiple complex systems (MCS; here, MicroDYN, Genetics Lab, and MicroFIN) tests. We found that the MCS tests showed higher levels of convergent validity with each other than with the Tailorshop even after reasoning was controlled for, thus empirically distinguishing between the two approaches. The commentary by Kretzschmar and the commentary by Funke, Fischer, and Holt expressed several concerns with how our study was conducted, our data was analyzed, and our results were interpreted. Whereas we acknowledge and agree with some of the more general statements made in these commentaries, we respectfully disagree with others, or we consider them to be at least partially in contrast with the existing literature and the currently available empirical evidence. (shrink)

This volume is a result of the international symposium “The Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School in European Culture,” which took place in Warsaw, Poland, September 2015. It collects almost all the papers presented at the symposium as well as some additional ones. The contributors include scholars from Austria, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Poland. The papers are devoted to the history and reception of the Lvov-Warsaw School, a Polish branch of analytic philosophy. They present the School’s achievements as well as its (...) connections to other analytic groups. The contributors also show how the tradition of the School is developed contemporarily. The title will appeal to historians of analytic philosophy as well as historians of philosophy in Central Europe. (shrink)

Die im Wiener Kreis dominierenden konträren Derücer Otto Neurath und Moritz Schlick werden jeweüs mit einem historisch-genetischen Profil persönlich, wissenschaftlich-phüosophisch und politisch charakterisiert. Dabei wüd trotz verschiedener Differenzen — als Extrempositionen im pluralistisch-heterogenen Wiener Kreis — die gemeinsame Müiimalplattform eüier "wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung" und das Bekenntnis zu einer als neuartig verstandenen Forschergemeinschaft transparent. Erst vor diesem Hintergrund sind die beiden Denker- und Persönlichkeitsphysiognomien in einen adäquaten Kontext gestellt: während bei Neurath eine konsistente Entwicklung von den Modellen einer "wissenschaftlichen Philosophie", "Einheitswissenschaft" bis (...) zur "Enzyklopädie" im Zusammenhang mit einem Sozialreformerischen Programm und funktionaler Antimetaphysik zu erkennen ist, wird bei Schlick der Dualismus von Philosophie und Wissenschaft neben einem politischen Liberalismus beibehalten. Auf allgemeinster Ebene kollidieren"phüosophiefreier" RELATIVISMUS und "philosophischer" ABSOLUTISMUS. (shrink)

A biography of Edith Stein. Born as a Jew in Breslau, she converted to Catholicism and became a nun. She was deported in 1942 to Auschwitz, where she perished. Pp. 85-122 relate to the Nazi period. After the rise of the Nazi regime, she wrote to Pope Pius XI asking him to issue an encyclical to protect the Jews, but her request was rejected. In 1987 Stein was beatified by the Vatican.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte gehört zweifellos zu den dunklen Autoren der rechtsphilosophischen Tradition, der, von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, in den letzten Jahren und Jahrzehnten keine nennenswerte rechtsphilosophische Bearbeitung erfahren hat. Wie Cesa ganz zu Recht anmerkt, birgt die mangelnde wissenschaftliche Behandlung dieses hermetischen Systemdenkers über Staat und Recht die immanente Gefahr seiner Banalisierung und daran anschließend seiner Polemisierung bis hin zum politischen Missbrauch durch den Zeitgeist mit sich, der bekanntlich nur der Herren eigner Geist ist. Der geradezu notwendiger Zugang zum ebensolchen (...) Missverstehen der politisch-philosophischen Lehre Fichtes besteht in der Missachtung der metaphysischen Dimension seines Denkens über Staat und Recht. Diese Dimension stellt unbezweifelbar große Anforderungen an den Fichte Studierenden, aber es muss auch gelten, dass eine fundamentalphilosophische Konzeption nicht schon deshalb falsch wird, weil kaum jemand bereit scheint, sich ihr angemessen zu nähern. (shrink)