Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) helps researchers understand how cognitive skills and strategies make it possible for people to act effectively and get things done. CTA can yield information people needemployers faced with personnel issues, market researchers who want to understand the thought processes of consumers, trainers and others who design instructional systems, health care professionals who want to apply lessons learned from errors and accidents, systems analysts developing user specifications, and many other professionals. CTA can show what makes the workplace (...) workand what keeps it from working as well as it might.Working Minds is a true handbook, offering a set of tools for doing CTA: methods for collecting data about cognitive processes and events, analyzing them, and communicating them effectively. It covers both the "why" and the "how" of CTA methods, providing examples, guidance, and stories from the authors' own experiences as CTA practitioners. Because effective use of CTA depends on some conceptual grounding in cognitive theory and researchon knowing what a cognitive perspective can offerthe book also offers an overview of current research on cognition.The book provides detailed guidance for planning and carrying out CTA, with chapters on capturing knowledge and capturing the way people reason. It discusses studying cognition in real-world settings and the challenges of rapidly changing technology. And it describes key issues in applying CTA findings in a variety of fields. Working Minds makes the methodology of CTA accessible and the skills involved attainable. (shrink)

How can we help people develop judgement and decision skills? One approach is to teach formal methods such as decision analyses, but these are difficult to apply in ill-structured settings, and the methods are unworkable when one is under time pressure and uncertain conditions. If we regard these skills as types of expertise that can be developed, then in a given domain we may attempt to define the cues, patterns, and strategies used by experts, and develop a programme to teach (...) people how to think like experts. However, in many settings this can be impractical. A different approach to decision skills training is to teach people how to learn like experts. By identifying a set of strategies used by experts to develop their proficiency at decision making, we can develop a programme aimed at helping people become reflective practitioners. This article describes such a training programme. (shrink)

This is the third draft of a paper that aims to clarify the apparent contradictions in the views presented in certain standards and other specifications of health informatics systems, contradictions which come to light when the latter are evaluated from the perspective of realist philosophy. One of the origins of this document was Klein’s discussion paper of 2005-07-02 entitled “Conceptology vs Reality” and the responses from Smith, as well as the several hours of discussions during the 2005 MIE meeting in (...) Geneva. (shrink)

Fluid-phase endocytosis (pinocytosis) kinetics were studied inDictyostelium discoideum amoebae from the axenic strain Ax-2 that exhibits high rates of fluid-phase endocytosis when cultured in liquid nutrient media. Fluorescein-labelled dextran (FITC-dextran) was used as a marker in continuous uptake- and in pulse-chase exocytosis experiments. In the latter case, efflux of the marker was monitored on cells loaded for short periods of time and resuspended in marker-free medium. A multicompartmental model was developed which describes satisfactorily fluid-phase endocytosis kinetics. In particular, it accounts (...) correctly for the extended latency period before exocytosis in pulse-chase experiments and it suggests the existence of some sorts of maturation stages in the pathway. (shrink)

The trials of life can wear us down. Unexpected events force us to face a new reality and unanswered prayers lead us to a growing frustration about why God doesn't intervene. We wonder if anything good can come out of this painful, dark, winter season. Grace Wabuke Klein knows that there is purpose in our darkest days and seasons of waiting. In Flourish, Grace meets the reader in their heartache, disappointment, and pain and gives encouragement and a fresh perspective on (...) the winter seasons we all go through, as well as practical steps to not just survive but to find purpose in the unknown and unexpected. Drawing insight from her own winter seasons, Grace reveals the divine purpose in each season of our lives. She explains how: -Fall is a time of release-a necessary season of letting go of offenses, unhealthy relationships, hurts, bad habits, toxic friendships, pride, unforgiveness and other heart issues before we can ever move on to the next season -Winter is a time of unexpected challenges and unknown futures-yet lessons learned in life's storms are deep and full of growth to shape us and makes us stronger. -Spring is a time of new things that require us to be open to new experiences, people, ideas, and perspective-stepping out into the unknown and uncomfortable. -Summer is a time when everything is flourishing-we clearly see how each season cultivated a deeper level of faith and spiritual muscles, developing our character and perseverance. Grace discovered there is value and unseen gifts in each season, but only in the hard seasons and storms of life are vital spiritual disciplines developed. Flourish connects with the reader in the tension and storms of life to bring a word of hope. (shrink)

Para abordar o tema da História em Espinosa, confrontamos seis leituras, definindo conveniências, diferenças e oposições entre elas, de maneira a explicitar a pertinência, o alcance e as dificuldades desta temática. Observamos que a relação entre metafísica e história é a base comum das leituras consideradas, com suas diferenças recíprocas a se medir desde as distintas concepções desta relação. Por este critério, dividimos os autores em dois grupos: Cassirer, Strauss e Gueroult separaram metafísica e história em Espinosa; Matheron, Althusser e (...) Negri as vinculam. Demoramo-nos mais na leitura de Negri, pois, entre estes leitores, é aquele que levou mais longe a proposta segundo a qual a História – em seus termos, como produção do real e como ontologia do social – está no cerne desta filosofia e, portanto, a constitui. Nosso argumento de fundo, entretanto, passa por destacar que nenhuma destas interpretações discerniu a contento a conveniência, na filosofia de Espinosa, entre os métodos geométrico e histórico, ou, ainda, entre metafísica e interpretação da experiência. (shrink)

The first, Ali Elovic, fought on several fronts in World War II and was forced to endure the horrors of Nazi and Communist prisons, but still maintained his thirst for life, emerging as a successful businessman. The second, Nobel Prize-winning virologist Carleton Gajdusek, used his extraordinary scientific talent to escape conventional life and to provide a home and education to more than thirty youths from "primitive" cultures in New Zealand, Australia, and other places.

Zusammenfassung Der Text zielt auf eine stadtsoziologische Fundierung aktueller urbaner Bewegungskulturen. Die gängige Annahme sportsoziologischer Befunde ist, jugendliche Bewegungskulturen als Phänomen der Großstadt oder als eine Gegenbewegung zu der Funktionalität der modernern Städte auszuweisen. Demgegenüber wird hier die These entfaltet, dass die postindustrielle Stadt für die Eventisierung und Festivalisierung der Bewegungs- und Sportkulturen erst die sozialräumlichen Bedingungen bereit gestellt hat. Zentrale Vorgänge waren hierbei die Theatralisierung und Musealisierung des öffentlichen Raumes sowie die ästhetische Umdeutung des spezifisch modernen Konzeptes einer normativen (...) Urbanität Die Argumentationsfigur wird über die Zusammenführung zweier soziologischer Diskursfelder, die Stadtsoziologie und der Bewegungs- und Sportsoziologie entfaltet. Zunächst werden die sich zum Teil ergänzenden, zum Teil widersprüchlichen jüngeren Trends der Stadtentwicklung systematisch aufgearbeitet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden sie dann ins Verhältnis zu den vorliegenden sportsoziologischen Befunden städtischer Bewegungskulturen gesetzt. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Körperliche Bewegung beschreibt einen elementaren Zugang des Menschen zur Welt - und die­ser war und ist kulturell und sozial different. Geschlechter- oder Jugendkulturen, altersspezifische, ethnische oder klassenspezifische Kulturen beispielsweise sind zugleich Produzenten und Effekte unterschiedlicher Bewegungspraktiken und Bewegungsordnungen. Unterschiedliche Lebensstilmu­ster korrespondieren mit entsprechenden Bewegungsmustern. In globalisierten und medialisierten Gesellschaften haben sich Bewegungspraktiken, kulturelle Tanzformen und kulturspezifische Sportarten weltweit verbreitet. Gemeinhin wird die Globalisierung von Bewegungspraktiken entweder als eine weltweite Homogenisierung oder als eine lokale Differenzierung gedeutet. Wie sich aber dieser (...) Prozess vollzieht und wie die Praktiken des kul­turellen Übersetzens von Bewegung beschreibbar sind, bleibt dabei häufig ausgeblendet. Der Beitrag will der Frage des Wie nachgehen und entwirft anhand des Konzeptes der kultuellen Übersetzung eine praxistheoretische Perspektive auf den globalen Transfer von Bewegungspraktiken. An ausge­wählten Beispielen wird ein praxistheoretischer Zugang auf kulturelle Übersetzungen von Bewegung skizziert. (shrink)

It is only when the man of faith is oriented exclusively toward what the apostle called "the word of the cross," which requires that he "give an account of his dealings with the world," that the archaic structures of society are really thrown into a crisis.

This article explores the theological role of cities in Judaism as settings for the mediation between the heavenly and earthly realms. By way of juxtaposing the late antique city of Sepphoris and the modern settlement of Me'ah She'arim in Jerusalem, two understandings of this mediation will be studied dialectically. The differences and similarities between the two communities and their self-representation through urban architecture reveal the ways in which the highest religious symbols are manifested in the life of a city. They (...) also unfold the transformation of modernity and the particular interpretation of a Jewish settlement it inspired. (shrink)