The tsarist authorities dissolved the majority of monasteries in the Kingdom of Poland in 1864. This was one element of repression after the fall of the 1863 uprising. Those monasteries that remained could not enrol noviciates. The repression fell also on capuchins. In 1897 they were allowed, as an exception, to have one noviciate, namely Izydor Wysłouch who received his religious name Antoni. Accordingly, there was a need to educate the candidate in philosophy and theology, so that he could receive (...) the priesthood. On the basis of correspondence between Bl. Honorat Koźmiński and the general we may say what textbooks were used in the Polish Capuchin Province. Before 1864 they studied philosophy from the book Prolegomena universae philosophiae written by the Franciscan Herman Osterrieder (1719-1783), to be precise course books and compendia based on this book. This textbook was principally eclectic in character, it contained some Scotist trends, therefore one may presume that before 1864 Scotism was to a certain degree present in the teaching of philosophy among Polish capuchins. (shrink)

L'interrogation du phénomène esthétique est contemporaine de l'autonomisation de l'art au cours des Temps modernes et de la relativisation de sa fonction lorsqu'il n'est plus que le moyen d'exprimer la vie émotionnelle subjective. En revanche, lorsque la singularité même de l'œuvre d'art se voit mise en question au XXe siècle, ce sont les frontières séparant l'art du non-art qui deviennent évanescentes. C'est sur le fond de cet évènement que s'est déployée la réflexion de Roland Quilliot, que les contributions de (...) ce recueil se proposent de poursuivre. Celles-ci reviennent sur la notion d'image puis sur la manière dont elle se déploie du côté de la littérature comme des arts plastiques y compris du cinéma. Le second temps du recueil s'inscrit, lui, dans le cadre d'une réflexion relative à la crise de l'art moderne, en suggérant aussi que le phénomène esthétique demande à être considéré dans un cadre moral et anthropologique bien plus englobant. (shrink)

Nothing seems more possible to me than that people some day will come to the definite opinion that there is no copy in the… nervous system which corresponds to a particular thought, or a particular idea, or, memory.WittgensteinIn a recent essay it was emphasized that brain and mind appear to the mind as complementary and reciprocally recursive domains of a hermeneutic circle (Fischer, 1987). An outstanding and not yet recognized feature of this hermeneutic circle is that interpretation within this circle (...) is not rule-governed and hence appears self-organized: individual features of the world (or the brain) become intelligible in terms of the whole context (of the mind)… while the entire context becomes intelligible through individual features (or brain functions). How, or from where then is significance arising? (shrink)

Le statut des corps dans la metaphysique de Leibniz continue de resister a tout effort de reconstitution. Qu'il n'y ait au monde que les substances simples et leurs modifications ne presente plus l'evidence d'une position philosophique achevee. Dans le meilleur des mondes possibles, les ames ne sont jamais sans corps et la moindre portion de matiere renferme un univers de creatures vivantes. Au moment meme ou Leibniz semble embrasser une position idealiste en peuplant le monde d'une infinite d'entites psychiques, ne (...) developpe-t-il pas le concept d'organisme comme en marge de cette metaphysique? Deja, dans les annees ou la celebre theorie de la notion complete servait a penser la substance individuelle, la realite du corps organique imposait l'idee d'une substantialite proprement corporelle. Composition infinie irreductible aux modalites de l'etendue, le corps organique, machine de la nature, force a repenser les conditions d'existence de l'individualite vivante, dont l'ego cartesien n'est plus qu'une problematique modele. La question n'est plus tant de savoir si Leibniz a admis l'existence de substances corporelles en sus des monades, que de comprendre en quoi la realite organique devient le modele pour penser la connexion de toutes les substances, des simples aux composees, des brutes aux raisonnables. Du moi a la monade, comment la necessaire inscription corporelle de l'individualite s'opere-t-elle? De quelles modifications du concept de substance cette exigence s'accompagne-t-elle? (shrink)

"Même si l'existentialisme est passé de mode, Sartre reste bien l'une des figures les plus fortes de la pensée française du XXe siècle et il est possible d'en proposer une relecture en phase avec la sensibilité de notre époque. Cet essai commence par rappeler les idées les plus connues du philosophe, en les discutant, puis propose une relecture de certains de ses textes majeurs, en montrant qu'ils ont parfois correspondu, dans leur agressivité subversive même, à de véritables découvertes intellectuelles. Ce (...) texte montre que le principal intérêt de l'œuvre sartrienne tient à son caractère torturé et au fait que nous sommes face à un auteur qui, de son propre aveu, a sans cesse 'pensé contre lui-même', oscillant au fond entre trois voies opposées : la recherche d'une morale libertaire, qui s'avère en pratique introuvable ; la fascination beaucoup plus profonde, pour la dimension d'échec et de folie présente dans toute son existence ; et enfin la critique du rêve d'authenticité et la revendication paradoxale, au sein même de la pratique de l'autodérision, d'une sorte de bonheur sans justification." [Source : 4e de couv.]. (shrink)

Ce recueil témoigne d'un double ancrage : dans la phénoménologie de la vie de Michel Henry et dans la tradition zen. En confrontant ces deux pensées, il montre la fécondité d'une mise en relation de deux approches philosophiques radicales de la réalité humaine sise dans la vie qui la porte et constitue son origine absolue. L'auteur lit chez Michel Henry, dont il fut l'élève et l'ami, les catégories capables d'établir une lecture croisée entre deux formes d'exploration rigoureuses de la subjectivité.

The past decade has witnessed a shift in the ambitions of pharmacists away from the core role of dispensing medicines towards more interesting and rewarding relationships and responsibilities with other healthcare providers and patients. The patient-centred role of pharmacists has allowed ethical issues experienced in medical practice to surface in pharmacy practice, resulting in an increase in the number and variety of ethical dilemmas that pharmacists face in their routine pharmacy practice. Pharmacy education prepares pharmacy students for practice and must (...) be in tune with the professional dynamics. Many countries that provide patient-centered pharmacy services have redesigned pharmacy ethics education while others are in various stages of revision of their curriculum in order to adequately equip future pharmacists with the rudiments required to handle ethical issues in clinical pharmacy practice. In contrast, in Nigeria, little or no pharmacy ethics is taught to pharmacy students and the challenge lies with the curriculum design and method of teaching. (shrink)

Drawing upon author's long-term psychoanalytical practice, research, and actual clinical data, this book examines the psychological ramifications of transnational immigration to Western countries and the continued influence of indigenous cultures on South Asian Diaspora. It explores new ways of understanding the psyche of migrants from the diverse cultures of South Asia and the universal norms applied in Western practice. To this end it embraces and critiques the categories that are more specific to this region, such as the magic-cosmic world of (...) private destiny, reincarnation, astrology, and palmistry. By using more informed ways of understanding this exodus of people, the book attempts to find a new paradigm fusing spirituality with psychoanalysis. (shrink)

Le tournant phénoménologique de la philosophie est toujours en attente de compréhension. La pensée philosophique de Martin Heidegger en constitue un horizon aujourd'hui incontournable dont il faut non seulement prendre la mesure, mais surtout en tirer les conclusions pour l'avancée d'un travail philosophique digne du nom et propice au siècle qui est le nôtre.

Cosmopolitanism is currently one of the most prominent topics in the social sciences and humanities, and a key concept for understanding globalization. This collection of essays, featuring a line-up of leading international scholars, argues that most work on cosmopolitanism uses a normative model, rather than fully interrogating the issue empirically, comparatively and globally. This ambitious and ground-breaking collection will push the boundaries of the debate on cosmopolitanism into new areas, opening up new lines of inquiry and analysis that will have (...) an impact on the study of globalization and global process for years to come."--Publisher's website. (shrink)

“Real prophecy is always “if... then...” If you commit adultery with your neighbor's wife, then you will roast in hell. But if you love God with all your heart, then you can create the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.”According to the Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology the meanings of ‘divine’ are ‘pertaining to God, godlike, soothsayer and seer’ while ‘to divine’ (after the Latin divinare) is to ‘foretell, predict or make out as by supernatural insight’.

This volume presents a collection of articles on Henry of Ghents philosophy with a focus on various topics in his metaphysics, such as his rejection of various points of Aristotelian philosophy and his appeal to Augustine and Avicenna. The articles deal with such questions central to Henrys thought as his intentional distinction and his metaphysical argument for the existence of God as well as its similarity to Anselms article in the Proslogion. They examine his account of human freedom, the analogy (...) of being, and his apophaticism in speaking about God, where he is clearly indebted to Pseudo-Dionysius and Maimonides. Roland J. Teske, SJ, Donald J. Schuenke Professor of Philosophy Emeritus (PhD University of Toronto, 1973) specializes in St. Augustine and medieval philosophers, especially William of Auvergne and Henry of Ghent. (shrink)

The present research is about the study of Psalm 139 which goals are to provide the liberator face of God revealed in this poem and to investigate the parallelisms that the Psalm 139 in it theological reflection about God, remember the experience of the Exodus. These pages want to be both a grant to boost daily experience of faith as to motivate for a greater commitment to the issues of liberation, justice, evangelization and human promotion.

Le physicien a-t-il le moyen de dire ce qu'il en sait? Le modèle proposé en Occident depuis vingt-cinq siècles pour la connaissance du monde a permis le progrès scientifique en vue d'un objectif : dominer la nature. Ce modèle ne rencontre-t-il pas aujourd'hui les limites de sa pertinence? D'autres civilisations l'ont adopté récemment pour son efficacité pratique. La conception occidentale du monde était-elle nécessaire, ou est-elle un artefact sans consistance, un épiphénomène?

Brain functions are stochastic processes without intentionality whereas mind emerges from brain functions as a Hegelian “change from quantity”, that is, on the order of 1012 profusely interconnected neurons, “into a new quality”: the collective phenomenon of the brain's self-experience. This self-referential and self-observing quality we have in mind is capable of (recursively) observing its self-observations, i.e., interpreting change that is meaningful in relation to itself. The notion of self-interpretation embodies the idea of a “hermeneutic circle”, that is, (in interpretation (...) theory) the treatment of the whole in relation to its parts. (shrink)

Wandel der Arbeit und Herausforderungen -- Kollektivsubjekte/Zivilgesellschaft/Kirche zum Thema Arbeit und Berufe --- Persönlichkeiten zum Thema Arbeit und Beruf -- Zukunft der Arbeit.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in (...) the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

The word “real” (from the Latin “res” = thing) was coined in the 13th century to signify “having Properties” (Pierce. 1958, p. 358), whereas a “model” refers to an analogical representation, the structure of which should correspond to the structure or properties of that which it represents. For Scudder the mind is a system of models and each mind develops different models. We all have a different reality in mind and so we each live in a slightly different world (Scudder, (...) 1975). Hence the real nature of the model and the model nature of reality are often indistinguishable. A snail, for example, when exposed to four tactile stimuli per second (with a rod on his belly) will be compelled to crawl upon that non-existing coherent spatial surface (Brecher, 1966). For the snail four tactile stimuli per second correspond to, or are isomorphic with, the structure of a spatial surface, but it is impossible for the snail to “know” which of the two structures is real. (shrink)

Roland Mierzwa würdigt in dieser Untersuchung das Gewissen des Menschen im umfassenden Sinn, so werden zum Beispiel die Grenzen des romantischen Gewissens oder des Über-Ich-Gewissens von Freud aufgezeigt. Mit der Erfahrung des Gewissensentscheides unter dem Kirchenasyl als Wir-Gewissen kommt es zu einer Korrektur der individualistisch enggeführten Gewissensdiskussion, wie sie bisher etwa in der evangelischen Theologie oder bei der Kriegsdienstverweigerung vorlag. Auf das Alltagsgewissen wird verwiesen als Grundlage für ein gelebtes komplexes Verantwortungsgewissen (Bonhoeffer); in begrenztem Umfang kann die Sozialisation auf (...) ein wacheres Gewissensbewusstsein hinwirken. Auch wenn das Rechtfertigungsgeschehen für ein lebendiges Gewissen entscheidend ist, kommt man an einer Gewissensbildung nicht vorbei, wobei Herzensbildung einen besonderen Stellenwert hat. Wurde das spirituelle Moment bei der Gewissensbildung in der Diskussion bislang nur unzureichend gewürdigt, so wird hier eine Reihe interessanter Aspekte dazu dargelegt"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

It follows from the temporal nature of mind—the main concern of this essay—that mind functions are not localized in brain space.“ Time is extendedness, probably of the mind itself”, concludes Saint Augustine in Book XI of his Confessions (26.33), and, in our days, this extendedness can be made visible through an oscilloscopic “line” or trace of slow potentials. These graded, additive (not all-or-none) autorhythmic and seemingly self-generating potentials are primary events recorded at synapses. Autorhythmic brain structures (Zabara, 1973) appear to (...) be the source of time frames, while a change in time frames (as reflected in the EEG) leads to synchronization and desynchronization of brain structures respectively. Synchronization forms a homogeneous time domain, such as obtained during rhythmic exercises, chanting, listening to music and mental processes that are the hallmark of religious practices (Rogers, 1973). Desynchronization of brain structures on the other hand marks a functional independence of neuronal elements with each element available for separate channels of data processing, for example, during hallucinogenic drug-induced central sympathetic arousal, that is, a waking dream state (Fischer, 1979). (shrink)

Quelle figure d'homme se dessine en ce 21e siècle naissant? Tel est l'enjeu de ce colloque qui a réuni divers acteurs ayant pour dénominateur commun la recherche autour du sens de l'humain. L'humanisme traditionnel a échoué. Du moins les anciens paradigmes pour parler de l'humain ne répondent plus aux attentes de l'homme sous l'emprise de l'intégrisme religieux, des mutations technologiques, de la perte des repères et surtout de l'ignorance de soi. Philosophes, théologiens, éducateurs et enseignants se posent la question de (...) savoir comment redonner à l'humain sa dignité inaliénable. Ce colloque a réuni un certain nombre d'acteurs tous enseignants chercheurs qui ont apporté leurs contributions au renouvellement des paradigmes sociaux en vue du sens de la "Commune humanité ". (shrink)

Après un premier volume, A l'Orient de Michel Henry (2014), cet ensemble de textes poursuit la quête d'une définition de la vérité comprise comme subjectivité vivante, comme cette épreuve de soi qui conditionne et transite ensuite l'ensemble des expériences et des savoirs qui sont les nôtres. Il apparaîtra, ce faisant, le caractère éminemment concret des catégories mises en oeuvre par Michel Henry et comment elles peuvent s'appliquer à de nombreux domaines d'existence, étant capables d'en rendre compte avec cette pertinence et (...) cette puissance explicative que permet seul leur ancrage dans le fondement vivant qui les informe secrètement sous l'apparence des choses. (shrink)

Depuis Kant, après Descartes donc, la pensée cherche à dépasser l'opposition sujet-objet. La corrélation essence et existence à travers laquelle Martin Heidegger identifie le Dasein-fini en fait un Etant configuré. Celui-ci peut désormais se déterminer comme sujet ontologique sans que sa subjectivité ne soit une dépendance métaphysique. A la constitution de cet étant configuré aura été attentif notre Essai sur l'histoire du Dasein heideggérien. Nous pensons par-là avoir exploré la source kantienne de Heidegger qui aura fait advenir la conceptualisation de (...) la finitude comme le sens d'être de l'être humain. C'est la première oeuvre philosophique de Roland Techou publiée en marge de sa thèse sur " Le questionnement de la finitude dans l'ontologie fondamentale de Martin Heidegger ". L'hypothèse est de situer la spécificité de l'ontologie fondamentale de Martin Heidegger au coeur de la phénoménologie contemporaine. Le Dasein est compris comme transcendance finie. (shrink)

This book presents a reconstruction of the trajectories of freedom in Axel Honneth's recognition theory in the context of the conflict between autonomy and social cohesion. Honneth's re-appropriation of Hegel's notion of Sittlichkeit, or "ethical life," provides a potent descriptive theoretical perspective of social conflicts and an articulated praxis of Hegel's social theory. Amidst the current critical literature posed against the normative aspect of Honneth's critical theory, there is an already implicit solution to the problem of normativity and reification. By (...) articulating the conflict between freedom and normativity as both a pathological problem and a progressive movement in critical theory, the theme of solidarity is further reinforced in the development of Honneth's social philosophy. Through the consolidation of the process of recognition, and the spheres of social interaction where individuals develop, reinforce, and build their identities, it is possible to develop a reverse analysis of a complementary system of social interactions between personal relations, market economy, and democratic spheres to identify deficiencies in societal needs. The book proposes the Reconstructive Normative Simulation (RNS) to consolidate Honneth's social philosophy. Through RNS, it is possible to examine social pathologies by locating deficiencies in normative resources in the three social spheres. By articulating these deficiencies, the possibility of adjusting societal norms becomes historically bound to existing norms, while at the same time receptive to forthcoming identities. (shrink)

Innovative understanding or explanation stems almost exclusively from analogical reasoning. Induction systematizes the familiar; deduction casts it into formal relationship. Reasoning by analogy brings to bear on the familiar a new perspective derived from another realm of inquiry. Models are fruits from the tree of analogical knowledge.

For courses in European Intellectual History. An exploration of the major issues in thought -- from the French Revolution to Structuralism and beyond.

This volume describes the current "main contenders," including neo-Piagetian, neo-connectionist, neo-innatist and sociocultural models.