After introducing the adoption problem (AP) as the claim that certain basic logical principles cannot be adopted, I offer a characterization of this notion as a two-phase process consisting in (1) the acceptance of a basic logical principle, and (2) the development, in virtue of Phase 1, of a practice of inferring in accordance with that principle. The case of a subject who does not infer in accordance with universal instantiation is considered in detail. I argue that the AP has (...) deep and wide implications for the epistemology of logic, extending well beyond Kripke’s original target, viz. Putnam’s proposal for the empirical revision of logic and its background Quinean epistemology. In particular, the AP questions whether basic logical principles could have a fundamental role in our inferential practices, drawing our attention to the nature of basic inferences and the need to have a clearer conception of them before taking a stand on the matter of the epistemic justification of the logical principles. (shrink)

Scholars in the humanities and social sciences have turned to ethics to theorize politics in what seems to be an increasingly depoliticized age. Yet the move toward ethics has obscured the ongoing value of political responsibility and the vibrant life it represents as an effective response to power. Sounding the alarm for those who care about robust forms of civic engagement, this book fights for a new conception of political responsibility that meets the challenges of today's democratic practice. Antonio Y. (...) Vázquez-Arroyo forcefully argues against the notion that modern predicaments of power can only be addressed ethically or philosophically through pristine concepts that operate outside of the political realm. By returning to the political, the individual is reintroduced to the binding principles of participatory democracy and the burdens of acting and thinking as a member of a collective. Vázquez-Arroyo historicizes the ethical turn to better understand its ascendence and reworks Adorno's dialectic of responsibility to reassert the political in contemporary thought and theory. (shrink)

La cuestión de la técnica y los posibles efectos e implicancias de la misma en las sociedades contemporáneas es una temática recurrente en pensadores del siglo XX. Se trata de un fenómeno que de una u otra manera fue abordado por quienes intentaron comprender el ritmo de las sociedades de la época. Nos interesa particularmente pensar los desarrollos de tres autores que, según nuestro criterio, han reflexionado sobre la cuestión de la técnica moderna junto a otros aspectos sociales y culturales (...) claves para comprenderla en profundidad. Por un lado, Herbert Marcuse se refiere a los avances tecnológicos en el marco de un diagnóstico crítico de las sociedades del capitalismo avanzado con el interés de pensar la posibilidad de transformarlas. Walter Benjamin, por otro, reflexiona sobre el progreso técnico en relación con las posibilidades del mismo en el ámbito estético: la reproductibilidad técnica de la obra de arte y, específicamente, el sentido político de este fenómeno junto a su carácter sintomático del proceso social en general. Por último, Martin Heidegger también aborda la cuestión de la técnica moderna y algunas de sus implicancias, pero desde otro lugar: en el marco de una reflexión acerca de la historia de la interpretación del ser o, mejor, de la metafísica. Nos interesa ensayar un acercamiento al planteo de estos pensadores, y, quizás, encontrar y articular algunos puntos de encuentro o, también, de desencuentro. (shrink)

Despite the fact that reproduction of experiments by peers has traditionally been regarded as of the utmost importance in enabling the intersubjectivity of scientific practice, reproductions may yield discordant results and deciding which result should be favored may not be an easy task. According to Harry Collins, experimental disagreement is resolved by the action of social, political and economic factors, but not by means of epistemic and scientific, or so-called internal reasons. His motivation for such a claim is the presence (...) of an infinite regress at the core of experimental activity that, according to him, cannot be stopped with scientific resources alone: the experimenters’ regress. The goal of this... (shrink)

I defend, against its more recent critics, a literal, factual, and consistent interpretation of Timaeus’ creation of the cosmos and time. My main purpose is to clarify the assumptions under which a literal interpretation of Timaeus’ cosmology becomes philosophically attractive. I propose five exegetical principles that guide my interpretation. Unlike previous literalists, I argue that assuming a “pre-cosmic time” is a mistake. Instead, I challenge the exegetical assumptions scholars impose on the text and argue that for Timaeus, a mere succession (...) of events and the relations derived from it (before, after, simultaneous with) imply no time, given the narrow definition of the term used in the dialogue. For Timaeus, I explain, time is measurable, regular, and dependent on the motion of the celestial bodies. A mere succession of events like the one needed to understand the creation story and the pre-cosmos requires none of these elements. Readers of Plato erroneously assume that a succession of events implies time, but that is to impose a conception of time absent in the text. The chapter offers a detailed reconstruction of the pre-cosmic stage under a literalist interpretation and argues how it is compatible with the immutable relationship between the Demiurge and the cosmos. -/- This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. chapter 4. (shrink)

En el último tiempo, han alcanzado especial popularidad en Argentina los tratamientos estéticos mínimamente invasivos, como las inyecciones de ácido hialurónico y toxina botulínica para rellenar y modelar diferentes partes del rostro. También aparece extendido, entre lxs médicxs y las clínicas estéticas, el uso de la plataforma Instagram para la promoción de estos servicios. Así, esta red social se convierte en un espacio donde lxs profesionales muestran, describen, explican y alientan este tipo de procedimientos. Nuestra investigación tiene por objetivo analizar (...) los sentidos que giran en torno a estos tratamientos, enfocándonos en la concepción del cuerpo que subyace en estas prácticas, los criterios estéticos que se ponen en juego, las formas de interpelación a las mujeres en tanto principales consumidoras de estos servicios y las transformaciones que prometen. A partir del análisis de cuatro cuentas de Instagram orientadas a la promoción de tratamientos estéticos en Mendoza y de cuatro entrevistas en profundidad a lxs médicxs responsables de estas cuentas, analizamos, en primer lugar, la concepción del cuerpo como un proyecto continuamente perfectible y las relaciones de tensión y complementariedad entre criterios estéticos clásicos y criterios contemporáneos; en segundo lugar, describimos la noción del alma como proyecto asintótico, con anclajes psíquicos y afectivos particulares y ciertas tensiones paradojales. Concluimos que los tratamientos estéticos se construyen como tecnologías de yo, convergentes con una est/ética propiciada por el ethos neoliberal. (shrink)

This paper presents the experimental results of a “Transcontinental Ultimatum Game” implemented between India and France. We use a standard ultimatum game, but in one treatment Indian subjects made offers to French subjects (ItoF treatment) and, in another treatment, French subjects made offers to Indian subjects (FtoI treatment). We observed that FtoI treatment bargaining mostly ended up with unequal splits of money in favor of French, while nearly equal splits were the most frequent outcome in ItoF treatment interactions. The experimental (...) results are organized through a standard social reference model, modified for taking into account the different marginal value of money for bargainers. In our model bargaining is driven by relative standings comparisons between players, occurring in terms of real earnings (that is monetary earnings corrected for a purchasing power factor) obtained in the game. The norm of equity behind the equalization of real earnings is called local equity norm, and contrasted to a global equity norm which would encompass the wealth of players beyond the game. According to what we observed, no beyond-game concern seems to be relevantly endorsed by subjects. (shrink)

This book explores the growing attention that sociology has started to give to environmental issues in terms of peace and social justice. With a focus on sociological theory and its development, it reconstructs the long journey made by the social sciences towards the reconstruction, in a single theoretical paradigm, of the problems associated with the implementation of conditions of peace and sustainability. Beginning from the premise that environmental issues are never purely environmental, but entail political, economic and social implications, Sustainable (...) Development and Peace offers an understanding of where we are heading, and how, reflecting on present challenges and possible directions for the future. It will therefore appeal to scholars of sociology, social theory, development studies, politics and environmental studies. (shrink)

LAS REPRESENTACIONES DE LAS MUJERES EN LAS CANCIONES DE CUARTETO DE CARLITOS “MONA” JIMÉNEZ: APROXIMACIONES.

Usage and limits of analogy and metaphor in Aristotle’s science could be confusing. In some passages Aristotle uses both elements in explanations, and their clarity is defended. However, in other texts the metaphor is excluded from science. In this article, I will analyze the difference between metaphor and analogy and examine in what context metaphor can be used. My thesis is that Aristotle uses the analogy as an argumentative resource understood by epagoge. On the case of metaphors, they should be (...) excluded from science, but is a valid strategy for some kind of speeches, and as a pedagogical element of explanations. Key words: metaphor, analogy, argumentation, science, language. (shrink)

I argue that scientists should adopt a sexual orientation view that includes ‘internal’ sexual orientation markers such as desire, fantasies, and attraction, plus self-identification, and that these two markers should line up. By ‘internal’ markers, I mean inner states or processes of the agent. This can be contrasted with ‘external markers’, by which I mean, behaviours of the agent. I begin by critically reviewing four genetic studies of sexual orientation that are representative of the literature. I look at how each (...) of these studies deploy the concept of ‘sexual orientation’, and show a) that they are each using different notions, and b) that none of the notions are satisfactory. I argue that these accounts have a very limited amount of predictive and explanatory power. Following this, I outline what an account of sexual orientation that has more predictive and explanatory power might look like. I argue that this account will be one that includes internal markers and self-identification. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone analizar la influencia de los estereotipos de género presentes en los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva y del modelo imperante de atención al parto, en la generación de prácticas que pueden catalogarse como violencia obstétrica hacia las mujeres uruguayas. Luego de analizar ciertas prácticas en la salud materna y perinatal, entre ellas el valor que los profesionales de la salud atribuyen al consentimiento informado_, _se concluye que Uruguay se caracteriza por una atención al parto, donde (...) persiste un modelo biomédico, con tendencia al intervencionismo, que en conjución con los sesgos machistas presentes en las relaciones médicas, propician algunas evidentes prácticas que pueden encuadrarse como violencia obstétrica. (shrink)

Este texto sencillamente se ocupa de una relación, la relación entre poesía (o una forma de leer poesía) e infancia, cuando estas coinciden en alguien que de lunes a viernes trabaja en una escuela para niños y niñas de los 0 a los 3 años. Este texto sencillamente intenta comunicar una forma singular de mirar, donde la voz que escribe sólo funciona para hilvanar la voz de los que al frotar, dan calor. Un pequeño recorrido por Martin Heidegger, Wislawa Szymborska, (...) Walter Benjamin, Alberto Caeiro, Dominique Sampiero, Clarice Lispector, Peter Handke, Jorge Larrosa y la vida/mirada cotidiana en una escuela infantil. Nada más. (shrink)

Frente a la tesis de la "carga teórica", se muestra como en el proceso de contrastación de hipótesis y teorías es conveniente distinguir entre observación científica y percepción y, luego, se defiende que en los procesos de percepción no están implicados los conceptos teóricos de la ciencia sino conceptos de otro nivel, los que toman cuerpo en la codificación de la estimulación sensorial procedente de los ítems identificados perceptivamente. De donde se sigue que el mundo identificado a través de los (...) procesos de percepción es la base o soporte empírico del conocimiento científico. (shrink)

When a risk is exchanged, the exact value for the minimum price (positive or negative) that the purchaser (investor, or insurer) is willing to pay is given by the certainty equivalent wealth level, which in turn depends on his specific utility function. When this utility function is unknown, then only a sufficient condition on the price can ever be found. This paper provides methods for calculating such a sufficient condition, when only limited information on the utility function is known.

This paper is about the represcussion that Túpac Amaru's rebellions had in the Government of the Tucumán. Here the intervention of the «bajo pueblo» took forms and very different ways to the Peruvians and altoperuvians, since they was incorporated in the «milicias» to the repression. The population of the Tucumán had a social composition diflerent to the Andean one, with a proportion a lot smaller than indigenous and with another organization leuel. The «milicianos» rebelled and disobeyed their leaders for own (...) causes. They was disorganized forms of protest in front of a cracked colonial system of authority and out. (shrink)

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse and criticize the argument of the experimenters' regress proposed by Harry Collins in 1985. In order to do that, I begin with an introduction to the experiments that aimed to detect gravity waves performed by Joseph Weber during 1970, then I analyse and discuss both forms of the argument: the epistemological and the ontological. Finally, after giving an outline of a theory of experimental reproduction and an explication of the concept of (...) replication, I propose two ways of avoiding the experimenters' regress. (shrink)

The idea that experimentation is autonomous is widely shared amongst the New Experimentalists. However, it is not precisely stated how we should understand this thesis, or how to interpret it. In consequence, the aim of this paper is to explicate the different ways in which the autonomy of experiment thesis could be read, and to suggest, taking into account an analysis of the process by which an experimental result is constituted and exemplifying this process by the means of the study (...) of an experiment, the measurement of the speed of light, how this thesis could be clarified and how to establish its scope and limits. (shrink)

This book seeks to arrive at a better understanding of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of time. It discusses the existence of fluent time, a controversial concept in many areas, from philosophy to physics. Fluent time is understood as directional time with a past, a present, and a future. We experience fluent time in our lives and we adopt a temporal perspective in our ways of knowing and acting. Nevertheless, the existence of fluent time has been debated (...) for both philosophical and scientific reasons, thus creating a rift between the subjective and objective aspects of time. Starting from the basic notion of points of view, or perspectives, this book explores the relationships between objective or external time, as it has been conceptualized by science, and subjective or internal time, which is involved in our lived experiences. It establishes a general framework encompassing the nature, structure and mode of existence of points of view, in which the objective and subjective aspects of time can be integrated. The book mainly addresses researchers and postgraduates in philosophy and logic. Additionally, it offers inspiration for physicists and computer scientists involved in the modeling and simulation of complex behaviors for which the representation of internal time should be considered together with the notion of objective, external time. (shrink)

Nae Ionescu is one of the most influential and controversial Romanian thinkers. The present article explores a less used perspective in studying Nae Ionescu’s philosophical, political and journalistic activity: the philosophical roots of his major political ideas. The anti-democratic position of Nae Ionescu was, theoretically explained, by the criticism to Rene Descartes and J.J. Rousseau’s ideas. The individual is supposed to be an instrument of history and nation. Any individualizing tendency is allegedly a betrayal to the nation. Moreover, the leader (...) has mystical prerogatives therefore the universal suffrage is not consistent. On its turn, the nation is not defined on the basis of the social contract. Nation is “a community of love and life”, in Nae Ionescu’s opinion. Nae Ionescu’s beliefs largely influenced the right-wing Romanian ideology during the years between First and Second World Wars. (shrink)

El pensamiento está relacionado con un modo de ser. La forma de pensar que privilegia la ciencia pasa por alto el contexto, pareciera que eso es irrelevante, pues se cree que el pensamiento está alejado de la realidad natural e histórica. Sin embargo, el cómo se piensa incide en la relación que los sujetos mantienen con las cosas, los objetos, las situaciones y también entre sí. La razón moderna en cuanto científica y dominante, no sólo ha permitido el desarrollo técnico, (...) también objetualiza lo diferente a sí misma, ese es el punto desde el cual filosofa Esther Díaz, dicho filosofar es recuperado e interpretado en este documento. La crítica a la ciencia en cuanto dominante y unívoca no invalida a los conocimientos dados a partir de ella, no se aboga por una clausura de la razón, sino que se confía en ella, siempre y cuando, sea capaz de abrirse a las distintas perspectivas. La apertura repercutiría a nivel político, en el sentido de que los sujetos se curarían del delirio de la dominación. El filosofar de Esther invita a ser libres, afrontar la vida con lucidez y pasión. (shrink)

José Revueltas fue un prolífico escritor del que, hasta la fecha, se han publicados 26 tomos como parte de sus Obras completas. No obstante, los estudiosos de su vida y obra se han dado a la tarea de rescatar muchos textos olvidados en archivos o publicaciones periódicas que Revueltas o sus editores descartaron de dicho proyecto. Para contribuir en tan loable labor de rescate, en este artículo, primero, reconstruyo sucintamente el nacimiento del poeta José Revueltas; luego, comento las ediciones de (...) la poesía revueltiana y, finalmente, reproduzco seis poemas desconocidos por la crítica especializada. (shrink)

Este artículo explora el problema de la síntesis entre vitalismo y racionalismo, dentro de la filosofía contemporánea. Para ello comparamos las trayectorias intelectuales de Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) y José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955). Se contrastan sus concepciones de la filosofía como saber “híbrido”, vinculado a la ciencia, así como sus puntos de vista sobre el vitalismo, la antropología, la técnica y el perspectivismo. Para evitar que la comparación sea puramente abstracta y ahistórica, se recurre al método de la sociología de (...) la filosofía. Esto obliga a situar ambas trayectorias en sus respectivos campos filosóficos y unidades generacionales, atendiendo también a su procedencia social y a su carrera profesional. (shrink)

Software vulnerabilities are the root cause for a multitude of security problems in computer systems. Owing to their efficiency and tight control over low-level system resources, the C and C++ programming languages are extensively used for a myriad of purposes, from implementing operating system kernels to user-space applications. However, insufficient or improper memory management frequently leads to invalid memory accesses, eventually resulting in memory corruption vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are used as a foothold for elaborated attacks that bypass existing defense methods. (...) In this paper, we summarise the main memory safety violation types (i.e. memory errors), and analyse how they are exploited by attackers and the main mitigation methods proposed in the research community. We further systematise the most relevant techniques with regards to memory corruption identification in current programs. (shrink)

Como puede leerse en los Nouveaux essais, Leibniz se proclamaba a sí mismo como seguidor de Platón. Pensaba que, para poder apreciar la vigencia de los resultados a los que llegó Platón, la reminiscencia platónica debía interpretarse dejando aparte la teoría platónica de la preexistencia del alma. En este ensayo, se analizan los tres diálogos platónicos que tratan el tema de la reminiscencia, tomando como puntos de apoyo el innatismo leibniziano y la crítica leibniziana del innatismo platónico, con el fin (...) de extraer los resultados vigentes de la teoría innatista de Platón. Se exploran los mitos sobre la reminiscencia de Platón, la relación entre el conocimiento matemático y el innatismo, así como el papel que guardan los sentidos en la apercepción del conocimiento innato. (shrink)

In Metaphysics A 6, Aristotle claims that Plato only recognises formal and material causes. Yet, in various dialogues, Plato seems to use and distinguish efficient and final causes too. Consequently, Harold Cherniss accuses Aristotle of being an unfair, forgetful, or careless reader of Plato. Since then, scholars have tried to defend Aristotle’s exegetical skills. I offer textual evidence and arguments to show that their efforts still fall short of the desired goal. I argue, instead, that we can reject Cherniss’ assertation (...) by re-examining Aristotle’s exegetical and methodological assumptions. (shrink)

Sometimes, art theory addresses the same type of image from discursive disparity. This is the case of the portrait, whose imprecise definition complicates its conceptual and formal definition within the limits of the Western culture. Although this text does not intend to resolve doubts about one of the most significant questions in art—even the question of art, if portraits are born with it—it does attempt to show the difficulties in reaching an agreement on the conventions that define it, from its (...) antecedents in Antiquity and its establishment in modern times, up to the advent of its contemporary crisis that some authors attribute to the saturation suffered by the image in mass society, and others, to the new artistic paradigm that is imposed from Impressionism onwards. (shrink)