Efforts to embed anti-heterosexist curriculum at the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) can become confused and contradictory because of the persistent subjection of the student to the curriculum, and by maintaining sex as a subject of danger and prohibition. Examples from the new TDSB anti-discrimination curriculum resource that were perceived as politically controversial in 2011 are briefly assessed with the popular queer(ed) theories of Foucault (1978/1990), Butler (1990; 1993), and Rubin (1984/1993). Deleuze's (1988) interpretation of Spinoza’s work is also plumbed (...) to explain the consequences of heterosexist discourse in schools. The Deleuzian-Spinozan example of the caricatures of the “moralist trinity” shows that heterosexist discourses promote the production of “sad passions” throughout social relationships by creating “sad” characters within each individual. Finally, anti-heterosexist action in schools is described as modelling consent in curriculum and exposing relationships of subjection. (shrink)

NAVEGAR É PRECISO; VIVER NÃO É PRECISO: A LIBERDADE DE LOCOMOÇÃO NA INTERNET.

A pesquisa demonstra que a nova magia na contemporaneidade se dá por meio da ritualização de programas, que são estruturados com a clara intenção de programar o comportamento idolátrico da sociedade. A partir da teorização de Vilém Flusser examina-se o processo idolátrico das imagens que transforma as pessoas em sombras das imagens, presas ao desejo da imortalidade. O problema reside em saber como o ser humano se ocupará de símbolos, códigos, sistemas e como será sua vida nesse ambiente imaterial. Até (...) que nível a sociedade atual está programada? Os aparelhos vão resolver os problemas, ou seja, eles funcionarão em função da sociedade? Em primeiro lugar, explicita-se a lógica do funcionamento dos aparelhos. Depois, como a ciência se automatizou e transformou o programador em programado: de sujeito a objeto do processo ao transferir ao programa do aparelho todo o seu poder, tornando a sociedade em massa programada, que funciona em função dos aparelhos. O processo de idolatrização está em curso, entretanto o que se percebe é que a humanidade caminha para um totalitarismo programador. (shrink)

O texto tem por objetivo analisar e desenvolver uma crítica filosófica sobre o sistema capitalista globalizado, que atinge a vida de muitos no mundo todo influenciando não apenas o campo econômico, mas a vida concreta das pessoas, tendo como base teórica pensadores da Escola do DEI, Costa Rica. Trata-se de um processo injusto apadrinhado pelas teorias econômicas e pela realidade da escassez dos bens econômicos, que articula dois polos opostos: um que ao mesmo tempo domina, explora e exige sacrifícios, provoca (...) a adesão e fascínio das pessoas através do consumo de mercadorias; e outro cuja fundamentação mítica impõe como legítimo a exigência de sacrifícios humanos. Ao mesmo tempo que fascina e seduz, envolve a sociedade num caráter sacrifical, sedutor e de injustiça social. Assim, é possível destacar que nem o Estado, nem o mercado se apresentam capazes de evoluir para uma sociedade mais humana, justa e democrática. Atualmente a democracia e a justiça econômica amparam, sobretudo, os favorecidos e satisfeitos, cujo modelo prioriza a política do imediatismo da acomodação do pensamento econômico e político, levando a sociedade à regressão social e antropológica. (shrink)

A pesquisa apresenta o fenômeno da “idolatria” através de um diálogo interdisciplinar entre teologia e a filosofia. O aporte conceitual examina a idolatria enquanto expressão da divindade que oprime e exige a imolação de sacrifícios humanos. O problema consiste em saber se a idolatria acontece somente através do culto aos ídolos ou pode se desenvolver mesmo sem imagens? A idolatria consiste em qualquer realidade divinizada pelo homem. Ela constitui-se ao substituir o divino por algo que a represente. Enfim, a idolatria (...) esconde e legitima a opressão, especialmente, dos mais pobres, causando assimetrias e exclusão social. (shrink)

The Legal Knowledge Engineering is a new topic of investigationof Artificial Intelligence. This paper discusses some relevant problems relatedto this new area in a summarized way. Within the Normative Law Theory,one question that arises naturally is that of contradiction, like for example:articles conflicting with other articles inside the same code, codes conflictingwith codes, codes conflicting with jurisprudence, and in general, treatmentswith conflicting propositions in Normative Law Theory. This paper suggeststo treat directly inconsistencies in the Legal Knowledge Engineering; thisengineering has as (...) underlying logic a paraconsistent annotated deontic logic.There are three main approximations in Legal Knowledge Engineering basedon: cases, rules and logic. In this paper, we consider the approximationbased on logic. It is considered a paraconsistent annotated deontic logic.Based on this logic, it is established a new proposal that is called Paraconsistent Legal Knowledge Engineering. For this proposal, it it is suggested ameta-interpreter to support the deontic operators as well as inconsistency —entitled on this paper Paralog D that can be used as a base to handle withthe issues discussed. (shrink)

In this paper we present an overview of Professor Newton C. A. da Costa’s work in logic, emphasizing the main results obtained by him in the several areas of his research activity. The text furnish a detailed bibliographic reference of his works, which are listed in the last section.

Book ARAÚJO, João Pedro Gonçalves. Histórias, tradições e pensamentos batistas. São Paulo: Fonte Editorial, 2015. 208p. ISBN 978-85-6825-209-3.

Resenha: CRUZ, Eduardo Rodrigues da. Religião e ciência. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2014.

Resenha do livro: REIMER, Haroldo. Liberdade Religiosa na História e nas Constituições do Brasil. São Leopoldo: Oikos, 2013.

For philosophy to criticize the concept of reality requires self-criticism. Throughout history many thinkers that have systematized a critique of both reality and philosophy. In this article we will analyze the Kantian and Hegelian systems by showing the failure in their respective critique to exercise sufficient self-criticism, resulting in unfinished critiques. Going a step further, Tanabe’s proposal was to plunge philosophy into a kind of «absolute disruption» that would drive thought beyond itself by means of an absolute critique in which (...) being and nothingness are seen to interpenetrate each other, thus opening up the possibility of positing absolute nothingness as «a foundation that is not a foundation.». (shrink)

This text aims to show that the way of aesthetic knowledge in Schopenhauer functions as a critic to the instrumetnal rationality of the science under the regency of the principle of suffciente reason.O presente texto intenta mostrar que o modo de conhecimento estético em Schopenhauer funciona como um poder de crítica à racionalidade instrumental da ciência regida pelo princípio de razão.

Trata-se neste artigo de mostrar como se dá a recepção de alguns elementos da filosofia schopenhaueriana, como a oposição entre intelecto e vontade, na literatura de Machado de Assis. Com efeito, examinado o conto “Noite de almirante”, pode-se dizer que a personagem Genoveva faz as vezes da vontade, ao passo que Deolindo é guiado pelo intelecto.

O presente texto examina a definição de loucura de amor em Schopenhauer para, a partir do exemplo literário da personagem Ofélia do Hamlet de Shakespeare, dado pelo Boddhishatva de Frankfurt, fazer uma conexão com a loucura de amor da personagem Rubião do romance Quincas Borba de Machado de Assis.

O presente texto intenta mostrar que o modo de conhecimento estético em Schopenhauer funciona como um poder de crítica à racionalidade instrumental da ciência regida pelo princípio de razão.

Este artigo intenta mostrar as bases conceituais de uma metafísica do irracional em Schelling e Schopenhuaer, quando ambos os autores identificam na vontade a essência cega e irracional do mundo.

O artigo pretende mostrar que o pensamento do eterno retorno do mesmo de Nietzsche não é seu pensamento mais abismal (abgründlicher). como diz Ecce homo. mas na verdade tem um Grund (fundamento) bem localizado na filosofia de Schopenhauer. em especial nos textos estéticos.

Este texto procura mostrar como a concepção de linguagem de Schopenhauer implica uma delimitação para o poder da razão na teoria do conhecimento. Noutras palavras, a investigação da estrutura da linguagem jamais pode expressar o sentido do mundo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Schopenhauer. Schelling. Linguagem. Expressão. Verdade. Realidade. ABSTRACT This text aims to show how the language conception of Schopenhauer implies a delimitation for the power of reason in the theory of knowledge. In other words, the investigation of language’s structure never can (...) express the meaning of the world. KEY WORDS – Schopenhauer. Schelling. Language. Expression. Truth. Reality. (shrink)

O artigo mostra como se originou a Naturphilosophie , filosofia-da-natureza, de Schelling a partir do seu confronto crítico com a biologia de Kielmeyer, as concepções de natureza de Goethe e sobretudo com a teoria do organismo da Terceira Crítica de Kant.

This paper deals with the reception of some elements of Schopenhauerian philosophy, such as the oposition between intellect and will, in the literature of Machado de Assis. Indeed, if we examine the short story "Noite de almirante", we can see that the character Genoveva represents the will, while Deolindo is guided by the intellect.Trata-se neste artigo de mostrar como se dá a recepção de alguns elementos da filosofia schopenhaueriana, como a oposição entre intelecto e vontade, na literatura de Machado de (...) Assis. Com efeito, examinado o conto "Noite de almirante", pode-se dizer que a personagem Genoveva faz as vezes da vontade, ao passo que Deolindo é guiado pelo intelecto. (shrink)

Resumo da dissertação de mestrado LEAL, Jair Souza. Convenção Batista Mineira: estudo de uma trajetória centenária. 2016. Dissertação, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.

Review ASSIS, João Marcus Figueiredo; RODRIGUES, Denise dos Santos . Cidadania, movimentos sociais e religião: abordagens contemporâneas. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2013.

This article discusses a philosophical experience that occurred through observing and writing an account of a philosophy class with this question in mind: What can a literary work/reading evoke as an experience of thought in a philosophy class? We attempt to answer this by reflecting on how the act of literary reading can constitute a proponent bias to initiate an experience of thought, common thread of a dialogue that will drive the entire conversation. To this end, we dialogue and delineate (...) a parallel path, based on a comparison between the account of this experience in a municipal public school and the transformation/metamorphosis of a butterfly. We then seek to convey through poetic language a lightness, an invitation to fly, to enable us to leave the ground and inhabit the air that literally gives voice to a first grader, probably autistic, who had spent the last six months in regular classes, but who did not speak in public. We see experience as Larrosa does, as something that affects, that passes through, “this that happens to me,” while we adopt Kohan’s view of thinking in public schools as one of the mandatory paradoxes and primary purposes of education. In so doing, our goal is to present philosophy for/with children as a real possibility to enable leaving a cocoon, the bringing to fruition of a cycle of metamorphosis from childhood or from education itself in/to thought. This article thus argues in favor of the importance of philosophy in education, since it literally provides the opportunity to stimulate thought. (shrink)

RESUMEN Desde el planteamiento de Gadamer sobre diálogo se muestra que cuando los interlocutores efectúan la conversación en armonía con el proteger el derecho de opinión y el reconocer de modo recíproco los límites de los puntos de vista arriesgados, es factible configurar comunidad de vida humana en la mutua estima y aprobar la validez de otros juicios como respuestas que ayudan con el proceso interhumano de entendimiento común. Y en este realizar el diálogo así tiene lugar una creación nueva (...) de sentido que con la participación de la pluralidad lleva a cabo simultáneamente la actualización del habitual modo de efectuar la formación de comunidad de vida. En la medida en que los interlocutores ejercen el entender sus opiniones en relación con la pregunta orientadora del diálogo y reconocen la finitud de sus puntos de vista como posibilidades entre otras, se contribuye con el establecimiento de comunidad de vida humana en un sentido completamente distinto trasformando con ello de un modo u otro las prácticas habituales de relación e integración social. En primer lugar, se explica el vínculo entre experiencia comprensible y conversación; y, en segundo lugar, se establece el modo como Gadamer describe el presupuesto hermenéutico de la pertenencia y su relación con la creación de un nuevo sentido que incumbe a la experiencia comprensible del entendimiento interhumano en la conversación. ABSTRACT From Gadamer's approach to dialogue, it is shown that when the interlocutors carry out the conversation in harmony with protecting the right of opinion and reciprocally recognizing the limits of risky points of view, it is feasible to configure a community of human life in mutual estimate and approve the validity of other judgments as answers that help with the interhuman process of common understanding. And in this realization of the dialogue thus a new creation of meaning takes place that with the participation of the plurality simultaneously carries out the updating of the usual way of carrying out the formation of a community of life. To the extent that the interlocutors understand their opinions in relation to the guiding question of the dialogue and recognize the finiteness of their points of view as possibilities among others, it contributes to the establishment of a community of human life in a completely different sense, transforming with this, in one way or another, the usual practices of relationship and social integration. First, the link between understandable experience and conversation is explained; and, secondly, the way in which Gadamer describes the hermeneutical assumption of belonging and its relationship with the creation of a new meaning that concerns the comprehensible experience of interhuman understanding in conversation is established. (shrink)

this article seeks to approach the challenge of inventing oneself as a teacher through the eyes of childhood—a human dimension characterized by intensity, full of possibilities, connecting the movement of invention to the challenges encountered in day-to-day learning and teaching in school spaces. From that encounter with childhood, it is possible to create new perspectives and clues that can contribute to the development of eyes capable of seeing, "unraveling", "overturning" the world--in other words, seeing the world from several angles not (...) yet explored, with new childlike lenses. This approach is potent enough potent to bring to life educational activities that provoke the teacher, in the complex art of building or inventing themselves, and developing the capacity to preserve the creativity of children of all ages. This perspective enables the act of thinking to be experienced in infinite and unimaginable ways, not only enriching but also transforming the practices and knowledge that inhabit the time of searching—the time of becoming teacher, becoming learner, becoming school. This paper does not seek to provide answers to the challenges and concerns presented, but, it is intended to be a careful exercise of looking at the issues that directly or indirectly affect the journey of all who venture out and challenge themselves to build educational experiences committed to the transformation and creation of other ways of relating to childhood, with children, with school, in short, with the very invention of the self, as an art of traversing the paths along which one becomes an educatorinvention, childhood, teacher, philosophy. (shrink)

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether there are morally defensible reasons for using or operating websites that offer distributed denial-of-service attacks on a specified target to users for a price. Booters have been linked to some of the most powerful DDoS attacks in recent years. Design/methodology/approach The authors identify the various parties associated with booter websites and the means through which booters operate. Then, the authors present and evaluate the two arguments that they claim may be used to justify (...) operating and using booters: that they are a useful tool for testing the ability of networks and servers to handle heavy traffic, and that they may be used to perform DDoS attacks as a form of civil disobedience on the internet. Findings The authors argue that the characteristics of existing booters disqualify them from being morally justified as network stress testing tools or as a means of performing civil disobedience. The use of botnets that include systems without the permission of their owners undermines the legitimacy of both justifications. While a booter that does not use any third-party systems without permission might in principle be justified under certain conditions, the authors argue that it is unlikely that any existing booters meet these requirements. Practical/implications Law enforcement agencies may use the arguments presented here to justify shutting down the operation of booters, and so reduce the number of DDoS attacks on the internet. Originality/value The value of this work is in critically examining the potential justifications for using and operating booter websites and in further exploring the ethical aspects of using DDoS attacks as a form of civil disobedience. (shrink)

Jaśkowski [3] presented a new propositional calculus labeled “discussive propositional calculus”, to serve as an underlying basis for inconsistent but non-trivial theories. This system was later extended to lower andhigher order predicate calculus . Jaśkowski’s system of discussiveor discursive propositional calculus can actually be extended to predicatecalculus in at least two ways. We have the intention using this calculus ofbuilding later as a basis for a discussive theory of sets. One way is thatstudied by Da Costa and Dubikajtis. Another one (...) is developed in this paperas a solution to a problem formulated by Da Costa. In this work we study afirst order discussive predicate calculus J∗∗.The paper consists of three parts. In the first part we introduce thecalculus J∗∗ and, following Prof. D. Makinson’s suggestion, we show that itis not identical with the predicate calculus [2] of Da Costa and Dubikajtis.An axiomatization of J∗∗ is presented. In the second one, we introduce newdiscussive connectives and study some of the properties. We observe thatthe usual Kripke semantics can be adapted to the calculus J∗∗. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es el de reflexionar sobre la relación política y legitimación del Estado en las sociedades modernas liberales, a partir del enfrentamiento ideológico entre los promotores del “estado de opinión” y los defensores del Estado de Derecho en Colombia. Considero que la participación, la comunicación deliberativa, el uso público de la razón práctica, la autonomía ciudadana y el respeto a los derechos fundamentales son supuestos ético-políticos inevitables sí queremos construir una cultura política democrática y pluralista en (...) Colombia. Para justificar mi punto de vista, procederé del siguiente modo. En primer lugar, introduciré la idea de que en la democracia deliberativa se privilegia el concurso de la pluralidad política en pleno respeto tanto del derecho como de los procedimientos institucionalizados de comunicación entre los ciudadanos y las instituciones públicas. En segundo lugar, sostendré que la democracia deliberativa implica un proceso democrático sujeto a principios generales imparciales de justicia. (shrink)

El problema del diálogo entre interlocutores con distintas expresionesculturales es una de las difi cultades más notables que afrontan las actualessociedades democráticas. En el presente artículo se aborda dicho problemaen clave de los aportes fi losófi cos de Hans Georg Gadamer y Charles Taylor.Se plantea como pregunta central: ¿qué actitudes ameritan promover losinterlocutores con tradiciones culturales incompatibles para la construcciónde unidad política democrática y pluricultural? Se acoge como principiode argumentación la idea de que diálogo abierto y reconocimiento mutuoson dos actitudes (...) ineludibles de cualquier intento sano por construir unidadpolítica democrática y pluricultural. (shrink)

In this paper we examine Husserl’s ethics contribution to the understanding of human action determined by self-responsibility. We admit that self-responsibility is that ‘capacity’ of any subject to take a reflective stance on himself and his life. In this sense, the subject only experiences fully being responsible when guides his reason in the multidimensionality of his actions, aiming at a personal and cultural renewal. To show this, we firstly analyze the project of renewal of man and culture in the personalist (...) ethics proposed by Husserl, viewed from the history of parricide Karamazov. Secondly, we inquire about one of the two dimensions of human personality, self-awareness and presence of oneself, to approach the complex intentional act in which this selfconsciousness takes place. Thirdly, we analyze how the ability of self-determination, the other key dimension of the person, makes possible the self-appraisal by which the new man values his actions, motives, means and ends. We conclude that the self guides his life in full participation and emotional manifestation out of experiences that strengthen the ‘self’ and the ‘us’. (shrink)

En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los elementos teóricos que fundamentanla dimensión interpretativa como parte del marco epistemológicoque nos permitirá entender la situación de tensión y conflicto entre la visiónde justicia del régimen imperante y la administración de justicia pensada yrealizada desde las etnias en Colombia. Después se reconstruyen tres aspectospropios de la dimensión interpretativa para mostrar que dicha situaciónde tensión y conflicto puede comprenderse por fuera de la alternativa deobjetividad y de subjetividad establecida por la concepción clásica del (...) conocimiento.Se concluye que la dimensión interpretativa nos posibilita comprendery reconocer que existe un espacio de la multiplicidad simbólica ycultural. Espacio que demanda de ciudadanos con disposición para arriesgary remover continuamente las mentalidades empleadas en la interacciónsocial. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se afirma que el lenguaje determinado por el seguimiento de reglas, por la intencionalidad de los estados mentales y por las expresiones con contenidos, tiene una preeminencia frente al planteamiento funcional ofrecido por la versión cognitiva en lo relacionado con el estudio de los procesos mentales. 1) Se reconstruye el modo como Searle entiende el lenguaje y la manera como están entrelazados sus rasgos constitutivos con el problema de los estados mentales. 2) Se muestra la característica (...) principal de cada uno de los rasgos del lenguaje. 3) Se concluye que los contenidos de la acción mental intencionada están siempre determinados por la infinita capacidad individual y por la generosa multiplicidad de perspectivas generales sobre el mundo, en lo referente con la continua creación y representación de los hechos institucionales determinados por el lenguaje. (shrink)

Este artículo tratará el problema del reconocimiento de las identidades colectivasen el marco del Estado democrático de derecho a partir de la interpretación sugerida por Jürgen Habermas. Se presenta, en primer lugar, el problemadel reconocimiento de las demandas de las identidades colectivas; en segundolugar, algunos presupuestos teóricos previos al debate con Taylorsobre la lucha por el reconocimiento en las sociedades modernas; y en tercerlugar, algunos de los elementos teóricos que estructuran la interpretación deJürgen Habermas en torno al reconocimiento de las (...) demandas no satisfechasde las identidades colectivas. Se concluye que el reconocimiento de lasidentidades colectivas puede articularse moral y políticamente si en el Estadodemocrático de derecho se crean condiciones de igualdad de derechos yparticipación. Condiciones fundamentales para que en el ámbito de lo públicolos actores sociales realicen el ejercicio de la autonomía ciudadana, el cualdebe estar orientado a visualizar con claridad los intereses colectivos y loscriterios justificados que permitan tratar de modo justo los diferentes interesesy necesidades de las identidades colectivas. (shrink)