Provides a philosophical analysis of such biological concepts as natural selection, adaptation, speciation, and evolution.

Discusses the nature of time, suggests a hierarchical model of human temporal experience, and proposes a new definition of consciousness.

In this book the author analyzes the work of physicists, mathematicians, biologists, historians, and philosophers in order to discover the principles that underlie their various ways of knowing and in terms of which they describe the ...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Introduction Undoubtedly it would be useful to interpret the "new Nietzsche," as he is often called, within the larger contexts of "Nietzsche and the ...

Repeatedly discrepancies arise between regulations of state legislation and the moral teachings of the Catholic Church. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to define the role of theological ethics or moral theology. The discussion of the legal regulation of assisted suicide in Germany after the BVerfG ruling of 26. 2. 2020 will serve as an example. First, the current legal situation in Germany and the reaction of the churches with their respective justifications will be presented. Subsequently, the self-understanding of theological (...) ethics, as it developed after the Second Vatican Council is considered. One question concerns how the relation between revelation and moral norms is defined in this new self-understanding, in order then to present the associated normative justification theory in contrast to corresponding traditional models of argument. This clarifies the independent role of theological ethics vis-à-vis the educational institutions, which role enables unreserved opening up to social reality. Finally, the question of assisted suicide is addressed, using the principle of proportionality as a fundamental ethical principle. Accordingly, wherever possible, means milder than suicide should be chosen first to solve the underlying problems. Nevertheless, from a theological-ethical point of view, assisting another person’s suicide does not always seem to be unlawful and culpable. (shrink)

Unter den Philosophen war Cassirer einer der ersten, der die philosophischen Probleme erkannte und aufgenommen hat, die durch Fortschritte der modernen Physik aufgeworfen wurden. In seinem Vorwort zu der in diesem Band enthaltenen Schrift "Zur Einsteinschen Relativtätstheorie" erklärt er es zum Ziel seiner Studie, in den aus dieser Theorie folgenden erkenntnistheoretischen Fragen, über welche das Urteil der Philosophen und der Physiker damals noch weit auseinandergingen, eine wechselseitige Verständigung zwischen beiden anzubahnen. Inhalt: Maßbegriffe und Dingbegriffe, Die empirischen und begrifflichen Grundlagen der (...) Relativitätstheorie, Der philosophische Wahrheitsbegriff und die Relativitätstheorie, Materie – Äther – Raum, Der Raum- und Zeitbegriff des kritischen Idealismus und die Relativitätstheorie, Euklidische und Nicht-Euklidische Geometrie, Die Relativitätstheorie und das Problem der Realität. (shrink)

This book represents a unique attempt to reconcile the traditional oppositions of the natural law and social utopian traditions, providing basic insights into the meaning of human rights in a socialist society.

Brian Skyrms has argued that the evolution of the social contract may be explained using the tools of evolutionary game theory. I show in the first half of this paper that the evolutionary game-theoretic models are often highly sensitive to the specific processes that they are intended to simulate. This sensitivity represents an important robustness failure that complicates Skyrms's project. But I go on to make the positive proposal that we may none the less obtain robust results by simulating the (...) population structures that existed among our evolutionary ancestors. It is by extending the evolutionary models in this way that we should pursue the project of explaining the evolution of the social contract. (shrink)

Complementary and alternative medicine has become an important section of healthcare. Its high level of acceptance among the general population represents a challenge to healthcare professionals of all disciplines and raises a host of ethical issues. This article is an attempt to explore some of the more obvious or practical ethical aspects of complementary and alternative medicine.