El proceso de titulación es una preocupación en las universidades que ofertan Ingeniería Civil, ya que es el último escalón para graduarse. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de reforma continua del diseño de titulación en ingeniería civil en una universidad ecuatoriana. Se presentaron 4 etapas, cada una es una mejora de la anterior. Se encuestaron a estudiantes, tutores y directores de tesis de la etapa 4. Los resultados muestran la efectividad de la reforma continua y la (...) necesidad deevaluarlo continuamente. Este trabajo, es el primero en Latinoamérica y servirácomo referencia para otras universidades. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se analiza las posibilidades de la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales (RS) para, desde la perspectiva de los sujetos, analizar los elementos cognitivos implicados y socialmente construidos que sustentan las acciones de gestión micro y macro institucional, y de coordinación entre varias municipalidades de un mismo territorio, lo que la literatura de gestión denomina trabajo asociativo o asociativismo. Interesan específicamente las representaciones sociales de la asociatividad en el tema educativo, desde actores político-administrativos y profesionales implicados en (...) la mejora de la educación municipal. Se postula y fundamenta que el estudio de las Representaciones Sociales del Asociativismo Municipal en Educación es pertinente desde los elementos conceptuales de la perspectiva Procesual, dado que el objeto de Representación –el Asociativismo Municipal en Educación- y las técnicas para su análisis se ajustan a las estrategias de implementación del trabajo asociativo en los distintos niveles de organización municipal en el tema educativo. (shrink)

En este artículo, nos preguntamos si es pertinente un análisis del personaje de Medea de Eurípides, y más concretamente, de su filicidio, a la luz de la doctrina aristotélica de la acción. Resulta dudoso, y quizás equívoco, hablar de "responsabilidad" (en sentido aristotélico) en el caso de la heroína, ya que sus motivaciones, como las de todo héroe trágico, tienen un doble signo: enfrentado a una ἀνάγκη superior, también desea lo que está forzado a hacer. Además, Medea no es una (...) mujer común: es un personaje ontológicamente complejo que participa, más de lo que frecuentemente se ha enfatizado, del plano divino. In this article we wonder if it is pertinent to analyse the character of Euripides' Medea and, more precisely, her filicide, in the light of Aristotle's doctrine of action. With regard to the heroine, it is doubtful and perhaps confusing to talk about "responsibility" (in Aristotelian terms) because her motivations, as all tragic heroes', are two-sided: faced to a superior ἀνάγκη he wants what he is forced to do as well. In addition, Medea is not an ordinary woman: she is an ontologically complex character that has a share in the divine level, a share which is more crucial than what has usually been emphasized. (shrink)

The debate over the improvement of moral capacity or moral enhancement through pharmacology has gained momentum in the last decade as a result of advances in neuroscience. These advances have led to the discovery and allowed the alteration of patterns of human behavior, and have permitted direct interventions on the neuronal structure of behavior. In recent years, this analysis has deepened regarding the anthropological foundations of morality and the reasons that would justify the acceptance or rejection of such technology. We (...) present a review of proposals for pharmacological interventions directed directly towards moral enhancement. In addition, we identify the ethical dilemmas that such interventions may generate, as well as the moral assessment of the authors of these studies. There is a moderate consensus on the risks of any intervention on the intimate structure of the human condition, its autonomy and identity, but there are large differences in explaining the reasons for this concern and especially in justifying such interventions. These findings show that it is necessary to investigate the moral assessment of authors and the ethical dimension within the field of pharmacology in order to identify future trends. (shrink)

BackgroundCurrently a variety of novel scenarios have appeared within nursing practice such as confidentiality of a patient victim of abuse, justice in insolvent patients, poorly informed consent delivery, non-satisfactory medicine outputs, or the possibility to reject a recommended treatment. These scenarios presuppose skills that are not usually acquired during the degree. Thus, the implementation of teaching approaches that promote the acquisition of these skills in the nursing curriculum is increasingly relevant.ObjectiveThe article analyzes an academic model which integrates in the curriculum (...) a series of specific theoretical concepts together with practical skills to acquire the basic ethic assessment competency.Research designThe project includes designing two subjects, General Anthropology and Ethics-Bioethics, with an applied approach in the nursing curriculum. The sequential structure of the curriculum in both subjects is constituted by three learning domains (theoretical, practical, and communicative) with different educational strategies.Ethical considerationsNo significant ethical considerations as this is a discussion paper.FindingsThe model was structured from the anthropology’s concepts and decision-making process, applied to real situations. The structure of the three domains theoretical–practical–communicative is present in each session.DiscussionIt is observed that theoretical domain fosters the capacity for critical analysis and subsequent ability to judge diverse situations. The practical domain reflected two significant difficulties: students’ resistance to internalizing moral problems and the tendency to superficial criticism. The communicative domain has frequently shown that the conflicting points are in the principles to be applied.ConclusionWe conclude that this design achieves its objectives and may provide future nursing professionals with ethical competences especially useful in healthcare practice. The three domains of the presented scheme are associated with the same process used in decision making at individual levels, where the exercise of clinical prudence acquires particular relevance. (shrink)

Las discusiones suscitadas en torno a la exhortación apostólica Amoris laetitia evidencian que a seis lustros de la publicación de Veritatis splendor la temática del objeto moral no ha perdido actualidad. En este contexto, es interesante observar que algunas de las discusiones relativas a este tema tienen su origen en posiciones afines a los presupuestos de la Moral autónoma. A fin de poder efectuar una valoración crítica de tales posiciones, en este estudio ofrecemos una aproximación a la racionalidad normativa teorizada (...) por Franz Böckle en diálogo con el correspondiente discernimiento de Veritatis splendor sobre dicha racionalidad, el cual alcanza su cenit en la afirmación de la existencia de actos intrínsecamente malos. (shrink)

¿Qué tenemos en común y qué nos separa de los animales? ¿Somos un animal más? Las humanidades clásicas, basadas en el excepcionalismo humano, han dado paso a las posthumanidades, que incluyen los estudios animales, así como otras perspectivas que desafían la noción tradicional del sujeto humano, como los estudios de género, poscoloniales y decoloniales, la ecocrítica o la teoría queer. Pensarnos en nuestra relación con los animales tiene consecuencias filosóficas en ámbitos como la ciencia, los afectos, el trabajo y el (...) desarrollo de políticas concretas de salud y de alimentación; todas ellas, zonas de contacto entre humanos y animales. Sobre estos encuentros, aunque nunca reparemos en ello, edificamos nuestro mundo. Este ensayo imprescindible aglutina parte de los conocimientos desarrollados hasta ahora por quienes se han acercado a la relación humano-animal, y los vincula con la historia, los movimientos políticos y sociales, las nuevas concepciones del género, de la ciencia y del conocimiento. Los argumentos, contradicciones, contextos e incluso tabúes que acoge este debate interdisciplinar ayudan a imaginar y a matizar unos presupuestos éticos posibles sobre los que replantear nuestra relación con los animales y, en último término, con nosotros mismos. [Resumen del editor]. (shrink)

El presente libro es una traducción en lengua italiana del original inglés publicado en 2012. Ingmar Persson y Julien Savulescu son reconocidas voces en la discusión académica sobre el potenciamiento moral la cual traspasó las fronteras del ámbito anglosajón. La estructura de la obra se asemeja a una pirámide: el lector se va aproximando al núcleo del potenciamiento moral transitando los nueve capítulos que preceden al último en el cual, como cima de la obra, se ofrece una exposición completa de (...) la temática. Esta estructura refleja la intención de los autores, esto es, reconocer que el potenciamiento moral es la única salida posible para resolver los problemas resultantes del mal uso de la tecnología. En efecto, una de las principales tesis del libro es evidenciar que gracias a la ciencia y la tecnología el hombre cambió radicalmente las condiciones de su vida mientras que su psicología moral permaneció inalterada a lo largo del tiempo. En consecuencia, el hombre no está dotado con una psicología moral adecuada que le permita afrontar los acuciantes problemas morales creados por las nuevas condiciones de vida. Entre los principales problemas se cuentan la posibilidad de utilizar armas de destrucción masiva, el cambio climático y la degradación del ambiente. (shrink)

According to John Searle, default positions, i.e., those intelligibility and action presuppositions, are some departing points from which pre-reflective and pragmatic assumptions are made. Postulating such points helps us deal with certain perennial philosophical issues, by leaving them aside. These problems are the existence of the external world, truth and facts, “direct” perception, the meaning of words, and causality. In this article, we argue that those default positions described by Searle constitute a default humanity, and their absence would dehumanize us. (...) This is particularly relevant in a default position: cooperation, which is the basis of collective intentionality and the milestone of human civilization. (shrink)

Background During the most critical phases of COVID-19 pandemic, dramatic situations were experienced in hospitals and care centers that nurses could hardly verbalize. Especially relevant were deep challenges related to terminal illness, situations of extreme sacrifice, as well as reflections on protective measures mixed with beliefs. We intend to analyze which problems had the greatest impact on professionals. Aim The aim is to explore the ultimate basis for action when making decisions and the orientation of their behavior in the face (...) of moral conflicts. Method The methodological strategy is an interpretive synthesis. Narrative review of academic articles that analyzed ethical dilemmas during the pandemic was carried out by searching five databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINHAL, and WOS) between January 2020 and December 2022. Finally, 43 articles were selected. Ethical Considerations Ethical requirements were respected in all study phases. Results The reading and review of the 43 articles initiated the first phase of inductive coding which resulted in 14 initial sub-themes. Based on this structure, a second phase of coding was carried out, giving rise to six categories or emerging themes. To facilitate the process of identifying the central category, the authors agreed to carry out a phase of synthesis, grouping the six themes into three meta-themes: the identification and acceptance of human vulnerability; the discovery of positive paradigms in traumatic situations in society; the prevalence of the common good over the particular interest, as the core structure of any society. Conclusion The study has shown the need to consider healthcare benevolence as a new dimension of health care upon global vulnerability. Responsibility is required to ensure the well-being of a global society, prioritizing the common good over particular interests and building solutions on solid moral structures. A new ethical landscape is essential, starting with a humanistic curricular training of all healthcare professionals. (shrink)

In the mid XIXth century, an illustrated intellectual minority questioned the colonial mentality of the system of Spanish domination revealing in its writings an attempt at construction of the sign of woman based on liberal, progressive and post independence ideologies. Within this minority we find the Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper, whose concern for the social condition of women is revealed in her work in the image of an educated woman. Using the text La mujer en la sociedad (...) moderna [Woman in Modern Society] and the novel Una holandesa en América [A Dutch Woman in America], this article analyzes two aspects of the image of women in Acosta: that of woman as a moralizer and that of religiosity. The analysis of these two themes shows Acosta’s use of the normative discourses of the period in her project of giving woman a more important social role and they become strategies to tone down the potential for transgression of the new situation for women that she desires. (shrink)

The second and final part of this collaboration shows and justifies how One Hundred Years of Solitude condenses an ethical approach –with vetero testamentary accent: sin/punishment– about the customs, habits, beliefs and own assessments of human action in the history of Macondo. This novel is a symbol of moral living not only in the region but in the whole world. An ethical matriarchy runs –in wretched solitude– as magma of fears and premonitions, stickler conscience and scandalous relaxation; murder, incest and (...) lust; labor exploitation, injustice, dependency and extravagance, the irreversible slope of no longer have a second opportunity on earth. (shrink)

Mi propósito es doble. Mostrar cómo la pregunta por el sentido de la vida y la matriz del sentimiento religioso del Tolstoi maduro, que él considera cristianismo verdadero, se funda en la experiencia subjetiva del miedo ante la muerte y la angustia ante la soledad que la misma comporta. Este aspecto es el núcleo de su religiosidad por cuanto de él se deriva el valor de la fraternidad, centro de una moral humanista y altruista paradójica que sacraliza el vínculo (...) amoroso entre los hombres a la par que se fundamenta en el sometimiento a la voluntad de Dios. Por otra parte, las concepciones de Tolstoi tal como se expresan no sólo en El Evangelio Abreviado, sino también en sus relatos literarios ayudaron al joven Wittgenstein de los años de guerra a darle forma a un sentimiento religioso acorde con el sentido que la presencia interiorizada de la muerte tenía para el literato ruso. Ahora bien, lo que respectivamente entienden por voluntad divina, a la que ambos dicen someterse, varía significativamente de uno a otro. Al cabo, mientras que Tolstoi sacraliza el amor fraterno, Wittgenstein enfatiza el dominio de sí y la salvación espiritual interior, cobrando una mayor importancia la dimensión privada del punto de vista religioso. (shrink)

El pensamiento de María Zambrano emerge, en la distancia histórica, bajo la imagen, siempre sugerente, de una Antígona contemporánea. Como ella asiste al conflicto trágico de una Guerra Civil; como ella apura el cáliz del sufrimiento y la soledad para hacer emerger una conducta ética y moral que sirva de Guía a sus contemporáneos, en un momento de crisis y confusión. Todas las grandes nociones del pensamiento zambraniano (sueño, confesión, guía, alba y aurora) se dan cita en esta máscara, (...) pero será el personaje galdoniano de la Nina de Misericordia, como aspiración pura nunca lograda, el verdadero motor que revela la personalidad de María Zambrano, tal como la vemos florecer en sus obras finales, Aurora, Claros del bosque y, sobre todo, Los bienaventurados. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende mostrar cómo en la filosofía de Andrés Bello puede llegar a comprenderse el cuerpo como suposición y como una entidad propuesta con anterioridad empírica que hace posible la comprensión del dinamismo de la propia realidad y a la vez la coexistencia de los fenómenos en el mundo. Además, el papel de medium ejercido por esta corporalidad permitiría dar cuenta de la referencialidad en la relación mundo-mente. Todo ello enmarcado bajo una posible deriva fenomenalista lingüística del propio (...) autor a través de la defensa del juicio como aquél que actúa como referencia del significado de la propia sensación para poder dar validez y existencia a las propias percepciones e ideas. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo tratamos de subrayar la relación entre Maimónides y Avempace. Ambos ponen el fin del hombre en la vida teorética, en la adquisición de las virtudes intelectuales y en la unión con el Intelecto Agente, que consideran un don de Dios. Igualmente, ambos insisten en la necesidad de adquirir las virtudes morales, que son un medio para lograr las intelectuales y para la formación de la vida social. Finalmente, ambos autores coincides en el valor que tiene (...) la soledad para el sabio. (shrink)

Es difícil pensar tanto la vida moral como la vida comunitaria fuera dela tensión entre los Otros y el sí-mismo. Por una parte, de cara a la cohesión dela sociedad y a que la persona singular encuentre su dimensión comunitaria, sehace necesaria una suerte de vida transparente, sin secretos, a fuer de honesta.Sin embargo, por otra parte, cuando el entorno social es moralmente cuestionable,se hace imprescindible una paideía privada que permita la orientación moral delsujeto personal, por más que ello le (...) reporte soledad e incomprensión por parte desus conciudadanos, debiendo, entonces, construir un espacio de privacidad. (shrink)

Fiodor Dostoievski rasga el alma humana hasta dejarla herida por el sufrimiento, la culpa y el aislamiento. Y, sin embargo, la derrota no gana la batalla. La escritora sureña estadounidense Carson McCullers escribe sobre la soledad y la miseria del sur de los Estados Unidos con una mirada atenta a los paisajes desolados de la Rusia de Fiodor Dostoievski, no sólo físicos sino esencialmente metafísicos. Esta autora que ya leyó al maestro ruso a los 13 años explora las entrañas (...) humanas desde un terreno rural, desolador, inhóspito y desafortunado, con diferencias raciales, sobreexposición de alcohol y con un concepto de bien moral interno que aparece como una pulsión constante e inagotable. En esta aproximación queremos destacar cómo el misterio del mal, pero también el acto de la voluntad y la incomunicación, son aspectos que unen a ambos autores, especialmente en dos de sus obras maestras, Crimen y Castigo y El corazón es un cazador solitario, respectivamente. (shrink)

We describe the informed consent procedures in a research clinic in Santiago, Chile, and a qualitative study that evaluated these procedures. The recruitment process involves information, counseling and screening of volunteers, and three or four visits to the clinic. The study explored the decision‐making process of women participating in contraceptive trials through 36 interviews. Women understood the research as experimentation or progress. The decision to participate was facilitated by the information provided; time to consider it and to discuss it with (...) partners or relatives; and perceived benefits such as quality of care, non‐cost provision of methods and medical care. For some women, participation was an opportunity to express altruism. The main obstacles for participation were perceived side effects or risks. The final risk‐benefit balance was strongly influenced by women’s needs. Women perceived that the consent form benefited the clinic, proving that participants had made a free decision, and benefited the volunteers by warranting their right to free medical care. The most important problem detected was occasional misunderstanding of the information given on the form. We concluded that a full decision‐making process enhances women’s ability to exercise their right to choose, and assures research institutions that trials are conducted without coercion and that the participants are committed to the study. Researchers have the responsibility of conducting this process. (shrink)

Por supuesto se expresa como quien conoce muy bien los términos jurídicos pero con la habilidad de no abrumar al interlocutor. Inspira confianza. Es una mujer grande que mira directamente a los ojos y sonríe casi siempre. Escucha con atención y acierta a comunicar desde la propia experiencia no ya de brillante profesional de la judicatura, sino de mujer, madre, compañera� Enseguida hemos pasado del usted al tú�.

El artículo analiza el rol que cumple la confianza en la construcción de la realidad social, argumentando que constituye uno de sus componentes esenciales. Lo es porque hace posible el nacimiento, permanencia y reconocimiento colectivo de las instituciones, así como su iteración y organización en subsistemas.

How is social inequality reproduced through day-to-day practices? In this commentary, we use the geographical context of Mexico City to argue that social inequality is maintained by “class work” of elites. Specifically, we discuss how (1) urban planning crystallizes class boundaries, (2) private school education reproduces them, and (3) tipping prevents their disruption.

Em 1997, o grupo de rap Racionais Mc’s gravou o primeiro videoclipe dentro de uma instituição prisional no Brasil. A partir disso, houve uma profusão de audiovisuais que narraram a vida dos presos nas instituições de privação de liberdade. Nesse contexto, foi perceptível que as narrativas sobre o cárcere não ficaram confinadas nas vozes, nos gestos e nas cabeças dos atores sócio-históricos fora do universo prisional. Grupos nascidos dentro das prisões, como o 509-E e o Detentos do Rap, também buscaram (...) narrar a experiência do cárcere a partir da produção de videoclipes. Sendo assim, este trabalho busca analisar - a partir da linguagem videoclíptica - o modo como o cárcere foi narrado pelos grupos de rap brasileiros, situando as diferenças entre as narrativas produzidas por apenados e não apenados.Palavras-chave: Videoclipe. RAP. Narrativas. Cárcere. (shrink)

Hélène Cixous is more than an influential theorist. She is also a groundbreaking author and playwright. Combining an idiosyncratic mix of autobiographical and fictional narrative with a host of philosophical and poetic observations, Cixous's writing matches the kaleidoscopic nature of her thought, offering new ways of conceptualizing sex, relationships, identity, and the self, among other topics. Yet, as Jacques Derrida once observed, a "profound misunderstanding" hangs over the accomplishments of Cixous, with many believing the intellectual excelled only at theoretical exploration. (...) Providing a truly liberal selection of her writings from throughout her career, Marta Segarra rediscovers Cixous's acts of invention for a new generation to enjoy. Divided into thematic concerns, these works fully capture Cixous's genius for merging fiction, theory, and the experience of living. They discuss dreaming in the feminine, Algeria and Germany, love and the other, the animal, Derrida, and the theater. They defy classification, locking literature, philosophy, and psychoanalysis into thrilling new patterns of engagement. Whether readers are familiar with Cixous or are approaching her thought for the first time, all will find fresh perspectives on gender, fiction, drama, philosophy, religion, and the postcolonial. (shrink)

Al oír el término “mujer andaluza”, automáticamente vamos a visualizar una serie de características (y no otras) que van a corresponder con un modelo de patrón ideal visual. En esta conformación, el arte tiene es un pilar fundamental. Desde distintas corrientes y esferas tales como la pintura, el cine, la música o la literatura, atendemos a la construcción de un personaje donde la esencia se reduce a un plano mítico, desechando la propia identidad de las mujeresrepresentadas. En el siguiente artículo (...) vamos a desgranar cómo la construcción de este ideal de mujer andaluza es esencialista, a partir del análisis de cuatro obras. Esto nos ayudará a entender cómo el impacto de esta mitificación no solo reside en la concepción estética,sino en la concepción cultural y por tanto su aceptación o rechazo en los diferentes planos de la vida socio política de las mujeres. Palabras clave: arte, género, mito, cultura, Andalucía. (shrink)

The perplexing relationship between two of the twentieth century’s most important philosophers, Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger, has been the subject of much speculation within academic circles. For Arendt, Heidegger was at once, her mentor, her lover, and her friend. In this paper, we juxtapose Arendt’s theory of the banality of evil against her relationship with Heidegger in an effort to consider the question: How does corporeality inform theorizing? In answering this question, we repudiate the conventional reading of the banality (...) of evil, which attributes the theory to Arendt’s analysis of Adolf Eichmann during the latter’s criminal trial for the actions that he perpetrated in the operation of the Holocaust. Instead, we argue that the theory is, more compellingly, reflective of Arendt’s deeply personal attempts at making sense of Heidegger’s decision to affiliate himself with the German Nazi Party in the years preceding, and during, the Second World War. Through this revisionist account of the banality of evil, we animate the idea that theorizing is the discursive corollary, and belongs within the phenomenological parameters, of corporeality. Finally, we contend that any constructive understanding of how corporeality informs theorizing will only be realized, when there is a collapsing of the seemingly impervious philosophical boundaries that demarcate between ontology and epistemology. (shrink)

Differences in Common engages in the ongoing debate on ‘community’ focusing on its philosophical and political aspects through a gendered perspective. It explores the subversive and enriching potential of the concept of community, as seen from the perspective of heterogeneity and distance, and not from homogeneity and fused adhesions. This theoretical reflection is, in most of the essays included here, based on the analysis of literary and filmic texts, which, due to their irreducible singularity, teach us to think without being (...) tied, or needing to resort, to commonplaces. Philosophers such as Arendt, Blanchot, Foucault, Agamben or Derrida have made seminal reflections on community, often inspired by contemporary historical events and sometimes questioning the term itself. More recently, thinkers like Judith Butler, Gayatri Spivak or Rada Ivekovic—included in this volume are essays by all three—have emphasized the gender bias in the debate, also problematizing the notion of community. Most of the essays gathered in Differences in Common conceive community not as the affirmation of several properties which would unite us to other similar individuals, but as the “expropriation” of ourselves (Esposito), in an intimate diaspora. Community does not fill the gap between subjects but places itself in this gap or void. This conception stresses the subject’s vulnerability, a topic which is also central to this volume. The body of community is thus opened by a “wound” (Cixous) which exposes us to the contagion of otherness. The essays collected here reflect on different topics related to these issues, such as: gender and nation; nationalism, internationalism, transnationalism; nationalism’s naturalization of citizenship and the exclusion of women from citizenship; the violent consequences of a gendered nation on women’s bodies; gendering community; preservation of difference(s) within the community; bodily vulnerability and new politics; community and mourning; community and the politics of memory; fiction, historical truth and (fake) documentary; love, relationality and community; interpretive communities and virtual communities on the Web, among others. Joana Sabadell-Nieto is Professor of Contemporary Spanish Literature (Gender and Feminist Studies) at Hamilton College (USA) and Researcher at the Center for Women and Literature at the University of Barcelona. Marta Segarra is Professor of French and Francophone literature and Gender Studies at the University of Barcelona (Spain), Director of the UNESCO Chair Women, Development and Cultures and co-founder and director of the Center for Women and Literature (2003-2012). (shrink)

The eugenic abortion becomes an important threat for people with functional diversity since their human realities finds again in special vulnerability. The practice of abortion represents one of the prominent claims of women. They need to preserve their sexual and reproductive rights, to take free decisions about their bodies and their reproductive processes. The culture of peace should also consider these realities: to respect the freedom of women, to respect the existence of men and women with functional diversity too. So (...) abortion, eugenic abortion, infanticide, … are important questions to deal with, in order to clarify they hidden sides and to support a culture of peace for everyone, with and without functional diversity. (shrink)

Thoughtprints Anne E. Berger andMarta Segarra I admit to it in the name of autobiography and in order to confide in you the following: [...] I have a particularly animalist perception and interpretation of what I do, think, write, live, ...

This article analyzes the migrant caravans as a strategy of resistance to the war against migrants in transit to the United States, exacerbated during the pandemic. This is the edited transcript of an interview conducted with Honduran journalist Inmer Gerardo Chevez, correspondent of Radio Progreso. Having travelled the Central American and Mexican routes accompanying on foot the transit of thousands of migrants since 2018, Chevez is a notable eyewitness and expert in situ of the Caravans. The interview confirms that the (...) caravan has become one of the premier forms in which Latin American migrants, including agricultural workers, struggle and their spatial dispute with the heterogeneous border control regime of the Americas are materialized. The text also reflects on the role that photography and critical journalism can play in the face of the contemporary anti-migrant policy turn. We conclude with an interpretation of the effects that the militarized violence against Latin American migrants in transit to the United States is having across the region. (shrink)

This paper examines key aspects in the innovative behavior of the construction firms that determine their environmental orientation while innovating. Structural equation modeling was used and data of 222 firms retrieved from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel for 2010 to analyse the drivers of environmental orientation of the construction firms during the innovation process. The results show that the environmental orientation is positively affected by the product and process orientation of construction firms during the innovation process. Furthermore, the positive relation (...) between the importance of market information sources and environmental orientation, mediated by process and product orientation, is discussed. Finally, a model that explains these relations is proposed and validated. Results have important managerial implications for those companies worried about their eco-innovative focus as the types of actions and relations within firms most suitable for improving their eco-innovative orientation are highlighted. (shrink)

En este artículo intentamos desarrollar mínimamente los cinco discursos sobre la felicidad que hemos encontrado en la obra de Kant. Los hemos encontrado con dificultad, porque no se trata de discursos ordenados ni continuados a lo largo de sus páginas, sino más bien de sugerencias que van apareciendo de vez en cuando al hilo de otras re" exiones. La felicidad se dibuja como totalidad, como un concepto indeterminado, como el polo opuesto a la cultura, como sentimiento y como bien. Aunque (...) no se trate de discursos bien enlazados, es posible seguirles la pista a lo largo de los textos. No obstante, hay otra sugerencia que Kant nos proporciona y que él mismo no desarrolla en absoluto: según ella la felicidad sería el ideal de la imaginación. Este sexto discurso no pronunciado tal vez pudiera suministrar la clave que nos sirva para encontrar la coherencia de los demás. (shrink)

Dice Kant que la locura no consiste en un desarreglo de la razón. No es que el loco razone incorrectamente, sino que su razonamiento opera desde otros presupuestos diferentes y se aplica a otros datos, pero sus principios siguen siendo los mismos. La oposición de Kant a todo innatismo le lleva, entre otras cosas, a hablar de usos más que de contenidos de la razón. Y entre esos usos están los de la razón científica, los del entusiasmo revolucionario, los del (...) fanatismo y también los de la locura. La psicología moderna ha dejado de lado toda la reflexión kantiana acerca de la psicopatología que, aunque fragmentaria y asistemática, aún puede proporcionar consecuencias interesantes en este terreno. Vamos, pues, a analizar alguno de los rasgos de este uso de la razón que genéricamente se ha llamado locura y que cobran una especial relevancia desde las críticas que desde hace ya unos 50 años se le han venido haciendo a una cierta medicalización de la psicología. Este análisis habrá de remitirnos irremediablemente al problema de la constitución de la subjetividad y tendremos que enfrentarnos al nuevo concepto de sujeto que Kant propone a la filosofía y que todavía, en mi opinión, dos siglos y medio después, no hemos acabado de entender. Sean, pues, estas reflexiones una modesta contribución también a este entendimiento. (shrink)

There are two important traditions in the philosophy of induction. According to one tradition, which has dominated for the last couple of centuries, inductive arguments are warranted by rules. Bayesianism is the most popular view within this tradition. Rules of induction provide functional accounts of inductive support, but no rule is universal; hence, no rule is by itself an accurate model of inductive support. According to another tradition, inductive arguments are not warranted by rules but by matters of fact. Norton’s (...) material theory of induction (MTI) is an influential view within this tradition. Norton’s MTI fails to provide an account of inductive support, but it provides a good account of inductive warrant that can help us define the domain of validity of each rule of induction. Despite their limitations, both approaches to induction are illuminating important aspects of how relations of inductive support work. In this article I present a hybrid theory of induction (HTI), in which I acknowledge and articulate the role of both rules and matters of fact in our understanding of inductive support. According to the HTI, rules of induction accurately describe relations of inductive support when they are warranted, and a rule of induction is warranted if the right facts about the matter of the induction obtain. Crucially, the HTI allows us to address the main challenges that each tradition faces while retaining their strengths, thus obtaining a functional and accurate account of inductive support. The HTI also provides a useful general framework to examine and understand induction, to make sense of how different rules of induction can coexist and to tackle some problems in epistemology. Moreover, the HTI allows us to clarify and resolve some current debates on induction, like the apparent divide between Norton and rule-based theorists. (shrink)

In the present study, we investigated the effects of selective attention at encoding on conceptual object priming (Experiment 1) and old-new recognition memory (Experiment 2) tasks in young and older adults. The procedures of both experiments included encoding and memory test phases separated by a short delay. At encoding, the picture outlines of two familiar objects, one in blue and the other in green, were presented to the left and to the right of fixation. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed (...) to attend to the picture outline of a certain color and to classify the object as natural or artificial. After a short delay, participants performed a natural/ artificial speeded conceptual classification task with repeated attended, repeated unattended and new pictures. In Experiment 2, participants at encoding memorized the attended pictures and classified them as natural or artificial. After the encoding phase, they performed an old-new recognition memory task. Consistent with previous findings with perceptual priming tasks, we found that conceptual object priming, like explicit memory, required attention at encoding. Significant priming was obtained in both age groups, but only for those pictures that were attended at encoding. Although older adults were slower than young adults, both groups showed facilitation for attended pictures. In line with previous studies, young adults had better recognition memory than older adults. (shrink)

Work on representing women's voices in ethics has produced a vision of moral understanding profoundly subversive of the traditional philosophical conception of moral knowledge. 1 explicate this alternative moral “epistemology,” identify how it challenges the prevailing view, and indicate some of its resources for a liberatory feminist critique of philosophical ethics.