Traditionally, from Aristotle to Hegel, has been considered as valuable the following sequence: Thought → Word → Writing. In this essay I claim that the right order of the sequence is utterly the opposite: oral language does not come first, gesture does; writing is independent from language both because gesture comes first and because writing, differently from language, can record; finally the capacity of recording and of communicating is typical of the soul seen as a tabula.

Traditionally, from Aristotle to Hegel, has been considered as valuable the following sequence: Thought  Word  Writing. In this essay I claim that the right order of the sequence is utterly the opposite: (i) oral language does not come first, gesture does; (ii) writing is independent from language both because gesture comes first and because writing, differently from language, can record; finally (iii) the capacity of recording and of communicating is typical of the soul seen as a tabula.

L’articolo prende in considerazione il peso crescente che gli schermi dei nostri dispositivi di comunicazione di informazioni ed elaborazione di dati stanno acquisendo in quanto “schermi di scrittura”. Tali schermi costituiscono un pericolo per l’esperienza individuale e collettiva, in quanto ridisegnano profondamente i tempi e i ritmi delle attività umane, in primo luogo il lavoro, che diventa una forma di vita che non smette mai di accompagnare le nostre esistenze. Fedele all’idea derridiana di pharmakon, l’autore propone di interpretare dall’interno (...) il concetto stesso di “schermo di scrittura”, nel tentativo di elaborare una nuova “ermeneutica” degli schermi, capace di restituire un senso condiviso e la possibilità di un’esperienza attraverso i nuovi dispositivi e media interattivi. (shrink)

Poiché nelle Leggi esistono dei passi un cui Platone mostra di apprezzare l'utilità della scrittura, alcuni studiosi hanno pensato che vi sia una certa contraddizione con i noti luoghi del Fedro e della VII Lettera dove Platone privilegia in modo assai netto il discorso orale. In realtà si tratta di una contraddizione solo apparente. Il contrasto oralità/scrittura rappresenta infatti in Platone il contrasto tra un discorso aperto, variabile - dunque funzionale allo scopo di persuadere - e un discorso (...) fisso, rigido, che ripete sempre le stesse cose senza preoccuparsi di convincere chi lo riceve. Ora, tale contrasto appare anche nelle Leggi, e precisamente nel rapporto che esiste tra il proemio alla legge e la legge vera e propria. Il proemio ha infatti lo scopo di promuovere la persuasione, e Platone fa ben capire che si tratta del momento decisivo, perché la legge scritta, se non è preceduta da convinzioni consolidate, ha ben poca utilità e valore. (shrink)

A specific interest and attention to translation and to the relation between signs, natural languages, and thought spread out not only from the so called “linguistic turn” in the 20th century, but also from the cross-cultural dimension that gained prominency in the last decades. Interlinguistic translation can thus be considered and analyzed as a particular and fruitful field of study for philosophy, because in that experience we have to face the intimate relationship that intertwine form and content, the contingency of (...) expression and the ideal aspiration to a shared, universal truth. The case of Chinese language and thought provide further material to explore, in order to raise more questions about the links among grammar, morphology, system of writing, and the meanings that those structures intrinsecally brings and convey. Re-considering Hegel’s ideas about alphabetical and non-alphabetical writing, and through a peculiar case study of a poem by Wang Wei, we can learn to appreciate in a new way the alterity of Chinese characters and language. Finally, the act of translation can be seen as a model of ethical understanding, in order take into account the Other, without enclosing it into the frames that have been shaped with our own categories. (shrink)

L’intreccio tra parole e immagini è una proficua chiave di lettura per leggere la storia della cultura e riallacciare i nessi tra la tradizione e la contemporaneità; più in particolare l’ékphrasis – la descrizione delle immagini – ha svolto un ruolo centrale nell’antichità e oggi è una questione di primaria importanza per comprendere i rapporti tra letteratura e cultura visuale: questo è il presupposto fondamentale da cui parte l’analisi che Michele Cometa conduce nel suo ultimo saggio, La sc...

Deleuze’s interpretation of Nietzsche, the function of biological dialectic and the symbolic value of sign and writing in “Also sprach Zarathustra”. Sexual difference and Derridian interpretation of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra.

[ita] Henri de Lubac, che ha dedicato alla Sacra Scrittura la poderosa “ Esegesi medioevale”, ho sottolineato l'importanza della costituzione conciliare “Dei Verbum” che recupera l'idea originaria della Rivelazione come rivelazione non di tanti “articoli di fede”, atomicamente concepiti, ma dell'unica Persona del Verbo incarnato. Per cui credere non è aderire a tante verità frammentate, ma aderire alla Presenza di Cristo, il Verbo fattosi carne. [en] Henri de Lubac, who dedicated the "Medieval exegesis" to sacred writing, underlined the importance (...) of the conciliatory constitution "Dei Verbum", which rediscovers the original idea of revelation as revelation not of several "articles of faith", atomically conceived, but of the living Person of the Incarnate Verb. Believing does not mean adhering to many fragmented truths, but in the presence of Christ. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Scrivere nell'anima: verità, dialettica e persuasione in Platone; and: Oralità e scrittura in PlatoneFrancisco J. GonzalezFranco Trabattoni. Scrivere nell'anima: verità, dialettica e persuasione in Platone. Firenze: La Nouva Italia Editrice, 1994. Pp. 396. Paper, 24000 Lire.Franco Trabattoni. Oralità e scrittura in Platone. Milano: Università Degli Studi di Milano, 1999. Pp. 125. Paper, 16000 Lire.Trabattoni's masterful 1994 book, which the shorter 1999 book supplements in important ways, (...) offers nothing less than a refreshingly new and provocative interpretation of Plato's philosophy as a whole that makes it neither "conclusive-dogmatic" nor "problematic-sceptical" (7, 41-47, 161, 361-3). For Plato, on Trabattoni's account, while objective truth exists, any logos is incapable of fully expressing it and therefore refutable (158). On the other hand, dialectic can arrive at a logos sufficient (hikanos) for persuading a particular interlocutor in the context of a particular discussion (119-120), and thus for ethical and political action (330). Truth is therefore to be found onlyin dialogue (75-6, 338): that is, only where one person persuades another (249, 252, 328-9; 1999, 75). Persuasion and homologia are thus a necessary, though not sufficient condition of truth: only when capable of responding repeatedly to a wide variety of questions and objections does a persuasion deserve to be called "true" (158-9, 252, 329). This view rejects both the sophistical identification of truth with persuasion as such and the dogmatic identification of truth with universal doctrines.Because persuasion and homologia are thus essential to it, philosophy cannot be an objective science but must always be at its core a form of rhetoric (239, and thus protreptic and ad hominem, 165-6, 355, 359), which is what Trabattoni takes the Phaedrus to show (48-99). In 1999 Trabattoni brilliantly demonstrated the unity of the Phaedrus by showing how both the discussion of eros and the critique of writing are closely linked to this conception of philosophy as rhetoric (54-93). Philosophy is not, however, the kind of rhetoric that, focused on words rather than truth, fails to persuade in a way that is stable and enduring (87; 1999, 75-6).In the course of defending his "dialectical-dialogical" interpretation, Trabattoni provides an extraordinarily thorough and insightful critique of another interpretation that claims to offer a new Plato and that has become very influential in Trabattoni's native Italy: the "esotericist" interpretation, according to which fundamental questions left open by the dialogues are answered by a doctrine of principles which Plato communicated only orally. Trabattoni's 1999 book provides a very helpful account of the history and motives of the debate surrounding Plato's unwritten teachings, with regard to both their content and their significance (1-42). I see the following points of Trabattoni's critique as seriously challenging and, if unanswered, even discrediting the esotericist position: [End Page 269]1) While the esotericists interpret the critique of writing in the Phaedrus as arguing for the superiority of oral discourse as such, Trabattoni interprets it as arguing instead for the superiority of the dialogical situation in which interlocutors can be chosen and their questions and objections addressed (19-26; 1999, 83). Fixed oral doctrines would be no more dialogical than written doctrines and thus no more capable of engendering knowledge "in the soul" (63), much less of constituting this knowledge (25). What would be superior to Plato's writings, according to the Phaedrus, is a dialogue with Plato, not what Plato said orally, lifted out of its dialogical context and reported in writing by Aristotle (115; 1999, 84-5, 124). Trabattoni interprets the Seventh Letter, in his complementary accounts of 1994 and 1999, as similarly contradicting, rather than confirming, the esotericist interpretation (210-11; 1999, 116-9).2) Thomas Szlezàk has interpreted those passages where the main interlocutor deliberately leaves something out of the discussion ("Aussparungstellen") as referring to unwritten doctrines. Trabattoni argues that they are instead meant to indicate to the unknown reader, whose possible objections and questions cannot be anticipated, the possibility of proceeding further in the discussion (112-3, 182; 1999, 124). "[W]hen the dialogues are silent, they are silent always where there no... (shrink)

This article intends to highlight the idea of revelation that Clement expresses throughout his work. Drawing both from Greek philosophical culture and biblical thought, Clement shows how supernatural revelation, on the level of both faith and gnosis, corresponds to select ‘places’ of Scripture and the Church’s Tradition, culminating in the embodiment of gnosis by men who have reached the highest degree of knowledge and holiness of life. A comparison with the theme of revelation in Gnostic texts sheds more light on (...) the peculiarities of Clementine thought. (shrink)