Gustavo Machado, pertenece a la generación de intelectuales que se nutrió fundamentalmente de la doctrina marxista e hizo de ella la herramienta para desarrollar la interpretación de nuestra realidad. Este estudio recoge referencias sobre su vida, analiza su postura antiimperialista y la defensa que hace de la democracia participativa. Además desarrolla su postura ante la educación, la iglesia y su concepción de la historia.

This text offers both a clear and thorough introduction to normative ethical theory and an extensive survey of moral issues that show how ethical theory is applied in practice. The first section presents a survey of the main methods of ethical reasoning, introducing four normative theories in four separate chapters. A case study introduces each chapter to provide a background for further explanations and to illustrate relevant features of the theory. The second section of the text presents separate chapters on (...) ten ethical issues-including such subjects as nuclear war, euthanasia, sexual ethics and capital punishment. (shrink)

En este comentario destaco algunas virtudes de la propuesta de Diana Pérez y Antoni Gomila en Social Cognition and the Second Person in Human Interaction y planteo dos preguntas. La primera es acerca del papel de las emociones básicas en las interacciones uno a uno a nivel grupal e intergrupal. La segunda se refiere a la influencia que tienen las posiciones de poder en las relaciones humanas y la forma en que éstas alteran o modifican la lectura de los estados (...) mentales. (shrink)

En su Teoría del Reconocimiento, Honneth plantea que es la interacción entre los seres humanos la que determina la constitución de estos, siendo el reconocimiento, el elemento fundamental para dicha constitución en tres esferas: el amor, el derecho y la solidaridad. Pellegrino identifica que la medicina es una empresa moral, construida sobre ciertas creencias de lo bueno y lo malo, y presenta una caracterización del acto médico constituida por tres elementos: el hecho de la enfermedad, el acto de profesión y (...) el acto de medicina. En este artículo se evaluará las implicancias éticas del acto médico, en el marco de la Teoría del Reconocimiento de Honneth y el modelo tripartito de la relación médico paciente propuesta por Pellegrino. (shrink)

De entrada, es importante resaltar dos aspectos fundamentales, a efectos de que me quedenentendibles estos supuestos que van a reglar el C.P.P. en el nuevo sistema acusatorio. Partamosde la base de que el nuevo sistema acusatorio deja intactos una serie de principios rectores que se consagran aún en todos los sistemas procesales anteriores, y que postulados como el de la DIGNIDAD HUMANA, LA COSA JUZGADA, EL JUEZ NATURAL, la DOBLE INSTANCIA, etc., que ustedes estudiaron en su cátedra de Procedimiento Pena, (...) los conserva intactos el nuevo Código de Procedimiento Penal. De ahí, que haré énfasis en aquellos que han de ser objeto de caracterización esencial en el nuevo sisten1a acusatorio de la Legislación Procesal Penal en Colombia. (shrink)

This is a topically organized introduction to the traditional problems of philosophy. It aims to introduce readers to traditional philosophical problems and to expose readers to philosophical argumentation in such a way that they will feel confident in handling abstract concepts.

Should Lesbian and women's events have policies banning sadomasochists or sadomasochistic acts? This question is being heatedly debated in the Lesbian community. In this paper, I examine the moral and political problems with sadomasochism from a Lesbian-feminist perspective, concluding that sadomasochism is antifeminist and antiliberatory for many reasons. Then, given this conclusion, I explore how events such as women's music festivals should determine their policies about sadomasochism.

The negotiations of the intergovernmental group known as the ‘IGWG’, undertaken by the Member States of the WHO, were the result of a deadlock in the World Health Assembly held in 2006 where the Member States of the WHO were unable to reach an agreement on what to do with the 60 recommendations in the report on ‘Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights submitted to the Assembly in the same year by a group of experts designated by the Director (...) General of the WHO. The result of these negotiations was the ‘Global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property’ which was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2008. The intention of the Global Strategy and Plan of Action (GSPOA) which was produced by the IGWG was to substantially reform the pharmaceuticals' research and development system in view of the findings that this system, whose purpose is to produce medicines for diseases which affect the greater part of the world population which lives in developing countries, had failed. The intellectual property rights imposed by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the recent trade agreements could become one of the main obstacles to access to medicines. The GSPOA makes a critical analysis of this reality, and opens the door to searching for new solutions to this problem. (shrink)

Optando por la retórica, Las Casas busca un modelo antropológico nuevo, distinto tanto del humanismo elitista, como del erasmismo voluntarista. En esta búsqueda quisiéramos poner énfasis, argumentando a favor de un resultado revolucionario a la luz de sus objetivos prácticos: cesar el homicidio y garantizar la libertad a los indios en cada aspecto de su vida. Desde aquí, nos referiremos a esta postura revolucionaria que bebe de Aristóteles y de santo Tomás, pero que es capaz de superarlos, a favor de (...) una defensa de lo propiamente humano, que estriba precisamente en reconocer que todas las comunidades tienen la posibilidad de realizarse autónomamente. Por esto, creemos que se puede hallar, en Bartolomé de las Casas, una importante contribución a la cuestión del reconocimiento, pero aún más, un importante punto de partida para los desafíos de una filosofía intercultural. (shrink)

Fazer a genealogia do poder nunca foi o propósito claro de Foucault. No entanto, a questão do poder foi tema recorrente em suas investigações a ponto de estudiosos do trabalho do filósofo sugerirem uma divisão e organização de seu trabalho a partir de três eixos teóricos. Dentro dessa perspectiva, a analítica do poder marcaria a trajetória filosófica de Foucault na década de 1970. De fato, até 1994, ano de publicação do conjunto de textos, entrevistas e conferências de Foucault no Dits (...) et écrits, a questão da analítica do poder era majoritariamente conhecida a partir de livros como Surveiller et punir e Histoire de la sexualité I: la volonté de savoir. Com o início da publicação dos cursos no Collège de France a partir de 1997 as interpretações a respeito da analítica do poder sofrem um alargamento. Mas é somente em 2015 que a totalidade dos cursos de Foucault no Collège de France foram publicados, abrindo um importante caminho para a investigação a respeito das primeiras reflexões a respeito do poder. No presente artigo procuramos mostrar como os primeiros passos da analítica do poder de Michel Foucault se dá a partir de um contexto gauchiste ainda configurado em termos de dinástica do saber. Nesse sentido, procuramos mostrar como o período da dinástica corresponde a um esboço teórico, tentativas primeiras de conceituação do poder, marcadamente desenvolvido em contraposição com o marxismo. Essa contraposição se dá sobretudo na recusa tanto do esquema marxista de infra-superestrutura, quanto do modelo contratualista de sociedade estatal. (shrink)

This paper explores the filmic trajectories experienced by the protagonists in two case studies: Lightning Over Water by Nicholas Ray and Wim Wenders, and Sick, The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist by Kirby Dick. In both films, the limitexperience, caused by a disease, becomes an active device, one that produces knowledge for the protagonists. In this radical experience, what is revealed is the link between selfrepresentation and a will to self-destruction, and the normative margins of rationality are questioned. (...) Based on the studies of Jean-Luc Nancy, Jean Baudrillard and Clément Rosset, this essay examines an approach to terminal illness and self-representation both in the context of pain and the voyeuristic process of death as a spectacle. (shrink)

En 1919, la même année où Jean Giraudoux fait son « Adieu à la guerre », il écrit « Les morts d’Elpénor ». En 1926, à côté de trois autres histoires, ce texte intégrera le corps d’Elpénor, déterminant l’ensemble, une collection de quatre textes écrits pendant dix-huit ans, le premier étant « Cyclope », écrit en 1908 ; le deuxième, « Sirènes », en 1912 ; le troisième en 1919 ; et le dernier en 1926, « Les nouvelles morts d’Elpénor (...) ». Quand « Cyclope » et « Sirènes » sortent respectivement chez Le Matin en 1908 et chez Paris-Journal en 1912 aucun d’entre eux ne mentionne Elpénor. Bref, c’est avec le développement des deux dernières histoires, que Elpénor, cette figure effacée chez Homère et absente dans les deux premiers textes de Giraudoux, vole la vedette. Cet article voudrait montrer comment la mise à jour du héros et de ses histoires est en dialogue avec la guerre vécue par l’auteur, pour proposer comment les vieilles histoires, lorsqu’elles sont renouvelées, participent à un processus qui leur permet d’élaborer les défis du présent, communiquant le présent, à travers un code déjà public, l’Odyssée. (shrink)

Resumen: Durante la década del sesenta, la revista Movie hereda de Cahiers du cinéma las preferencias por la politique des auteurs y por cierto cine norteamericano. No obstante, sin abandonar esa predilección por un “cine de directores”, a lo largo de su trayectoria la revista británica intentará desarrollar un riguroso método de análisis formal a través de detallados close readings de los films. Algunos de sus integrantes buscan aplicar al cine los planteos de F. R. Leavis y la revista Scrutiny (...) a propósito de la crítica literaria. Es esta modulación analítica la que será puesta en cuestión con el auge del estructuralismo y el posestructurailsmo a los que se asocia la revista Screen en los años 70.: During the sixties, the journal Movie inherits from Cahiers du cinéma the preferencies for a politique des auteurs and for certain american films. However, never abandoning this tendency towards a “cinema of directors”, the british journal develops a rigorous method of formal analysis and detailed close readings. Some of its members try to apply to cinema the concepts elaborated by F. R. Leavis and the journal Scrutiny in reference to literary criticism. It is precisely this analytic method that will be questioned during the boom of structuralism and post structuralism to which the journal Screen will be asociated in the 70s. (shrink)

What is ethnicity and how does it inform the way we understand ethical and political issues involving ethnic change and ethnically conscious public policies? Jorge J. E. Gracia put forth what he calls his ‘Familial-Historical View’ of ethnicity in which Hispanic identity is understood in terms of history and family resemblances. He criticizes what he calls the ‘Common-Bundle View’ of ethnicity which understands ethnic belonging in terms of an essence. I defend two negative theses which lead to the outlines of (...) a positive thesis: (1) Gracia’s arguments against the Common-Bundle View are not effective; (2) the Familial-Historical View is inadequate because it downplays the essential role that cultural phenomena play in making Hispanic history ethnically relevant to Hispanic identity. As a way of building on the Common-Bundle View I sketch a reformulation that avoids Gracia’s criticisms and is more politically and ethically effective than his family resemblance view of ethnicity. (shrink)

Social media companies commonly design their platforms in a way that renders them addictive. Some governments have declared internet addiction a major public health concern, and the World Health Organization has characterized excessive internet use as a growing problem. Our article shows why scholars, policy makers, and the managers of social media companies should treat social media addiction as a serious moral problem. While the benefits of social media are not negligible, we argue that social media addiction raises unique ethical (...) concerns not raised by other, more familiar addictive products, such as alcohol and cigarettes. In particular, we argue that addicting users to social media is impermissible because it unjustifiably harms users in a way that is both demeaning and objectionably exploitative. Importantly, the attention-economy business model of social media companies strongly incentivizes them to perpetrate this wrongdoing. (shrink)

El libro "E-physicalism - A Physicalist Theory of Phenomenal Consciousness" presenta una teoría en el área de la metafísica de la conciencia fenomenal. Está basada en las convicciones de que la experiencia subjetiva -en el sentido de Nagel - es un fenómeno real, y de que alguna variante del fisicalismo debe ser verdadera.

Resumen: La filosofía y la teología han tenido como telón de fondo la cuestión del ser humano; la filosofía desde un enfoque de complejidad y la teología desde la óptica de la revelación. Tiene sentido preguntarnos acerca de la necesidad que tiene la persona de resolver, de forma progresiva, la pregunta por el sentido de la vida por medio del cultivo de la inteligencia espiritual; de tal forma que se reconozca el papel que tiene la oración, como ejercicio espiritual, en (...) la toma de decisiones, cuya orientación permite conducir la vida en el mundo actual. (shrink)

Properly speaking, the corporation, considered as an entity distinct from its members, cannot be morally responsible for wrongful corporate acts. Setting aside (in this abstract) acts brought about through negligence or omissions, we may say that moral responsibility for an act attaches to that agent (or agents) in whom the act "originates" in this sense: (1) the agent formed the (mental) intention or plan to bring about that act (possibly with the help of others) and (2) the act was intentionally (...) brought about through bodily movements over which that agent had direct control (i.e. the kind of direct mental control that I have over the body I refer to as "my" body) and through which the agent carried out his (mental) intention or plan. Corporate acts do not thus originate in some corporate entity distinct from its members because the corporation has neither a mind to form intentions nor a body it directly controls: it lacks the proper mind/body unity. Instead, corporate acts originate in individual autonomous human beings who make up the corporation and who intentionally bring about corporate acts through their own bodily movements. Such human individuals, and not "the corporation," are morally responsible for corporate acts. Moreover, to say that an entity is "morally responsible" for a wrongful act is to say that the entity is liable to blame and punishment. But it is not possible to impose blame and punishment on a corporation without inflicting it on corporate members. Thus, to say that a corporation (as an entity distinct from its members) is "morally responsible" for a wrongful corporate act is to imply that a (possibly innocent) corporate member legitimately may be punished for something for which another entity was morally responsible. This violates the moral principles that underlie blame and punishment. To hold that the corporation can be morally responsible for its acts is to adopt a dangerous organicism. (shrink)

Exposición realizada por la Doctora en Filosofía Contemporánea Lorena Souyris Oportot, en el ciclo de conversaciones “Crítica a la Epidemiología Política. Prácticas y racionalidad neoliberales en tiempos de pandemia”, organizado por el equipo editorial de la Revista de Filosofía Otrosiglo, octubre – diciembre 2020. Disponible en Youtube, canal Revista Otrosiglo. Lecture by Lorena Souyris Oportot, Ph. D., in the cycle of conversations “Criticism to the Political Epidemiology. Neoliberal practices and rationality in times of pandemics”, event organized by the (...) editorial team of the Philosophy Magazine Otrosiglo, october – december 2020. Available on Youtbe, channel Revista Otrosiglo. (shrink)

Formas de representación de la violencia en El vuelo del tigre y Libro de navíos y borrascas de Daniel Moyano.

el objetivo de este trabajo es defender que la actual crisis es consecuencia de la inmadurez metodológica de la propia Economía. En la primera parte, se discute con Simon que la Economía no hace predicciones como una ciencia física tal y como considera M. Friedman. En la segunda, siguiendo a K. Popper, se cuestiona que las leyes económicas tengan la capacidad para hacer profecías sobre el futuro y la historia del hombre como creyó K. Marx. Y por último se concluye (...) —tomando como referencia la teoría de la ciencia de Th. Kuhn— que la Economía es una ciencia preparadigmática que no cuenta con los instrumentos necesarios para «cuantificar» la acción humana y, por consiguiente, es incapaz de predecir su comportamiento en términos económicos. (shrink)

This article tackles the construction of an exemplary image of the modern man in the 15th century. The corpus is centered on a fundamental work in the history of Western thought: Oration on the Dignity of Man, by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, which represents the “spirit of a period” and projects an exemplary image of the human being through the rewriting of the origin myth. The manner in which Adam was created and how that defines the new way in which (...) he is fashioned will be the basis for a new way of being, free from the doctrine of original sin and without seeing his capacities as a human being diminished. Through the analysis of this mythological reconstruction and also through modifications of the biblical account, several characteristics of the man about to come will be uncovered. Special attention will be given to the displacement suffered by man in relation to the world, as Pico establishes man as a contemplator of the universe, the consequences of the liberation from the scala naturae, and the prominence of desire in Pico’s conception of man. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es exponer la interpretación de la ideología en la obra_ Trabajo manual y trabajo intelectual. Una crítica de la epistemología_ de Alfred Sohn-Rethel entendida como inconsciente del sujeto transcendental, la cual pivota en torno al famoso término _abstracción real_ [_Realabstraktion_] como principio de síntesis social; y, por otro lado, medir someramente sus _alcances _y_ limitaciones _respecto de las nuevas lecturas de Marx, concretamente, de la crítica de la escisión del valor [_Wertabspaltungskritik_].

A “Critical Perspectives” article in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry on scientific integrity in Brazil summarizes several misconduct cases documented therein . To further reinforce the responsible conduct of research in developing countries and to fight against the unaccountability of many editors , we describe here a Mexican instance of alleged in-house plagiarism .In June 2011, we submitted a “Correspondence” note to a Nature group journal to expose what we claimed to be a breach of collegiality and inappropriate authorship in (...) a three-page mutation report just published in that journal. Our main complaints were two: the surreptitious way in which we believed that both displayed metaphases in that report had been obtained from our files by a local colleague and then published without our consent and the massive easy-on co-authorship: 14 out of 21 co-authors declared just to have “provided clinical material.” In c .. (shrink)

This book examines the history of cosmopolitanism from its origins in the ancient world up to its use in Kantian political philosophy. Taking the idea of 'common property of the land' as a starting point, the author makes the original case that attention to this concept is needed to properly understand the notion of cosmopolitan citizenship. Offering a reconstruction of cosmopolitanism from an interdisciplinary point of view, Toward Kantian Cosmopolitanism shows how the concept sits at the intersection between philosophical debates, (...) legal realities and the origins of the construction of the discipline of international law. Essential reading for all researchers and advances students of cosmopolitanism, political philosophy and the history of international law, it broadens the current understanding of the concept of cosmopolitanism and reflects on cosmopolitan studies from a historical and philosophical point of view. (shrink)

Desde mediados del siglo XX, el devenir de la salvaguarda relacionada con las viviendas ha avanzado desde la monumentalidad hasta el contexto, desde la individualización hasta la caracterización paisajística, desde las condiciones materiales hasta los aspectos vivenciales. Sin embargo, amparar el cuerpo de las residencias típicas de cada territorio, en especial en los dinámicos marcos urbanos, resultó —y resulta— un desafío. Las experimentaciones de propuestas hacia un amparo residencial a más largo plazo han coincidido en dos aspectos de interés: la (...) promoción de indicadores de sustentabilidad patrimonial, inscriptos en cada marco estatal-local preservacionista, junto con el reconocimiento y el tratamiento del rol usuario. En este sentido, desde variables histórico-arquitectónicas y sociales se propuso la construcción y la aplicación de indicadores de sustentabilidad patrimonial residencial para visibilizar problemas y potencialidades hacia una formulación de estrategias de preservación apropiadas. Para ello se abordó la ciudad de Mar del Plata, una aglomeración intermedia bonaerense paradigmática debido a sus dinamismos pasados y presentes, con foco en sus chalets “estilo Mar del Plata” y sus usuarios. Se analizaron dos barrios históricos —Stella Maris y La Perla—, donde sobrevive una relevante diversidad de chalets en un marco de múltiples riesgos que afectan su permanencia. Desde una perspectiva principalmente cualitativa, apoyada por datos cuantitativos, se articularon relevamientos in situ, fuentes escritas (investigaciones previas, artículos científicos, cartas patrimoniales), gráficas (planimetrías, fotografías, imágenes aéreas) y orales (encuestas, entrevistas). De esta manera, la indagación desarrollada permitió avanzar en renovados caminos para progresar en la salvaguarda del legado residencial contextual. (shrink)

Type 2 diabetes has been considered a public health threat due to its growing prevalence, particularly in the older population. It is important to know the effects of psychosocial stress and its potential consequences for some basic cognitive processes that are important in daily life. Currently, there is very little information about how people with T2D face acute psychosocial stressors, and even less about how their response affects working memory, which is essential for their functionality and independence. Our aim was (...) to characterize the response to an acute laboratory psychosocial stressor and its effects on WM in older people with T2D. Fifty participants with T2D from 52 to 77 years old were randomly assigned to a stress or control condition. Mood and physiological responses to tasks were measured. In addition, participants completed a WM test before and after the stress or control task. Our results showed that the TSST elicited higher negative affect and greater C and sAA responses than the control task. No significant differences in WM were observed depending on the exposure to stress or the control task. Finally, participants who showed higher C and sAA responses to the stressor had lower WM performance. Our results indicate that medically treated older adults with T2D show clear, typical mood and physiological responses to an acute psychosocial stressor. Finally, the lack of acute psychosocial stress effects on WM suggests that it could be related to aging and not to this disease, at least when T2D is adequately treated. (shrink)

O presente artigo propõe analisar os princípios bioéticos e a possibilidade de sua aplicação no âmbito do Biodireito. Mais especificamente, após um breve panorama da teoria dos princípios na seara jurídica, abarcando as principais evoluções doutrinárias, foca-se nos princípios da Bioética estruturados pelo Principialismo, que apresenta os princípios básicos para o agir humano frente a uma moralidade comum, abordando-se tanto os seus fundamentos que consagraram o uso dos princípios nos dilemas bioéticos, quanto as críticas sofridas que resultaram em nova proposta (...) de estrutura principiológica. Finalmente, se discute o contexto dessa nova proposta de princípios bioéticos fundada na Europa, que fortalece a preocupação com a coexistência entre o ser humano e os demais seres vivos que colaboram com o equilíbrio da vida, bem como a sua possível aplicação ao Biodireito, como salvaguarda da dignidade dos seres humanos nas questões éticas e jurídicas criadas pelos avanços biotecnológicos. (shrink)