Jean-Michel Vienne; IX*—Locke on Real Essence and Internal Constitution1, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 93, Issue 1, 1 June 1993, Pages 139–15.

A well-established narrative in the history of science has it that the years around 1800 saw the end of a purely descriptive, classificatory and static natural history. The emergence of a temporal understanding of nature and the new developmental-history approach, it is thought, permitted the formation of modern biology. This paper questions that historical narrative by closely analysing the concepts of development, history and time set out in Karl Ernst von Baer’s study of the mammalian egg (1827). I show that (...) Baer’s research on embryogenesis aimed not simply to explain temporal changes, but to inscribe the formation of new individual organisms into a continuous, unending organic process. I confront Baer’s views with other explanations of embryogenesis arising in the 1820s and 1830s, especially those of Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Jean-Louis Prévost and of Theodor Schwann. By highlighting divergences between these scientists, especially as to their view of the role of gender differences in reproduction, I argue that biology evolved not from a homogeneous concept of developmental history but out of various, even opposing, views and research programmes. Thus, the birth of biology did not imply the end of all natural history’s thought models. (shrink)

Jean-Michel Vienne; IX*—Locke on Real Essence and Internal Constitution1, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 93, Issue 1, 1 June 1993, Pages 139–15.

Quelle place donner a l'histoire de la philosophie? Tradition analytique et tradition francaise ont eu longtemps des reponses tellement opposees, qu'une tradition pouvait rejeter l'autre d'apres ce seul critere; ceux qui condamnaient la reduction de la philosophie a l'histoire des idees et denoncaient l'oubli de la dimension intemporelle des argumentations valides, etaient eux memes critiques pour la naivete de leur silence sur la dimension historique de toute reflexion philosophique. Les positions ont evolue de chaque cote: un nouveau tournant philosophique, l'existence (...) d'un courant post-analytique, la qualite du travail historique, la percee de la philosophie analytique sur le continent,... ont change les rapports. Des specialistes de chaque tradition dressent ici une carte de la situation, et, ce faisant, definissent ce qu'ils entendent par philosopher. (shrink)