Results for 'Robert Hadley'

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  1.  7
    Second look at first things: a case for conservative politics: the Hadley Arkes festschrift.Hadley Arkes, Francis Beckwith, Robert P. George & Susan Jane McWilliams (eds.) - 2013 - South Bend, Indiana: St. Augustine's Press.
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  2.  79
    Systematicity in connectionist language learning.Robert F. Hadley - 1994 - Mind and Language 9 (3):247-72.
  3. The 'explicit-implicit' distinction.Robert F. Hadley - 1995 - Minds and Machines 5 (2):219-42.
    Much of traditional AI exemplifies the explicit representation paradigm, and during the late 1980''s a heated debate arose between the classical and connectionist camps as to whether beliefs and rules receive an explicit or implicit representation in human cognition. In a recent paper, Kirsh (1990) questions the coherence of the fundamental distinction underlying this debate. He argues that our basic intuitions concerning explicit and implicit representations are not only confused but inconsistent. Ultimately, Kirsh proposes a new formulation of the distinction, (...)
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  4.  22
    Systematicity Revisited: Reply to Christiansen and Chater and Niklasson and van Gelder.Robert F. Hadley - 1994 - Mind and Language 9 (4):431-444.
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  5.  27
    A Default‐Oriented Theory of Procedural Semantics.Robert F. Hadley - 1989 - Cognitive Science 13 (1):107-137.
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  6.  48
    Systematicity revisited.Robert F. Hadley - 1994 - Mind and Language 9 (4):431-44.
  7.  88
    Strong semantic systematicity from Hebbian connectionist learning.Robert F. Hadley & M. B. Hayward - 1997 - Minds and Machines 7 (1):1-55.
    Fodor's and Pylyshyn's stand on systematicity in thought and language has been debated and criticized. Van Gelder and Niklasson, among others, have argued that Fodor and Pylyshyn offer no precise definition of systematicity. However, our concern here is with a learning based formulation of that concept. In particular, Hadley has proposed that a network exhibits strong semantic systematicity when, as a result of training, it can assign appropriate meaning representations to novel sentences (both simple and embedded) which contain words (...)
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  8.  74
    Cognition, systematicity, and nomic necessity.Robert F. Hadley - 1997 - Mind and Language 12 (2):137-53.
    In their provocative 1988 paper, Fodor and Pylyshyn issued a formidable challenge to connectionists, i.e. to provide a non‐classical explanation of the empirical phenomenon of systematicity in cognitive agents. Since the appearance of F&P's challenge, a number of connectionist systems have emerged which prima facie meet this challenge. However, Fodor and McLaughlin (1990) advance an argument, based upon a general principle of nomological necessity, to show that one of these systems (Smolensky's) could not satisfy the Fodor‐Pylyshyn challenge. Yet, if Fodor (...)
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  9.  32
    Cognition, Systematicity and Nomic Necessity.Robert F. Hadley - 1997 - Mind and Language 12 (2):137-153.
    In their provocative 1988 paper, Fodor and Pylyshyn issued a formidable challenge to connectionists, i.e. to provide a non‐classical explanation of the empirical phenomenon of systematicity in cognitive agents. Since the appearance of F&P's challenge, a number of connectionist systems have emerged which prima facie meet this challenge. However, Fodor and McLaughlin (1990) advance an argument, based upon a general principle of nomological necessity, to show that one of these systems (Smolensky's) could not satisfy the Fodor‐Pylyshyn challenge. Yet, if Fodor (...)
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  10.  14
    Strong Semantic Systematicity from Hebbian Connectionist Learning.Robert Hadley & Michael Hayward - 1997 - Minds and Machines 7 (1):1-37.
    Fodor's and Pylyshyn's stand on systematicity in thought and language has been debated and criticized. Van Gelder and Niklasson, among others, have argued that Fodor and Pylyshyn offer no precise definition of systematicity. However, our concern here is with a learning based formulation of that concept. In particular, Hadley has proposed that a network exhibits strong semantic systematicity when, as a result of training, it can assign appropriate meaning representations to novel sentences (both simple and embedded) which contain words (...)
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  11.  67
    Connectionism, explicit rules, and symbolic manipulation.Robert F. Hadley - 1993 - Minds and Machines 3 (2):183-200.
    At present, the prevailing Connectionist methodology forrepresenting rules is toimplicitly embody rules in neurally-wired networks. That is, the methodology adopts the stance that rules must either be hard-wired or trained into neural structures, rather than represented via explicit symbolic structures. Even recent attempts to implementproduction systems within connectionist networks have assumed that condition-action rules (or rule schema) are to be embodied in thestructure of individual networks. Such networks must be grown or trained over a significant span of time. However, arguments (...)
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  12. On the proper treatment of semantic systematicity.Robert F. Hadley - 2004 - Minds and Machines 14 (2):145-172.
    The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a novel stance on semantic representation, and its relationship to context sensitivity. Connectionist-minded philosophers, including Clark and van Gelder, have espoused the merits of viewing hidden-layer, context-sensitive representations as possessing semantic content, where this content is partially revealed via the representations'' position in vector space. In recent work, Bodén and Niklasson have incorporated a variant of this view of semantics within their conception of semantic systematicity. Moreover, Bodén and Niklasson contend that they (...)
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  13.  34
    A sense-based, process model of belief.Robert F. Hadley - 1991 - Minds and Machines 1 (3):279-320.
    A process-oriented model of belief is presented which permits the representation of nested propositional attitudes within first-order logic. The model (NIM, for nested intensional model) is axiomatized, sense-based (via intensions), and sanctions inferences involving nested epistemic attitudes, with different agents and different times. Because NIM is grounded upon senses, it provides a framework in which agents may reason about the beliefs of another agent while remaining neutral with respect to the syntactic forms used to express the latter agent's beliefs. Moreover, (...)
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  14. Connectionism, rule-following, and symbolic manipulation.Robert F. Hadley - 1990 - Proc AAAI 3 (2):183-200.
  15.  7
    Explaining Systematicity: A Reply to Kenneth Aizawa.Robert F. Hadley - 1997 - Minds and Machines 7 (4):571-579.
    In his discussion of results which I (with Michael Hayward) recently reported in this journal, Kenneth Aizawa takes issue with two of our conclusions, which are: (a) that our connectionist model provides a basis for explaining systematicity “within the realm of sentence comprehension, and subject to a limited range of syntax” (b) that the model does not employ structure-sensitive processing, and that this is clearly true in the early stages of the network's training. Ultimately, Aizawa rejects both (a) and (b) (...)
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  16.  28
    Godel, Lucas, and mechanical models of mind.Robert F. Hadley - 1987 - Computational Intelligence 3:57-63.
  17.  72
    The many uses of 'belief' in AI.Robert F. Hadley - 1991 - Minds and Machines 1 (1):55-74.
    Within AI and the cognitively related disciplines, there exist a multiplicity of uses of belief. On the face of it, these differing uses reflect differing views about the nature of an objective phenomenon called belief. In this paper I distinguish six distinct ways in which belief is used in AI. I shall argue that not all these uses reflect a difference of opinion about an objective feature of reality. Rather, in some cases, the differing uses reflect differing concerns with special (...)
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  18. Consistency, Turing Computability and Gödel’s First Incompleteness Theorem.Robert F. Hadley - 2008 - Minds and Machines 18 (1):1-15.
    It is well understood and appreciated that Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems apply to sufficiently strong, formal deductive systems. In particular, the theorems apply to systems which are adequate for conventional number theory. Less well known is that there exist algorithms which can be applied to such a system to generate a gödel-sentence for that system. Although the generation of a sentence is not equivalent to proving its truth, the present paper argues that the existence of these algorithms, when conjoined with Gödel’s (...)
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  19.  34
    Neural circuits, matrices, and conjunctive binding.Robert F. Hadley - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (1):80-80.
    It is argued that van der Velde and de Kamps employ binding circuitry that effectively constitutes a form of conjunctive binding. Analogies with prior systems are discussed and hypothetical origins of binding circuitry are examined for credibility.
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  20.  60
    Possibility, Necessity, and Logical Truth.Robert F. Hadley - 1978 - Analysis 38 (4):182 - 186.
    An earlier article by the author, "quine and strawson on logical theory" ("analysis" volume 34, pages 207-208), is expanded and defended against criticisms made by charles sayward in "the province of logic" ("analysis" volume 36, pages 47-48). it is shown that quine's definition of logical truth presupposes an understanding of "possibility," even if the term 'sentence' is used set-theoretically, and that if quine is allowed the concept of "possibility," then strawson must be allowed modal concepts for his purposes. the traditional (...)
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  21. Possibility, necessity, and logical truth.Robert F. Hadley - 1978 - Analysis 38 (4):182.
     
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  22.  76
    Quine and Strawson on Logical Theory.Robert F. Hadley - 1974 - Analysis 34 (6):207 - 208.
  23. Quine and Strawson on logical theory.Robert F. Hadley - 1974 - Analysis 34 (6):207.
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  24. Truth conditions and procedural semantics.Robert F. Hadley - 1990 - In Philip P. Hanson (ed.), Information, Language and Cognition. University of British Columbia Press.
  25.  25
    The essential role of consciousness in mathematical cognition.Robert Hadley - 2010 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 17 (1-2):1-2.
    In his most comprehensive book on the subject , Roger Penrose provides arguments to demonstrate that there are aspects of human understanding which could not, in principle, be attained by any purely computational system. His central argument relies crucially on oft-cited theorems proven by Gödel and Turing. However, that key argument has been the subject of numerous trenchant critiques, which is unfortunate if one believes Penrose's conclusions to be plausible. In the present article, alternative arguments are offered in support of (...)
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  26. Zenon Pylyshyn, ed., The Robot's Dilemma: The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence Reviewed by.Robert Hadley - 1988 - Philosophy in Review 8 (1):33-36.
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  27.  56
    Two apparent 'counterexamples' to Marcus: A closer look. [REVIEW]Marius Vilcu & Robert F. Hadley - 2005 - Minds and Machines 15 (3-4):359-382.
    Marcus et al.’s experiment (1999) concerning infant ability to distinguish between differing syntactic structures has prompted connectionists to strive to show that certain types of neural networks can mimic the infants’ results. In this paper we take a closer look at two such attempts: Shultz and Bale [Shultz, T.R. and Bale, A.C. (2001), Infancy 2, pp. 501–536] Altmann and Dienes [Altmann, G.T.M. and Dienes, Z. (1999) Science 248, p. 875a]. We were not only interested in how well these two models (...)
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  28.  62
    Connectionism and novel combinations of skills: Implications for cognitive architecture. [REVIEW]Robert F. Hadley - 1999 - Minds and Machines 9 (2):197-221.
    In the late 1980s, there were many who heralded the emergence of connectionism as a new paradigm – one which would eventually displace the classically symbolic methods then dominant in AI and Cognitive Science. At present, there remain influential connectionists who continue to defend connectionism as a more realistic paradigm for modeling cognition, at all levels of abstraction, than the classical methods of AI. Not infrequently, one encounters arguments along these lines: given what we know about neurophysiology, it is just (...)
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  29.  93
    Explaining systematicity: A reply to Kenneth Aizawa. [REVIEW]Robert F. Hadley - 1997 - Minds and Machines 12 (4):571-79.
    In his discussion of results which I (with Michael Hayward) recently reported in this journal, Kenneth Aizawa takes issue with two of our conclusions, which are: (a) that our connectionist model provides a basis for explaining systematicity within the realm of sentence comprehension, and subject to a limited range of syntax (b) that the model does not employ structure-sensitive processing, and that this is clearly true in the early stages of the network''s training. Ultimately, Aizawa rejects both (a) and (b) (...)
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  30.  14
    Leo Strauss, the Straussians, and the Study of the American Regime.Kenneth L. Deutsch, John A. Murley, George Anastaplo, Hadley Arkes, Larry Arnhart, Laurence Berns With Eva Brann, Mark Blitz, Aryeh Botwinick, Christopher A. Colmo, Joseph Cropsey, Kenneth Deutsch, Murray Dry, Robert Eden, Miriam Galston, William A. Galston, Gary D. Glenn, Harry Jaffa, Charles Kesler, Carnes Lord, John A. Marini, Eugene Miller, Will Morrisey, John Murley, Walter Nicgorski, Susan Orr, Ralph Rossum, Gary J. Schmitt, Abram Shulsky, Gregory Bruce Smith, Ronald Terchek & Michael Zuckert - 1999 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Responding to volatile criticisms frequently leveled at Leo Strauss and those he influenced, the prominent contributors to this volume demonstrate the profound influence that Strauss and his students have exerted on American liberal democracy and contemporary political thought. By stressing the enduring vitality of classic books and by articulating the theoretical and practical flaws of relativism and historicism, the contributors argue that Strauss and the Straussians have identified fundamental crises of modernity and liberal democracy.
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  31.  60
    Excluding Destruction.John Hadley - 2005 - Philosophy in the Contemporary World 12 (2):22-29.
    In this paper I argue that the potentially environmentally destructive scope of a libertarian property rights regime can be narrowed by applying reasonable limits to those rights. I will claim that excluding the right to destroy from the libertarian property rights bundle is consistent with self-ownership and Robert Nozick’s interpretation of the Lockean proviso.
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  32. Natural law theory: contemporary essays.Robert P. George (ed.) - 1992 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Natural law theory is enjoying a revival of interest in a variety of scholarly disciplines including law, philosophy, political science, and theology and religious studies. This volume presents twelve original essays by leading natural law theorists and their critics. The contributors discuss natural law theories of morality, law and legal reasoning, politics, and the rule of law. Readers get a clear sense of the wide diversity of viewpoints represented among contemporary theorists, and an opportunity to evaluate the arguments and counterarguments (...)
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  33.  60
    Was Aldo Leopold a Pragmatist? Rescuing Leopold from the Imagination of Bryan Norton.J. Baird Callicott, William Grove-Fanning, Jennifer Rowland, Daniel Baskind, Robert Heath French & Kerry Walker - 2009 - Environmental Values 18 (4):453 - 486.
    Aldo Leopold was a pragmatist in the vernacular sense of the word. Bryan G. Norton claims that Leopold was also heavily influenced by American Pragmatism, a formal school of philosophy. As evidence, Norton offers Leopold's misquotation of a definition of right (as truth) by political economist, A.T. Hadley, who was an admirer of the philosophy of William James. A search of Leopold's digitised literary remains reveals no other evidence that Leopold was directly influenced by any actual American Pragmatist or (...)
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  34.  61
    Reply to Norton, re: Aldo Leopold and Pragmatism.J. Baird Callicott, William Grove-Fanning, Jennifer Rowland, Daniel Baskind, Robert Heath French & Kerry Walker - 2011 - Environmental Values 20 (1):17 - 22.
    As a conservation policy advocate and practitioner, Leopold was a pragmatist (in the vernacular sense of the word). He was not, however, a member of the school of philosophy known as American Pragmatism, nor was his environmental philosophy informed by any members of that school. Leopold's environmental philosophy was radically non-anthropocentric; he was an intellectual revolutionary and aspired to transform social values and institutions.
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  35.  6
    Psychology, Humanism, and Scientific Inquiry: The Selected Essays of Hadley Cantril.Hadley Cantril - 1988 - Transaction Publishers.
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  36.  16
    Beyond the Constitution.Hadley Arkes - 1990 - Princeton University Press.
    Hadley Arkes argues that it is necessary to move "beyond the Constitution", to the principles that stood antecedent to the text, if we are to understand the text and apply the Constitution to the cases that arise every day in our law.
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  37. Gauging Public Opinion.Hadley Cantril - 1944 - Science and Society 8 (4):375-377.
  38.  28
    First Things: An Inquiry Into the First Principles of Morals and Justice.Hadley Arkes - 1986 - Princeton University Press.
    An Inquiry into the first principles of morals and justice: This book restores to us an understanding that was once settled in the 'moral sciences': that there are propositions, in morals and law, which are not only true but which cannot be ...
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  39. Cavendish vs. Descartes on mechanism and animal souls.Hadley Cooney - 2019 - In Steven Nadler, Tad M. Schmaltz & Delphine Antoine-Mahut (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
     
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  40.  38
    Animal Rights and Moral Philosophy - by Julian H. Franklin.John Hadley - 2007 - Philosophical Books 48 (2):187-188.
    Review of Julian H. Franklin, Animal Rights and Moral Philosophy (Columbia, 2005).
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  41.  20
    To Disclose or Not to Disclose: When Fear of Nocebo Effects Infringes Upon Autonomy.Hadley Bryan & Veljko Dubljević - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics 17 (6):50-52.
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  42.  32
    Spinoza on Learning to Live Together by Susan James.Hadley Marie Cooney - 2022 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 60 (2):347-348.
    For too long, Spinoza's ethics was misread as an ethics of ideals, in which the most virtuous life possible was said to consist of the life of pure reasoning. The "free man," Spinoza's paragon of virtue, was understood to be the individual who is neither helped nor harmed by anything external. The goal, on this view, was to transcend the life of the body, of the material, and of the political, in order to focus solely on becoming like God by (...)
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  43.  2
    Guaranteeing the Good Life: Medicine and the Return of Eugenics.Hadley Arkes - 1990 - William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
    "Dialogue" is one of American religion's shopworn terms. Although we hear much talk about dialogue, very little of it actually takes place. Religious discourse - especially about politics and public affairs - is increasingly polarized, involving much contestation but little conversation. If truth are to be tested, however, there is no substitute for dialogue.
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  44.  6
    In Celebration of Fr. Schall.Hadley Arkes - 2016 - Catholic Social Science Review 21:17-22.
    For James Schall, revelation becomes open to us, on the most important questions that revelation can address, when it is opened by people who “study politics,” as Samuel Johnson had it. For Plato, the best city, the best political order, was spun out in the world of speech. It is not a place we expect to inhabit. But Plato had Socrates say at the end of the Republic that, whether this City exists anywhere or not, it is the only city (...)
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  45.  38
    The “laws of reason” and the surprise of the natural law.Hadley Arkes - 2001 - Social Philosophy and Policy 18 (1):146-175.
    The city of Cincinnati, we know, can be an engaging place, but federal judge Arthur Spiegel also found, in the mid-'90s, that it could be quite a vexing place. The city council of Cincinnati had passed what was called the Human Rights Ordinance of 1992, which barred virtually all species of discriminationAppalachian origin.sexual orientation.minority status” in the law. The framers of the amendment objected to the tendency to treat gays and lesbians on the same plane as groups that have suffered (...)
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  46.  4
    The Philosopher in the City: The Moral Dimensions of Urban Politics.Hadley Arkes - 1981
    After reestablishing the connection between morality and the law, the author develops a coherent position on many of the most controversial issues of urban life: the political uses of the streets; verbal assaults and the defamation of racial groups; the legitimate restriction of public speech; segregation, busing, and the use of racial quotas; education, housing, and the problem of the ghetto"; prostitution, gambling, and the "regulation of vices." Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology (...)
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  47.  8
    The Other Side of the Self-Advocacy Coin: How For-Profit Companies Can Divert the Path to Justice in Rare Disease.Emily Bonkowski & Hadley Stevens Smith - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (7):88-91.
    Halley and colleagues highlight important aspects of advocacy and justice in rare disease and provide recommendations for stakeholders to encourage progress toward equity and justice. In the rare d...
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  48.  29
    Ethical relativity from the transactional point of view.Hadley Cantril - 1955 - Journal of Philosophy 52 (23):677-687.
  49.  3
    Book Review: Abortion in the New Europe: A Comparative Handbook. [REVIEW]Janet Hadley - 1996 - Feminist Review 54 (1):134-136.
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  50.  12
    Consistent use of proactive control and relation with academic achievement in childhood.Maki Kubota, Lauren V. Hadley, Simone Schaeffner, Tanja Könen, Julie-Anne Meaney, Bonnie Auyeung, Candice C. Morey, Julia Karbach & Nicolas Chevalier - 2020 - Cognition 203 (C):104329.
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