La Gerencia ha sido estudiada, explorando hoy inquietudes en el avance de estilos en tiempos de pandemia, donde se observan organizaciones empañadas por un líder de prácticas psicopáticas conocido como el Neomanagement. El objetivo general es analizar los elementos transformadores para impulsar el Neuromanagement como desafío organizacional. Bajo un paradigma cualitativo, se empleó una metodología descriptiva, bibliográfica, con método fenomenológico-hermenéutico, enmarcado en el modelo de Bédard. Se diseñó entrevista en profundidad aplicada a 6 informantes, como resultados las alianzas y la (...) transformación son las rutas empresariales cruciales para lograr el Neuromanagement que concluye con el uso de estrategia y filosofía. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda desde una perspectiva crítica la relación entre las categorías de democracia y ciudadanía en la ciudad de Valparaíso durante la última década de postdictadura. El principal supuesto del texto considera la imposibilidad de un análisis conceptual acerca de la democracia que no incluya en su discusión la tensión entre la posición y ejercicio de la ciudadanía implicada y demandante en este proceso. El análisis propuesto confronta los imaginarios hegemónicos instituidos en la postdictadura con los imaginarios instituyentes que (...) emergen de los movimientos secundarios por la defensa de la educación pública en la ciudad de Valparaíso. Estos imaginarios se expresan en formas de organización en la esfera pública, por medio de la función que ejerce el imaginario radical, que impugnan la construcción de una ciudadanía capturada y una democracia tutelada. This article focuses on the relationship between the categories of democracy and citizenship in Valparaíso during the last post-dictatorship decade from a critical perspective. The main assumption of the text relates to the impossibility of conceptual analysis on democracy without including in its discussion the tension between the position and the exercise of the demanding, involved citizenship in this process. The proposed analysis brings face to face the hegemonic imaginaries established during the post-dictatorship period and the establishing imaginaries that arise from the secondary school movements for defending public education in Valparaiso. These imaginaries are expressed in forms of organization within the public circle, through the role that plays the radical imaginary, which challenge the construction of a captured citizenship and a democracy under custody. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda desde una perspectiva crítica la relación entre las categorías de democracia y ciudadanía en la ciudad de Valparaíso durante la última década de postdictadura. El principal supuesto del texto considera la imposibilidad de un análisis conceptual acerca de la democracia que no incluya en su discusión la tensión entre la posición y ejercicio de la ciudadanía implicada y demandante en este proceso. El análisis propuesto confronta los imaginarios hegemónicos instituidos en la postdictadura con los imaginarios instituyentes que (...) emergen de los movimientos secundarios por la defensa de la educación pública en la ciudad de Valparaíso. Estos imaginarios se expresan en formas de organización en la esfera pública, por medio de la función que ejerce el imaginario radical, que impugnan la construcción de una ciudadanía capturada y una democracia tutelada. (shrink)

There is no known syntactic characterization of the class of finite definitions in terms of a set of basic definitions and a set of basic operators under which the class is closed. Furthermore, it is known that the basic propositional operators do not preserve finiteness. In this paper I survey these problems and explore operators that do preserve finiteness. I also show that every definition that uses only unary predicate symbols and equality is bound to be finite.

In this article, I argue that Dworkin’s one-system view of law and morality is not as easy to refute or dismiss as some would suggest. In a recent article, Dindjer criticizes a new kind of opposition to legal positivism characterized by both its opposition to a two-system view of law and morality and its promotion of a one-system alternative picture. By re-examining Dworkin’s criticisms of the two-system view and by providing additional reasoning of my own, I show that Dworkin’s one-system (...) interpretative approach is not just sensible but also promising in refocusing contemporary debates in general jurisprudence on a moral and political reading of the structural features of law. (shrink)

Background: Screen time among adults represents a continuing and growing problem in relation to health behaviors and health outcomes. However, no instrument currently exists in the literature that quantifies the use of modern screen-based devices. The primary purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of a new screen time questionnaire, an instrument designed to quantify use of multiple popular screen-based devices among the US population. -/- Methods: An 18-item screen-time questionnaire was created to quantify use of (...) commonly used screen devices (e.g. television, smartphone, tablet) across different time points during the week (e.g. weekday, weeknight, weekend). Test-retest reliability was assessed through intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM). The questionnaire was delivered online using Qualtrics and administered through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). -/- Results: Eighty MTurk workers completed full study participation and were included in the final analyses. All items in the screen time questionnaire showed fair to excellent relative reliability (ICCs = 0.50–0.90; all < 0.000), except for the item inquiring about the use of smartphone during an average weekend day (ICC = 0.16, p = 0.069). The SEM values were large for all screen types across the different periods under study. -/- Conclusions: Results from this study suggest this self-administered questionnaire may be used to successfully classify individuals into different categories of screen time use (e.g. high vs. low); however, it is likely that objective measures are needed to increase precision of screen time assessment. (shrink)

Background The purpose of this study was to examine whether extended use of a variety of screen-based devices, in addition to television, was associated with poor dietary habits and other health-related characteristics and behaviors among US adults. The recent phenomenon of binge-watching was also explored. -/- Methods A survey to assess screen time across multiple devices, dietary habits, sleep duration and quality, perceived stress, self-rated health, physical activity, and body mass index, was administered to a sample of US adults using (...) the Qualtrics platform and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were adults 18 years of age and older, English speakers, current US residents, and owners of a television and at least one other device with a screen. Three different screen time categories (heavy, moderate, and light) were created for total screen time, and separately for screen time by type of screen, based on distribution tertiles. Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to examine differences in dietary habits and health-related characteristics between screen time categories. -/- Results Aggregate screen time across all devices totaled 17.5 h per day for heavy users. Heavy users reported the least healthful dietary patterns and the poorest health-related characteristics – including self-rated health – compared to moderate and light users. Moreover, unique dietary habits emerged when examining dietary patterns by type of screen separately, such that heavy users of TV and smartphone displayed the least healthful dietary patterns compared to heavy users of TV-connected devices, laptop, and tablet. Binge-watching was also significantly associated with less healthy dietary patterns, including frequency of fast-food consumption as well as eating family meals in front of a television, and perceived stress. -/- Conclusions The present study found that poorer dietary choices, as well as other negative health-related impacts, occurred more often as the viewing time of a variety of different screen-based devices increased in a sample of US adults. Future research is needed to better understand what factors among different screen-based devices might affect health behaviors and in turn health-related outcomes. Research is also required to better understand how binge-watching behavior contributes impacts health-related behaviors and characteristics. (shrink)

This paper tries to clarify the coincidence between some of the main features of the characterization of perception in the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty (Phenomenology of Perception) and the picture technique of Cézanne. Although placed in different work areas, indeed, the reflection about the perceptive act and the process of pictorical creation, there is an inspirational shared basis: Merleau-Ponty’s notion of “original experience” goes parallel to Cézanne’s understanding of the painting as a the original appearing of the things so as they (...) should appear to a glaze that goes beyond the objectivating categories of every daily, normal perception. (shrink)

In this article the author presents Husserl’s analysis of the problem of time-consciousness in the C-Manuscripts (1929-1934). He tries to discuss the reasons why Husserl introduces the concept of “living present” and the necessity of distinguishing the originary temporalizing flux of absolute consciousness and the immanent time where acts are placed when they become object of an act of reflection. Another important issue is the introduction of a Ur-Ich, which works anonymously and temporalizes itself. It will be also studied why (...) Husserl considers at the end that temporalization is an non-intentional passive process that works at the deepest level of consciousness. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es aclarar la crítica que el psicoanalista Jacques Lacan dirige al concepto marxista de plus-valía tal y como es formulado en el Capital de Marx. Tras el concepto de una plus-valía contable Lacan quiere desvelar la necesidad de atender a la noción más fundamental de un plus-de-gozar [plus-de-jouir] incontable. Atenderemos para ello a diferentes pasajes de sus seminarios XVI (1968-69), XVII (1969-70) y de su texto Radiofonía (1970).

Los textos acerca del tiempo de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) se organizan en torno a tres núcleos temáticos. En una primero época, en las Lecciones de fenomenología de la conciencia interna del tiempo (1904-1905), el hilo conductor es la pregunta acerca de cómo la percepción de un objeto que dura (tiempo objetivo) es constituida por una conciencia que vive en el tiempo inmanete y cómo esta es el resultado de un plano anterior -conciencia interna-. En un segundo momento, en los manuscritos (...) de Bernau (1917-1918) y en los textos sobre el carácter pasivo de los procesos de la conciencia (1921), Husserl profundiza en la relación entre conciencia, reflexión y temporalidad, y destaca la pasividad con la que se llevan a cabo las operaciones de constitución de la conciencia. Por último, en los manuscritos C (1929-1934) introducirá la noción de presente viviente como centro desde el que pensar toda la temporalidad. A la par que una investigación sobre el carácter eternamente enigmático del tiempo, los análisis de Jusserl revelan el ser fundamentalmente temporal de nuestra conciencia, en un ejercicio riguroso de pensamiento que lleva a la fenomenología hasta los límites de su potencial descriptivo. (shrink)

La investigación sobre leyes de la naturaleza constituye una de las aventuras del intelecto humano en su esfuerzo primigenio por entender la realidad y nuestro lugar en ella. En la primera parte del libro expondremos la aproximación biográfica que motiva nuestra investigación (capítulo 1). La segunda parte examina los orígenes históricos del imaginario de leyes de la naturaleza que se remontan a la filosofía natural de la época de Descartes y Newton (capítulos 2 y 3). La tercera parte sistematiza el (...) debate estándar en filosofía de las leyes de la naturaleza, que se ha consagrado en las concepciones humeanas y anti-humeanas, en donde las primeras sostienen que las leyes son meros enunciados de regularidades (capítulo 4), mientras que las segundas afirman que ellas corresponden a alguna clase especial de necesidades naturales (capítulos 5 y 6). En la cuarta parte propondremos nuevas perspectivas sobre las leyes de la naturaleza que escapan al debate estándar. Examinaremos el problema de Wigner acerca de la efectividad de las matemáticas en la formulación de leyes físicas (capítulo 7), elaborando la concepción inferencial de las leyes que ofrece una respuesta al problema wigneriano (capítulo 8). Asimismo, indagaremos el carácter modal de las leyes de la naturaleza (capítulo 9) y el supuesto metafísico que afirma que la realidad tiene una estructura, que ha sido asociada a las leyes (capítulo 10). Finalmente, en la quinta parte del libro cerraremos nuestra investigación elaborando el eliminativismo nómico, que nos insta a abandonar el imaginario de leyes de la naturaleza tanto en ciencias como en nuestra interpretación filosófica de las mismas (capítulos 11 y 12). (shrink)

Se examinan las diversas modalidades de la nada como casos de pérdida del sentido y falta de consumación del conocimiento: la nada como noúmeno y su relación con el fenómeno, así como la conexión trascendental de ambos. Aunque la nada pone en jaque al concepto de sentido, este se encuentra supuesto antes de todo tipo de pregunta por el ser, y se constituye en el trasfondo de las condiciones trascendentales que posibilitan el conocimiento.

El presente artículo busca proponer un acercamiento a la influencia del pensamiento de Thomas Hobbes y su obra en el pensamiento económico. En especial en las escuelas marxista, neoclásica y keynesiana. El influjo de su pensamiento puede evidenciarse en el abordaje metodológico, antropológico e institucional. Se ofrece una Mirada sobre la sociedad civil (comercial), el Mercado y el Estado al mismo tiempo. Hobbes ha sido la inspiración de un concepto de Estado monolítico en lo político, en este sentido, la mirada (...) de la economía bajo el concepto de un gran planificador centralizado, tiene importantes antecedentes en este autor. El ejercicio del control social del individuo como propuesta institucional, en varias escuelas de la economía comparten con Hobbes, varios antecedentes que merecen ser analizados. (shrink)

Se examinan las diversas modalidades de la nada como casos de pérdida del sentido y falta de consumación del conocimiento: la nada como noúmeno y su relación con el fenómeno, así como la conexión trascendental de ambos. Aunque la nada pone en jaque al concepto de sentido, este se encuentra supuesto antes de todo tipo de pregunta por el ser, y se constituye en el trasfondo de las condiciones trascendentales que posibilitan el conocimiento. Various modes of non-being are examined as (...) cases of loss of sense and as a lack of consummation of knowledge: non-being as noumena and its relationship with the phenomena, as well as the transcendental connection between them. Although non-being makes the concept of sense doubtful, it is presupposed before any kind of question regarding being and it is constituted in the background which belongs to the transcendental conditions which make knowledge possible. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente estudio intenta demostrar que mediante la novela Los sinsabores del verdadero policía, Roberto Bolaño construye una alegoría de las fisuras que se provocan en las tramas simbólicas de la geografía global mediante la figura de su protagonista Oscar Amalfitano. A partir de este personaje en constante tránsito por distintos territorios, el autor deja en evidencia la situación diaspórica de un sujeto que representa el conflicto de aquellos individuos que traspasan las fronteras establecidas en la lógica del mapa (...) trazado por Occidente, constituyendo así una transgresión de la propia configuración identitaria nacional. Desde este enfoque, se propone la figura de Amalfitano como el sujeto que deconstruye la idea eurocéntrica de la “rosa de los vientos” y permite apropiarse de esta misma noción para generar un juego casi “archimboldiano”: el origen de una “rosa ilimitada de los vientos”.: The present study attempts to show that through the novel Los sinsabores del verdadero policía, Roberto Bolaño constructs an allegory of the cracks that are caused in the symbolic frame of global geography through the figure of its protagonist, Oscar Amalfitano. From this character in constant transit through other territories, the author shows clearly the diasporic situation of a subject that represents the conflict of individuals who cross borders established in the logic of the map drawn by the West, thus constituting a violation of the configuration of national identity itself. In this approach, the figure of Amalfitano as the subject that deconstructs the Eurocentric idea of wind rose and allows the appropriation of this notion to generate an almost "archimboldiano" game: the origin of the the unlimited wind rose. (shrink)

Habermas's early work on action and practical rationality -- Practical rationality in Habermas's communicative paradigm -- Towards a thoroughly communicative conception of social action and its rationality.

Information is a notion of wide use and great intuitive appeal, and hence, not surprisingly, different formal paradigms claim part of it, from Shannon channel theory to Kolmogorov complexity. Information is also a widely used term in logic, but a similar diversity repeats itself: there are several competing logical accounts of this notion, ranging from semantic to syntactic. In this chapter, we will discuss three major logical accounts of information.

Este artículo discute y analiza la formación del carácter crítico e intelectual en Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot. A partir de fuentes diversas y, en parte, inexploradas, se reconstruye el proceso de formación y ejercicio de su actividad crítica entre 1950 y 1965. Se tienen en cuenta tanto las relaciones con otros intelectuales como la influencia de los diversos contextos en los cuales se dieron dichas relaciones. Así, su participación en Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, su correspondencia con Alfonso Reyes y con Nils Hedberg, su (...) actividad diplomática, su trabajo editorial y de traducción y, finalmente, su práctica docente, se estudian con objeto de tener un marco comprensivo. La obra crítica de Gutiérrez Girardot dista de estar comprendida y, de hecho, se precisa todavía de un exhaustivo trabajo de reconstrucción y análisis. This paper discusses and analyses the critical and intellectual nature of the work of Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot. It reproduces the process of construction and exercise of his critical activity (1950-1965), based on different sources some of them not yet very studied. The paper takes into account his relationships with other intellectuals and the influence of its different contexts. Thus, in order to get a comprehensive framework, it studies his participation in Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, his correspondence with Alfonso Reyes and Nils Hedberg, his diplomatic activity, his work as editor and translator and finally his teaching experience. The critical work of Gutiérrez Girardot is far from being completely interpreted and this makes necessary an exhaustive work of reconstruction and analysis. (shrink)

AI research is being challenged with ensuring that autonomous agents learn to behave ethically, namely in alignment with moral values. Here, we propose a novel way of tackling the value alignment problem as a two-step process. The first step consists on formalising moral values and value aligned behaviour based on philosophical foundations. Our formalisation is compatible with the framework of (Multi-Objective) Reinforcement Learning, to ease the handling of an agent’s individual and ethical objectives. The second step consists in designing an (...) environment wherein an agent learns to behave ethically while pursuing its individual objective. We leverage on our theoretical results to introduce an algorithm that automates our two-step approach. In the cases where value-aligned behaviour is possible, our algorithm produces a learning environment for the agent wherein it will learn a value-aligned behaviour. (shrink)

The dialogical principle, the organizational recursivity principle and the hologramatical principle, are the three principles can help us to think the complexity. The first one allows us to think how the duality can stay in the breast of the unit. The second lead us to the understanding of how the products and the effects are, at the same time, causes and products of what produces them. The third, and perhaps the most beautiful of three, refers that the part itself is (...) not only in the everything but rather the everything is also in the part. Three images can help us to clarify these principles: first, the process of mating of the hens produces hens, which produces the process of mating of the hens; second, the hens put eggs of where to come out more hens than put more eggs; third, a hen egg is a hen in potential. The configuration of a psychology of complexity is related with the application of this principles for the analysis of the social reality in several addresses: a) to win complexity in the explanatory and descriptive environments, opening diverse ways of thinking and novel investigation lines, accepting that the theories of the complexity have been related inevitably with the sciences of the behavior; b) to understand that the daily life can be studied from four optics that deserve recognition in the epistemological level of the social psychology: fuzzyness, catastrophic, fractal and chaotic; c) to recognize that reality demands scientific explanations complex and leave the simplicity; d) to renovate the psychology from their base and not from the obedience and the academic subjection. (shrink)

The present book verses on the current discussion, between authors writing within the Thomistic tradition, on the issue of human rights, and pretends to adjudicate that discussion. The positions of authors who are critical of the notion of human rights, like Michel Villey and Alasdair MacIntyre, as well as that of those who try to justify their existence and explain their nature, like Jacques Maritain, John Finnis, and others, are carefully explained and evaluated. This book is the first to deal (...) in detail with this contemporary discussion and therefore represents an important contribution to the bibliography on the philosophy of human rights, as well as to the bibliography on the Thomistic tradition. (shrink)

Con el objetivo de estudiar algunos problemas de ética relacionados con situaciones clínicas que involucran a la familia, se presenta una revisión sistemática de este término para entenderla y definirla. Concebida como un cuerpo orgánico en su constitución, estructura y organización, en el presente artículo se analizan las variadas circunstancias en las que existe una relación entre la ética clínica y la familia, principalmente haciendo énfasis a la diferencia entre la autonomía individual y la autoridad familiar.

Cuando ahora las formas de hacer historia materializan una multiplicidad de grafías, y el giro reflexivo y el giro historiográfico nos permiten idear las historias de las teorías de la historia en una posibilidad más, en este ensayo se presenta un deseo, una promesa cuya llave de acceso precisa saber lo que pretende la locución arqueoescritura. Esbozos y trazas de la teoría de la historia en cuestión: ¿qué cabe esperar en las escrituras diferidas de la arqueoescritura? Escrituras equívocas en clave (...) derridiana de la teoría de la historia como historiografía. Una posibilidad imposible aplazada. Escrituras para examinar la metafísica de la presencia en la historiografía, conscientes de que no podrán formular una teoría de la historia en la única firma derridiana, porque lo real se resiste a ser domado e incorporado al impar filosófico derridiano. (shrink)

El artículo traza un paralelo en la recepción de Nietzsche en España y en Colombia a finales del siglo XIX y en las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX. Para el caso español se estudia la filósofa María Zambrano, para el colombiano, a Carlos Arturo Torres. Se argumenta que Nietzsche fue fundamental en ambos países como una herramienta de crítica al conservadurismo, y como promesa de futuro. Al final, se trazan algunas similitudes en ambos procesos de recepción.

Dice Polo que el ser humano es un espíritu en el tiempo, y ello se manifiesta también en el cuerpo. Por eso, las explicaciones que nos ofrece la biología evolucionista sobre nuestra realidad vital no son completas si no tienen en cuenta su dualidad con lo superior. En este trabajo pretendemos profundizar en la idea de que el hombre no se finaliza en la especie, sino que la trasciende; en esto consiste el concepto de continuatio naturae.

This book focuses on dialog from a varied combination of fields: Linguistics, Philosophy of Language and Computation. It builds on the hypothesis that meaning in human communication arises at the discourse level rather than at the word level. The book offers a complex analytical framework and integration of the central areas of research around human communication. The content revolves around meaning but it also gives evidence of the connection among different points of view. Besides discussing issues of general interest to (...) the field, the book triggers theoretical argumentation that is currently under scientific discussion. It examines such topics as immanent reasoning joined with Recanati's lekta and free enrichment, challenges of internet conversation, inner dialogs, cognition and language, and the relation between assertion and denial. It proposes a dialogical framework for intra-negotiation and gives a geolinguistic perspective on spoken discourse. Finally, it examines dialog and abduction and sheds light on a generation of dialog contexts by means of multimodal logic applied to speech acts. (shrink)

This book is a call to expand and diversify our approach to the study of the human mind in relation to the Theory of Mind. It proposes that it is necessary to combine cross-disciplinary methods to arrive at a more complete understanding of how our minds work. Seeking to expand the discussion surrounding the Theory of Mind beyond the field of psychology, and its focus on our capacity to ascribe mental states to other people, this volume collects evidence and research (...) to point to a more holistic understanding of our own minds, the minds of others, behavior, language, and reasoning. This book therefore illuminates the conceptual intricacy underlying the Theory of Mind. It posits that a wide scope is necessary to make a breakthrough in scientific research towards a full understanding of the nature, function, and development of our capacity to converge on biological processes of the brain towards consciousness, emotion, awareness, and cognition. The volume presents methods, results, critiques, and models intended to provoke debates in various academic disciplines. It is of interest to scholars working in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and artificial intelligence. (shrink)