A cultura humana envolve uma rede complexa de dinâmicas e de trocas simbólicas. Entre as perspectivas teóricas que propiciam perscrutar liames dessas dinâmicas, possibilitando vislumbrar horizontes de tendências de novos paradigmas que se engendram nas fronteiras móveis de formas de representação da vida humana, entendemos que os Estudos Comparados de Literatura, por sua natureza interdisciplinar, possibilitam canais de comunicação entre várias disciplinas e áreas do conhecimento. Como espaço de reflexão, a perspectiva contemporânea desses estudos vem encorajando a tomada de consciência (...) da capacidade de a literatura ser uma forma de conhecimento da realidade e, por isso mesmo, encoraja a tomada de consciência do caráter pluralista que envolve o fenômeno literário, possibilitando relações interculturais, interdiscursivas e intersemióticas. O presente estudo com base nesses pressupostos, propõe, pelo diálogo possível entre a Literatura e a Antropologia, uma leitura da obra Onde a onça bebe água, tendo as representações presentes nas cosmologias amazônicas, como ponto de discussão e intercâmbio. Para tanto, serão utilizados estudos do antropólogo brasileiro Eduardo Viveiros de Castro e a produção literária que executa em parceria com Verônica Stigger. (shrink)

This paper explores that the topic of ethics dumping, its causes and potential remedies. In ED, the weaknesses or gaps in ethics policies and systems of lower income countries are intentionally exploited for intellectual or financial gains through research and publishing by higher income countries with a more stringent or complex ethical infrastructure in which such research and publishing practices would not be permitted. Several examples are provided. Possible ED needs to be evaluated before research takes place, and detected prior (...) to publication as an academic paper, because it might lead to a collaborative effort between a wealthier country with restrictive ethical policies and a less wealthy country with more permissive policies. Consequently, if that collaboration ultimately results in an academic paper, there are ethical ramifications of ED to scholarly communication. Institutional review board approval is central to avoid ED-based collaborations. Blind trust and goodwill alone cannot eliminate the exploitation of indigenous or “vulnerable” populations’ intellect and resources. Combining community-based participatory research using clear codes of research conduct and a simple but robust verification system in academic publishing may reduce the risks of ED-based research from being published. (shrink)

Within current political, social, and ethical debates – both in academia and society – activism and how individuals should approach issues facing nonhuman animals, have become increasingly important, ‘hot’ issues. Individuals, groups, advocacy agencies, and governments have all espoused competing ideas for how we should approach nonhuman use and exploitation. Ought we proceed through liberation? Abolition? Segregation? Integration? As nonhuman liberation, welfare, and rights’ groups increasingly interconnect and identify with other ‘social justice movements’, resolutions to these questions have become increasingly (...) entangled with questions of what justice and our ethical commitments demand on this issue, and the topic has become increasingly significant and divisive. -/- The book considers how this question, and contemporary issues facing nonhumans (such as experimentation, hunting, and factory farming) should be answered by drawing on both theory and practice in order to provide grounded, yet actionable, ways forward. -/- Indicatively, the book covers topics such as: • The intersection between interspecies ethics and the ethics of war and self-defence • Nonhuman animals as political subjects and acting agents • Whether we should intervene for nonhuman animals in cases of natural disaster • Various explorations of why the nonhuman movement may not be succeeding as well as it could be • Comparisons between the nonhuman movement and other social movement • Arguments for and against intervening to help or save nonhumans, and how far we may go • What intervention could ultimately mean for nonhumans -/- The book is therefore intended not only to provide new and interesting insight into the area and important contemporary discussions, but also to constructively aid the nonhuman movement and unite theory and practice on the crucial issues. With the nonhuman movement and its past approaches currently being questioned as a success, more nonhumans than ever being harmed and exploited, and a growing gulf between activists and scholars, this book will not only be a timely addition to the literature, but an attempt to bridge these gaps and move both theory and practice – and thus the movement and field – forward. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo pretende traçar as possibilidades de aproximação entre ambos os filósofos por meio do prisma do espaço, do mundo, da terra, do habitar e da casa. Para isso, foram utilizadas, principalmente, leituras que permeiam o segundo Heidegger, nas obras entre 1936 e 1969, e as obras de Bachelard mais ligadas a terra e ao espaço, entre 1933 e 1948. Desse modo, após várias reflexões sobre as semelhanças e dessemelhanças de ambos os filósofos, foi possível encontrar os pontos de (...) divergência e convergência, estes últimos acabam superando os primeiros nos entre-espaços possíveis, sobretudo, nas visões da arte, mas não tanto da linguagem que cada um utilizou. Por isso, são desafiadoras e instigantes as rupturas causadas na possibilidade de continuidade dessas tendências filosóficas. ABSTRACT The article aims at exploring the possibilities of establishing connections between Heidegger and Bachelard from the perspective of space, world, dwelling, and house. We used works written by Heidegger between 1936 and 1939, after the "second" period, and those written by Bachelard between 1933 and 1948, which deal more with earth and space. Reflection on the similarities and differences between the philosophers makes it possible to find points of divergence and convergence. The latter are greater than the former in the possible in-between spaces, mainly regarding the views on art, but not that many with respect to the language used by each one. For this reason, the breaks in the possible continuity of these philosophic views are challenging and encourage further reflection. (shrink)

O presente ensaio tem por finalidade abordar filosoficamente o cenário de medo e desconfiança instaurado no Brasil e no mundo durante a recente pandemia do COVID-19, a partir de algumas considerações sobre os fundamentos políticos da moderna filosofia de Thomas Hobbes. A questão central tratada pelo trabalho é a influência do medo sobre as ações humanas e políticas dentro de uma situação de desarmonia social avessa aos princípios democráticos. Em primeiro lugar, buscaremos mostrar como o medo é considerado pela filosofia (...) hobbesiana como sendo um sentimento religioso capaz de regular as ações e o entendimento dos indivíduos tanto fora quanto dentro do Estado civil. Em segundo lugar, buscamos mostrar como a maximização do medo social pode resultar em uma desconfiança generalizada entre as pessoas e entre os poderes políticos que apenas promove as crenças e superstições dos discursos religiosos e ideológicos mais radicais. Partindo das considerações de Hobbes sobre os fundamentos da soberania civil, investigaremos algumas relações fundamentais entre o medo, a política e a religião nas bases da moderna política estatal. Podemos dizer que, em linhas gerais, este ensaio busca mostrar como um desentendimento do Estados civil consigo mesmo e com seus poderes constitutivos instaurou na população brasileira, desnorteada politicamente pela crise causada pela pandemia do novo coronavírus, uma condição de medo e desconfiança semelhante ao estado de natureza bélico, descrito por Hobbes no _Leviatã_. (shrink)

This paper considers the parametric control to the Lorenz system by state feedback. Based on the solutions of the generalized Sylvester matrix equation, the unified explicit parametric expression of the state feedback gain matrix is proposed. The closed loop of the Lorenz system can be transformed into an arbitrary constant matrix with the desired eigenstructure. The freedom provided by the parametric control can be fully used to find a controller to satisfy the robustness criteria. A numerical simulation is developed to (...) illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. (shrink)

This paper investigates the cultural significance of black holes and suns as metaphors in continental European literature and art, drawing on theoretical insights from French continental authors such as Jean-François Lyotard and Ray Brassier. Lyotard suggests that black holes signify the ultimate form of the sublime, representing the displacement of humanity and our unease with our place in the cosmos. On the other hand, Brassier views black holes as a consequence of the entropic dissolution of matter, reflecting physical reality's indifference (...) to subjective or teleological significance. The study also presents a curated collection of literary works and artworks that employ black holes and suns as metaphors, examining the emergence of these metaphorical objects and identifying discursive and epistemological shifts in society. Furthermore, this collaborative research project, involving the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo and the Federal Fluminense University in Brazil, and the Charles University in Prague in the Czech Republic, aims to provide a valuable resource for further academic inquiry. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with the particular problems raised by observations of phenomena outside the common course of nature for their validation as knowledge. It examines to what extent the content of the reports and, in particular, their lack of intrinsic plausibility affected the methods used in their authentication and the assessment of testimony at the Royal Society in the first half of the eighteenth century. I show that literary strategies were usually necessary but not sufficient for the validation of (...) these kinds of observations. Next, I discuss why visual representations were especially useful in establishing the singularity of the observations, but I point out that their high costs and other restrictions meant that they were not so widespread. In contrast I show that, for a long period of time, testimony was used in the majority of the reports as the true stamp of authenticity. I note, however, that the Royal Society accepted reports by authors of varied social status, level of education and occupation, and I discuss some of the factors responsible for the complexity of the handling of testimony at the Society. I argue against Shapin that in the case of reports of extraordinary phenomena, the competence of the reporter and witnesses was often more important than their social status. The increasing role of expertise in the assessment of observations at the Society become especially apparent by the middle of the eighteenth century.Author Keywords: Authentication; Competence; Monstrous births; Singular; Testimony; Royal Society of London. (shrink)

Objectives Older adults are considered one of the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19. However, previous studies on emotion and aging have found that older adults report better well-being than younger adults in global survey and daily report. To better understand older adults’ well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak, we examined age differences in daily affective experiences in this study. Method Two hundred and thirty-one participants from mainland China aged 18 to 85 were recruited to participate in the 14-day daily diary study, (...) after a pretest. Their trait affect and demographic information were measured in the pretest. Their daily affect and stress levels were measured in the daily assessments. Results We found that older adults reported lower perceived stress related to COVID-19 in daily life, compared to younger adults. The negative relationship between daily perceived stress and high arousal positive affect and the positive relationship between daily perceived stress and high arousal negative affect was weaker in older than younger adults. Discussion These results provide initial evidence of daily affective well-being across different age groups in adulthood during the COVID-19 outbreak. Such information is important for developing interventions to promote better well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak. (shrink)

In this paper I study the variants of the notion of completeness Husserl pre-sented in “Ideen I” and two lectures he gave in Göttingen in 1901. Introduced primarily in connection with the problem of imaginary numbers, this notion found eventually a place in the answer Husserl provided for the philosophically more im-portant problem of the logico-epistemological foundation of formal knowledge in sci-ence. I also try to explain why Husserl said that there was an evident correlation between his and Hilbert’s notion (...) of completeness introduced in connection with the axiomatisation of geometry and the theory of real numbers when, as many commen-tators have already observed, these two notions are independent. I show in this paper that if a system of axioms is complete in Husserl’s sense, then its formal domain, the manifold of formal objects it determines, does not admit any extension. This is precisely the idea behind Hilbert’s notion of completeness in question. Therefore, the correlation Husserl noted indeed exists. But, in order to see it, we must consider the formal domain determined by a formal theory, not its models. (shrink)

Capítulo de livro publicado em "Uma introdução à filosofia do direito" Itamar Luís Gelain (Org.) .- Ijuí: Ed. Unijuí, 2015. - 368 p. - (Coleção direito, política e cidadania; 37). . ISBN 978-85-419-0 I 75-8.

O texto que se segue busca apresentar algumas facetas da discussão sobre a origem da linguagem em Rousseau, Fichte e Nietzsche com vistas a destacar elementos comuns aos três autores, sobretudo ao tomarem o ponto de vista histórico como estratégia de recusa de toda fundamentação metafísica da palavra. The following text presents some features of the discussion about the origin of language by Rousseau, Fichte and Nietzsche trying to enhance common elements between the three authors, especially by taking the historical (...) point of view as a strategy of refusal of any metaphysical origin of the word. (shrink)

In view of the present state of development of non classical logic, especially of paraconsistent logic, a new stand regarding the relations between logic and ontology is defended In a parody of a dictum of Quine, my stand May be summarized as follows. To be is to be the value of a variable a specific language with a given underlying logic Yet my stand differs from Quine’s, because, among other reasons, I accept some first order heterodox logics as genuine alternatives (...) to classical logic I also discuss some questions of non classical logic to substantiate my argument, and suggest that may position complements and extends some ideas advanced by L Apostel. (shrink)

Neurath’s approach to the problem of the unity of science is different from conceptions we may call traditional, to know, those that consider that what unites in one single concept the diverse sciences is the adoption of a method, or those that defend that this is carried through by certain characteristics which can be found in the body of knowledge considered scientific. Neurath’s stance also diverges from the standpoint that there is no unifying factor for science, that is, the view (...) that the different sciences are only classified under such concept because of the historical origin of such activities. Neurath’s proposal is to consider science as an attitude, a posture in relation to the problems of the world, the scientific world-conception. This text presents such approach in connection to the aspect of social transformation that can be found in Neurath’s thought. This is done following a comprehension of the ideas of the Vienna Circle, seeking to understand a continuity among the ideas of the members of such group, especially Neurath and Carnap. The present text aims, as well, at recovering the Neurathian idea that we can use a philosophical approach to science to struggle against the problems of the world. (shrink)

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa sobre o magistério da Filosofia, no Ensino Médio, em Uberlândia. Revela metodologias espontaneístas e conteudistas, no bojo das concepções aqui denominadas de "romântica", "enciclopédica" e "crítica''. Palavras-chave: Educação no ensino médio; Filosofia; Uberlândia. Abstract: This article is product of a research about the teaching of Philosophy, at high school, in Uberlândia. lt tries to show some methodologies, associated to conceptions called here "romantic", "encyclopaedic" and "critic". Keywords: teaching at high school; Philosophy; Uberlândia.

A maneira como o movimento kierkegaardiano coloca a subjetividade como verdade se opõe à sistematização da massa e traz a questão de uma visão valorativa da poética como possibilidade de uma ética. A questão que permeia essa ética é o que é o real, este não pode ser mais simplesmente o idealismo racional, mas uma realidade poética histórica da subjetividade que faz possível ver que o homem exercer a liberdade da escolha como auto-construção de si. O homem encontra uma incapacidade (...) perante as exigências absolutas e ao se assumir sua subjetividade como verdade acaba precisando passar por um processo de dessubjetivação, de trazer a tona o que está escondido e não-dito por meio da poética. Kierkegaard é um poeta da religião e por sua vez tentará mostrar como a superar a estética através da ética da subjetividade. (shrink)

Traz uma contribuição nova para a compreensão do espaço geográfico em sua essência, com todos os seus conflitos, contradições e mediações que se articulam num processo interminável. Questiona os pesquisadores que têm trabalhado o assunto, percorrendo temas como a não-espacialidade do espaço e da natureza, a ingerência da renda da terra na questão agrária, entre outros.Indicado para geógrafos e sociólogos interessados na natureza social da geografia.

Os tempos contemporâneos evidenciamu ma a s s i n c r o n i a e n t r e a s c u l t u r a spart i cul ares e a nova const i t ui ção deestado global que se instaurou com as oci edade do conheci ment o. Quant omai or a e xpans ão de pos s i bi l i dade stécnico-científicas, menor a influênciaque as concepções morais dos gruposparticulares desempenham no (...) cenáriog l o b a l . To da s a s i nt ui ç õ e s na t ur a i sdo homo f aber são afetadas pel o fazertecnológico que responde muito maisrápida e satisfatoriamente aos anseiose necessi dades dos i ndi ví duos, t ant obi ol ógi c a quant o s oc i al ment e. Des t emodo, a atenção ao fator tecnol ógi coparece suplantar mandamentos moraisque desde outros tempos guiavam a açãoe a convivência social das pessoasContemporary ages showed an asynchronybe t we e n par t i c ul ar c ul t ur e s and t henew constitution of the global state thathas t aken pl ace wi t hi n t he soci et y ofknowledge. The more is the expansion oftechnical and scientific possibilities theless is the influence that moral conceptionsof particular groups play in the globalscene. All natural intuitions of homo faberare affected by technological making thatanswers most rapidly and satisfactorily tothe desires and needs of individuals, bothbiologically and sociologically. Thus, theattention to the technological feature seemsto supplant the moral commandments thatsince ancient times oriented the action andthe social life of persons. (shrink)

We use Padoa's principle of independence of primitive symbols in axiomatic systems in order to show that time is dispensable in continuum thermodynamics, according to the axiomatic formulation of Gurtin and Williams. We also show how to define time by means of the remaining primitive concepts of Gurtin and Williams system. Finally, we introduce thermodynamics without time as a primitive concept.

"Interplanetary travel is very tempting and exciting because the sky is filled with unlimited globes of varying qualities. the desire to travel to other planets can be fulfilled by the process of yoga, which serves as a means by which one can transfer oneself to whatever planet one likes - possibly to planets where life is not only eternal and blissful but where there are multiple varieties of enjoyable energies. Anyone who can attain the freedom of the spiritual planets need (...) never return to this miserable land of birth, old age, disease and death." --Back cover. (shrink)

Study of Bhakti (devotion) in Bhagavadgītā, Hindu philosophical classic.

در اين كتاب، جدالي سهمگين و در عين حال جذاب و بي مصالحه و سازش بين انسان "ميرا" و خداي "ناميرا" در ميگيرد. گفتگو ها و پرسش ها و پاسخ ها، آنچنان پربار و تجسم انگيزست كه خواننده بي قرارانه در انتظار پايان محاكمه ، فصل هاي كتاب را ميخواند و حضور خود را در جمع فرزانگان و جدال نويسنده و خدا احساس ميكند. ketab - sherkat ketab - شرکت کتاب - ketab.com - ketab corp.

This paper explores the shift in the position of the Catholic Church regarding religious freedom, in the context of the changing perspective on the relationship between Church and State. The Declaration Dignitatis humanae of Vatican II recognised religious freedom as a human right deriving from the dignity of the person. It reflected a significant change in perspective as it understood religious freedom as abidance by convictions held in conscience and as freedom from coercion. Both the State and the Church are (...) expected to ensure freedom from external coercion and from psychological pressure. The process which led to the recognition of religious freedom in the Catholic Church went along with the acknowledgement of the autonomy of the State in secular matters. The State is expected to recognise the freedom to profess freely religious beliefs and the right to free worship, but religious freedom may not interfere with secular authority in its own sphere of competence. Dignitatis humanae is therefore known as the declaration of the separation between Church and State. Yet, a more attentive lecture shows that it actually also advances a balanced model for the collaboration between State and Church in the shared concern for the common good. Both are required to act in a manner that advances the common welfare of society. (shrink)

O ensaio teórico-reflexivo tem como objeto de discussão uma reflexão sobre a relação entre a alfabetização de jovens e adultos e o sentido da educação emancipatória a partir dos postulados de Paulo Freire, educador brasileiro que trouxe uma nova visão de educação, caracterizada como revolucionária. Uma análise das políticas públicas de EJA, com destaque para a alfabetização de adultos na década de 1990 até os dias atuais, é apresentada com o objetivo de compreender como a descontinuidade e fragilidade de tais (...) políticas têm sido um entrave para o desenvolvimento de projetos educativos de escolarização inicial e continuada, cúmplices do compromisso da formação e emancipação dos sujeitos. Destaca-se no texto o significado de emancipação em Freire como humanização do oprimido e superação dos seus condicionamentos históricos. Apresenta a educação de jovens e adultos pautada no diálogo e problematização como um ato político, agente de conscientização e potencializadora da emancipação do ser. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The presence of truth and honesty is a permanent demand, and becomes vital the more committed and intimate a relationship is. Medical practice is relevant to this discussion when one questions whether or not a physician should always tell their patient the truth in the face of a progressive or potentially fatal disease, regarding the diagnosis, outcome, therapy and evolution of the specific disease. From this discussion we aim, with the present report, to look at the truth applicable to (...) the patient‐physician relationship, and its ethical and moral implications; and also to look at where the Brazilian Code of Medical Ethics (BCME) and the medical literature stand regarding this issue. One concludes that there are only two moments not to tell a patient the truth: when the patient does not want to be informed, and when the truth could be iatrogenic. The question now is, when would the truth be iatrogenic? Physicians, in our opinion, would not be able to judge solitarily when the truth might be deleterious to their patient. Alternatively, we propose the appointment of a multidisciplinary commission to help the doctor with such a decision. (shrink)

This article presents the contributions of Paulo Freire to think about children's education. It breaks with a certain understanding that Freire would have been concerned only with the education of young people and adults. It is an essay that discusses the concept of child and childhood in Freire and the proposition of a pedagogy forged with children, a “girl” pedagogy.

Research on how to understand legally recognized socio-economic rights produced many insights into the nature of rights. Legally recognized rights to health and, by extension, health care could contribute to health justice. Yet a tension remains between widespread international and transnational constitutional recognition of rights to health and health care and compelling normative conditions for rights recognition from both philosophers seeking to identify the scope and structure of the rights and policy scholars seeking to understand how to practically realize such (...) rights. This work identifies an overlooked source of these difficulties: the right to health care and other health rights are necessarily ‘complex’, consisting of multiple related, but irreducible, morally valuable components. ‘Complex rights’ do not fit the traditional structure of human rights, so legal recognition of same can appear confused from a philosophical perspective, but there is ample reason to admit complex rights into our moral ontology and doing so can help bridge the divide between global health practices and ongoing work in the philosophy of rights and public policy. Recognition of complex rights admittedly shifts the burden for justifying health rights, but it does so in a way that is instructive for general philosophical analysis of socio-economic rights. (shrink)

Utopias are embedded in contexts from which they derive meaning and significance. As a vehicle for speculation, intervention, and creativity, narrative utopia reflects the circumstances of its times, including its culture's relationship to the past. This article offers a survey of ways in which utopias engage with the problematics of historical memory both by looking to the past in the “real” world or in a mythical world and by positing fictional peoples with their own historical memory/ies, as instanced in legends, (...) libraries, works of art, and so on. The erasure or falsification of memory, on the other hand, appears as an important leitmotif of the dystopian imagination. By pointing out a variety of examples and issues, the article will attempt to bridge the existing gap between utopian studies and cultural memory studies. (shrink)

After the Covid-19 vaccination started, social media users created an enormous amount of content on the vaccines. Especially in the early stages of vaccination, people searched and watched YouTube videos sharing personal experiences after getting the vaccines (i.e., vaccine review videos), usually titled “I got the COVID-19 vaccine.” Few studies have examined the characteristics and impacts of vaccine review videos on viewers’ responses (e.g., likes, dislikes, comments). This study investigates the content of, and reactions to, the most-viewed Covid-19 vaccine review (...) videos on YouTube, based on the social communication framework. A quantitative content analysis of 148 vaccine review videos revealed their unique characteristics, including source expertise, message valence, narration, and topics. Most of the videos had a positive tone, with some urging vaccination and showing pro-vaccine attitudes. Furthermore, source expertise and hybrid message types (messages conveyed in narrative and informative ways) were not significantly related to positive responses. Rather, non-expert videos received more positive responses. The findings concern the public opinions surrounding new vaccines, including related concerns and attitudes. Given the positive tone of the content, vaccine review content made by diverse groups can be encouraged by public health institutions regardless of the creators’ expertise. (shrink)