Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

The 2003 SARS pandemic heralded the return of quarantine as a vital part of twenty-first century public health practice. Over the last two decades, MERS, Ebola, and other emerging infectious diseases each posed unique challenges for applying quarantine ethics lessons learned from the 2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. In an increasingly interdependent and connected global world, the use of quarantine to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, similarly poses new and unexpected ethical challenges. In this essay, we look beyond standard debates (...) about the ethics of quarantine and state power to explore a key quarantine principle, Reciprocity, and how it is being negotiated by healthcare workers, volunteers, and citizens in the context of the Wuhan, China, quarantine. We analyze Reciprocity through the lens of two Wuhan case studies: healthcare workers, particularly nurses, who are simultaneously essential workers and quarantined citizens, asked by their hospital administration to shave their heads because adequate PPE was not available, and citizen-to-citizen mutual aid societies attempting to fill gaps in essential supplies left unfilled by the state. We analyze social media and video-blogs from Wuhan, on the platforms of Douyin and Sina Weibo, to understand how people define and respond to ethical and legal obligations in the wake of COVID-19. It is no surprise that quarantine principles from the 2003 SARS outbreak are inadequate for COVID-19 and that both infectious disease outbreak responses and ethics must adapt to the virtual age. We offer ideas to strengthen and clarify Reciprocal obligations for the state, hospital administrators, and citizens as the globe prepares for the next wave of COVID-19 circulating now. (shrink)

Research productivity is an important criterion for the university to assess teachers. Studies about factors that affect teachers’ research productivity are increasing nowadays. It is generally agreed that academics’ research productivity depends on how much mentorship is provided to them and how the current working environment is mediated by their research motivation and self-efficacy. Despite the increasing amount of the literature along this line, we know little about what kinds of situations that Chinese university English as a foreign language (EFL) (...) teachers are in and how they regard the importance of mentorship and what roles their working environments would play in affecting their research productivity. To fill the research gap, we utilized the snowball method to collect the survey data from 546 Chinese EFL tertiary teachers. The results show that mentorship is not correlated with research productivity while the working environment has a positive direct correlation with it. Both motivation and self-efficacy mediate the working environment and research productivity significantly. Specifically, only extrinsic motivation has a negative mediation influence on teachers’ research productivity; teachers’ intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy play a positive mediation role in affecting their research productivity. (shrink)

There are two accounts of how readers of unspaced writing systems know where to move their eyes: saccades are directed toward default targets ; or saccade lengths are adjusted dynamically, as a function of ongoing parafoveal processing. This article reports an eye-movement experiment supporting the latter hypothesis by demonstrating that the slope of the relationship between the saccade launch site on word N and the subsequent fixation landing site on word N + 1 is > 1, suggesting that saccades are (...) lengthened from launch sites that afford more parafoveal processing. This conclusion is then evaluated and confirmed via simulations using implementations of both hypotheses, with a discussion of these results for our understanding of saccadic targeting during reading and existing models of eye-movement control. (shrink)

A fundamental question in reading research concerns whether attention is allocated strictly serially, supporting lexical processing of one word at a time, or in parallel, supporting concurrent lexical processing of two or more words (Reichle, Liversedge, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2009). The origins of this debate are reviewed. We then report three simulations to address this question using artificial reading agents (Liu & Reichle, 2010; Reichle & Laurent, 2006) that learn to dynamically allocate attention to 1–4 words to “read” as efficiently (...) as possible. These simulation results indicate that the agents strongly preferred serial word processing, although they occasionally attended to more than one word concurrently. The reason for this preference is discussed, along with implications for the debate about how humans allocate attention during reading. (shrink)

Green consumption values have been shown to motivate consumers to engage in green consumption practices. However, surprisingly little research has examined how green consumption values develop in young people. In the current study, we employed ecological socialization theory as a framework to investigate the process by which parents’ green consumption values shape similar values in their young adolescents. In Study 1, data from 722 Chinese families that included an early adolescent showed that both mothers’ and fathers’ green consumption values were (...) positively associated with early adolescents’ green consumption values, and this association was mediated by each parent’s environmentally responsible consumption behavior. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 using two waves of matched parent-adolescent data collected a month apart from another group of 477 Chinese families. Furthermore, Study 2 showed that the mediation process identified in Study 1 was evident only when there was a close parent–child relationship. These findings have implications for cultivating the green consumption values of today’s youth. The results also have heuristic value for future research on the ecological socialization and inter-generational transmission of pro-environmental values. (shrink)

PurposeOlder adults aged 60 years and above are classified as being of high-risk for infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the associations of psychological factors of preventive behaviors with three preventive behaviors among Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was administered via SOJUMP, a widely used online survey platform in China. A total of 928 older adults were recruited using a snowball sampling approach from Hubei Province and outside Hubei Province in China (...) during May 18, 2020 to June 7, 2020. Multiple hierarchical regressions were conducted with four models to examine the association between demographic, past behavior, psychological factors and each preventive behavior.Principal FindingsAll three preventive behaviors in older adults increased dramatically during the pandemic of COVID-19. Gender, living status, educational level, past behavior, health knowledge, intention and planning significantly predicted hand washing behavior, R2 = 0.395, F = 54.372, p < 0.001. Gender, education level, important others infection, past behavior, health knowledge, planning and action control significantly predicted mask wearing behavior, R2 = 0.202, F = 23.197, p < 0.001. Living place, past behavior and health knowledge significantly predicted social distancing behavior, R2 = 0.204, F = 26.201, p < 0.001.Major ConclusionsPast behavior and health knowledge predicted all three preventive behaviors. Planning was an important psychological factor for both hand washing and mask wearing behaviors. All those critical demographic and psychological factors are critical for future interventions to facilitate older adults to comply with three preventive behaviors in daily life and to stay healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

本书内容包括20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义概述, 20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义的新变化与动因, 20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义的主要新观点——反思与批判, 生态社会主义的实践和启示等.

As a social issue of widespread concern, work-to-family conflict has been found to adversely affect employees’ work and family lives. The current research linked employees’ work-to-family conflict to disruptions in parenting and in turn to adolescents’ materialism. In Study 1, two-wave data from 207 Chinese dual-career families that included an adolescent in junior high school showed that both men’s and women’s work-to-family conflict was positively correlated with material rewards parenting, and this positive relationship was stronger when parenting daughters than sons. (...) Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 in a sample of 284 Chinese dual-career families that included an adolescent of the same age group. Furthermore, Study 2 showed that employees’ work-to-family conflict was indirectly related to their adolescent offspring’s materialism through increased material rewards parenting, and this mediating effect was stronger for daughters. The results are discussed in terms of the spillover and crossover processes that affect employees and their families in the context of work-to-family conflict. (shrink)

As a social issue of widespread concern, work-to-family conflict has been found to adversely affect employees’ work and family lives. The current research linked employees’ work-to-family conflict to disruptions in parenting and in turn to adolescents’ materialism. In Study 1, two-wave data from 207 Chinese dual-career families that included an adolescent in junior high school showed that both men’s and women’s work-to-family conflict was positively correlated with material rewards parenting, and this positive relationship was stronger when parenting daughters than sons. (...) Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 in a sample of 284 Chinese dual-career families that included an adolescent of the same age group. Furthermore, Study 2 showed that employees’ work-to-family conflict was indirectly related to their adolescent offspring’s materialism through increased material rewards parenting, and this mediating effect was stronger for daughters. The results are discussed in terms of the spillover and crossover processes that affect employees and their families in the context of work-to-family conflict. (shrink)

At the level of English resource vocabulary, due to the lack of vocabulary alignment structure, the translation of neural machine translation has the problem of unfaithfulness. This paper proposes a framework that integrates vocabulary alignment structure for neural machine translation at the vocabulary level. Under the proposed framework, the neural machine translation decoder receives external vocabulary alignment information during each step of the decoding process to further alleviate the problem of missing vocabulary alignment structure. Specifically, this article uses the word (...) alignment structure of statistical machine translation as the external vocabulary alignment information and introduces it into the decoding step of neural machine translation. The model is mainly based on neural machine translation, and the statistical machine translation vocabulary alignment structure is integrated on the basis of neural networks and continuous expression of words. In the model decoding stage, the statistical machine translation system provides appropriate vocabulary alignment information based on the decoding information of the neural machine translation and recommends vocabulary based on the vocabulary alignment information to guide the neural machine translation decoder to more accurately estimate its vocabulary in the target language. From the aspects of data processing methods and machine translation technology, experiments are carried out to compare the data processing methods based on language model and sentence similarity and the effectiveness of machine translation models based on fusion principles. Comparative experiment results show that the data processing method based on language model and sentence similarity effectively guarantees data quality and indirectly improves the algorithm performance of machine translation model; the translation effect of neural machine translation model integrated with statistical machine translation vocabulary alignment structure is compared with other models. (shrink)

本书是研究马克思主义哲学的成果汇集。这些成果从马克思主义哲学的视域,对当代重大现实问题和理论问题进行了认真的研究.

本书的写作将中心放在对科学主义的主要挑战上。各章均采取强迫对话的方式,直接提出文化研究者对于当前主流社会科学研究的省思,针对具体的研究议程,铺陳迥异的研究设问与方法论,既引介来自文化研究学界对于社会科 学主义的检讨,也探究文化研究学者如何对于社会科学研究另辟蹊径。藉此批判精神的实践,邀请读者也能针对知识之性质,共同参与探究,进而深思当代社会科学与政治知识的意义,摸索自己的立场,开辟有助于鼓励对话的知 识平台.

內容簡介 二十世紀的「現象學運動」影響了存在哲學（存在主義）、哲學詮釋學、解構主義、現代美學、藝術哲學等等，以及所謂「後現代的文化思潮」之發展。 二十一世紀的今日，我們對「中華古典哲學」的反思，似乎可以從歐洲的現象學運動之思潮中，找到一些足以對話和互為理解的可能。 本書就試著嘗試這種互為理解與東西文化交涉的努力，希望提供給對這個話題有興趣的讀者們，開顯出一扇觀照內外在的哲學之門，而通過這扇門能夠走向人生的智慧之旅。.

Zhejiang's aesthetic education has developed rapidly in recent years, especially in the context of global aesthetic education that promotes the integration of noble culture with popular culture and emphasizes diversity, compromise, and reproducibility. In light of this year's high reexamination of aesthetic education by the country, provinces, and cities, aesthetic education has been elevated to a new level. However, existing aesthetic education still has problems, such as the indistinguishability of aesthetic education and art education concepts, the one-sidedness of aesthetic education (...) content, and the shortage of aesthetic education teachers. These problems have long affected the development of Zhejiang's aesthetic education. The issue of promoting aesthetic education has become a major concern for aesthetic education teachers throughout the province and even the country. Therefore, this article focuses on the current situation and problems of Zhejiang's aesthetic education. A comparison of the current status and achievements of Taiwan's aesthetic education with Zhejiang, drawing on each other's experience, learning from each other's strengths and weaknesses, and in-depth research on teachers' performance in aesthetic education, aesthetic education training programs, and campus cultural construction, and other aspects is put forward. A series of implementation plans for the promotion of aesthetic education, such as "synergy training" and "education of people with a view," was provided as a practical experiment and a theoretical reference for promoting the rapid development of aesthetic education in the country. (shrink)

本书收录了:法理学的定位与使命、谈法学的研究方法、什么是民法哲学、国际法发展中的人本主义倾向等论文。.

This study tested a conceptual model in which photo-sharing behavior during travel elicits tourists’ emotional state, and in turn improves evaluation of the tourism product. The research results in the context of tourist attractions and restaurants provide support for the proposed model. Specifically, tourists’ photo-sharing behavior was significantly associated with more positive product evaluation, both directly and indirectly via the emotion of pleasure. These associations were stronger when the interdependent self-construers had good social experience. The results provide practical guidance for (...) marketers to developing marketing strategy. (shrink)

本卷收入胡适哲学与文化方面的论文、函牍、讲演、札记80余篇。其中包括实验主义、我们对于西洋近代文明的态度等重要文章。所收文章全面反映了胡适哲学思想、学术主张和对于中西文化的态度,对于了解和研究胡适本人 以及现代中国学术史、现代中国启蒙运动等内容。.