Results for 'geographic information '

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  1.  2
    Grounding geographic information in perceptual operations.Simon Scheider - 2012 - Washington, DC: IOS Press.
    Geographic information reflects ontological world views, just like any linguistic utterance. However, in comparison with spoken language, all kinds of digital information is affected by the problem of reference to an even larger extent, because of the loss of the context of speech. How can the phenomena underlying digital information be referred to in an inter-subjective way? The problem is not that machines cannot communicate, but that humans frequently misunderstand each other when communicating via machines. This (...)
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  2. Ontological Foundations for Geographic Information Science.David Mark, Barry Smith, Max Egenhofer & Stephen Hirtle - 2004 - In Robert McMaster & E. Lynn Usery (eds.), A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science. CRC Press. pp. 335-350.
    We propose as a UCGIS research priority the topic of “Ontological Foundations for Geographic Information.” Under this umbrella we unify several interrelated research subfields, each of which deals with different perspectives on geospatial ontologies and their roles in geographic information science. While each of these subfields could be addressed separately, we believe it is important to address ontological research in a unitary, systematic fashion, embracing conceptual issues concerning what would be required to establish an exhaustive ontology (...)
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  3.  51
    Language Encodes Geographical Information.Max M. Louwerse & Rolf A. Zwaan - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (1):51-73.
    Population counts and longitude and latitude coordinates were estimated for the 50 largest cities in the United States by computational linguistic techniques and by human participants. The mathematical technique Latent Semantic Analysis applied to newspaper texts produced similarity ratings between the 50 cities that allowed for a multidimensional scaling (MDS) of these cities. MDS coordinates correlated with the actual longitude and latitude of these cities, showing that cities that are located together share similar semantic contexts. This finding was replicated using (...)
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  4. Geographic information systems in social policy formation.Ronald Keith Gaddie, Russell Keith Johnson & John K. Wildgen - 1998 - In Barbara L. Neuby (ed.), Relevancy of the Social Sciences in the Next Millennium. The State University of West Georgia.
  5. Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology.David M. Mark & Barry Smith (eds.) - 2004 - Chichester, England: Springer-Praxis.
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  6. Using Geographic Information Systems, Water and Problem Solving in Grade Six.K. E. Weller - 1996 - Journal of Social Studies Research 20:60-63.
  7. Geographical Information Systems in Modern Citizen Science.Laia Subirats, Joana Simoes & Alexander Steblin - 2017 - In Luigi Ceccaroni (ed.), Analyzing the role of citizen science in modern research. Hershey PA: Information Science Reference.
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  8. A Spatio-Temporal Ontology for Geographic Information Integration.Thomas Bittner & Barry Smith - 2009 - International Journal for Geographical Information Science 23 (6):765-798.
    This paper presents an axiomatic formalization of a theory of top-level relations between three categories of entities: individuals, universals, and collections. We deal with a variety of relations between entities in these categories, including the sub-universal relation among universals and the parthood relation among individuals, as well as cross-categorial relations such as instantiation and membership. We show that an adequate understanding of the formal properties of such relations – in particular their behavior with respect to time – is critical for (...)
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  9. 3rd AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science.M. Mark David, Smith Barry & Berit Brogaard-Pedersen - 2000
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  10. Data Quality in Geographic Information, chapter Some Algebraic and Logical Foundations for Spatial Imprecision.Michael F. Worboys - forthcoming - Hermes.
  11. The Potential of Geographical Information Systems and Earth Observation.P. A. Longley & M. J. Barnsley - 2004 - In John A. Matthews & David T. Herbert (eds.), Unifying Geography: Common Heritage, Shared Future. Routledge.
  12. Citizen-driven Geographic Information Science.Thomas J. Lampoltshammer & Johannes Scholz - 2017 - In Luigi Ceccaroni (ed.), Analyzing the role of citizen science in modern research. Hershey PA: Information Science Reference.
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  13. Bringing the Geographic Information System(GIS) to the Classroom.M. Paden - 1999 - Human Nature: Greencom's Newsletter 4 (1).
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  14.  17
    Runoff using a combined geographic information system and curve number approach.Keshia M. Koehn - 2008 - Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal 9.
  15.  12
    The semantics of extensive quantities within geographic information.Eric Top, Simon Scheider, Haiqi Xu, Enkhbold Nyamsuren & Niels Steenbergen - 2022 - Applied ontology 17 (3):337-364.
    The next generation of Geographic Information Systems is anticipated to automate some of the reasoning required for spatial analysis. An important step in the development of such systems is to gain a better understanding and corresponding modeling practice of when to apply arithmetic operations to quantities. The concept of extensivity plays an essential role in determining when quantities can be aggregated by summing them, and when this is not possible. This is of particular importance to geographic (...) systems, which serve to quantify phenomena across space and time. However, currently, multiple contrasting definitions of extensivity exist, and none of these suffice for handling the different practical cases occurring in geographic information. As a result, analysts predominantly rely on intuition and ad hoc reasoning to determine whether two quantities are additive. In this paper, we present a novel approach to formalizing the concept of extensivity. Though our notion as such is not restricted to quantifications occurring within geographic information, it is particularly useful for this purpose. Following the idea of spatio-temporal controls by Sinton, we define extensivity as a property of measurements of quantities with respect to a controlling quantity, such that a sum of the latter implies a sum of the former. In our algebraic definition of amounts and other quantities, we do away with some of the constraints that limit the usability of older approaches. By treating extensivity as a relation between amounts and other types of quantities, our definition offers the flexibility to relate a quantity to many domains of interest. We show how this new notion of extensivity can be used to classify the kinds of amounts in various examples of geographic information. (shrink)
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  16.  8
    Property regimes and the commodification of geographic information: An examination of Google Street View.Luis F. Alvarez León - 2016 - Big Data and Society 3 (2).
    The body of information on the Internet is becoming increasingly geographical. This is both due to the expansion of established categories of geographic information and to the simultaneous enrichment of other types of information through geographic identifiers. As this repository of geographic information expands, it is also a key site for multiple processes of commodification transforming informational resources into market goods. Understanding the dynamics driving the integration of geographic information into the (...)
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  17. Ontology, natural language, and information systems: Implications of cross-linguistic studies of geographic terms.David M. Mark, Werner Kuhn, Barry Smith & A. G. Turk - 2003 - In Mark David M., Werner Kuhn, Smith Barry & Turk A. G. (eds.), 6th Annual Conference of the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe (AGILE),. pp. 45-50.
    Ontology has been proposed as a solution to the 'Tower of Babel' problem that threatens the semantic interoperability of information systems constructed independently for the same domain. In information systems research and applications, ontologies are often implemented by formalizing the meanings of words from natural languages. However, words in different natural languages sometimes subdivide the same domain of reality in terms of different conceptual categories. If the words and their associated concepts in two natural languages, or even in (...)
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  18.  28
    Digital people, digital places: Rethinking privacy in a world of geographic information.Michael R. Curry - 1997 - Ethics and Behavior 7 (3):253 – 263.
    With respect to the right of privacy, some of the most difficult concerns arise from the map, and especially the modern, computer-generated map. Maps support a view in which the local--and the private--are unimportant, as they represent the world in ways that make places seem fundamentally alike. By geocoding he location of people, places, and events, maps offer a universal set of identifiers, one much more difficult to regulate than traditional identifiers like the social security number. At the same time, (...)
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  19. Spatial Information Theory. Foundations of Geographic Information Science.Thomas Bittner - 2001 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2205.
  20. 6th Annual Conference of the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe (AGILE),.M. Mark David, Werner Kuhn, Smith Barry & A. G. Turk (eds.) - 2003
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  21. Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Informa­tion Science.W. Kuhn M. F. Worboys & S. Timpf (eds.) - 2003 - Springer.
  22. Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science.Daniel R. Montello (ed.) - 2001 - New York: Springer.
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  23. GIScience 2000: First International Conference on Geographic Information Science, Savannah, Georgia.Barry Smith (ed.) - 2000
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  24.  62
    Ethics Across the Curriculum and Geographic Information Systems.Ashraf Ghaly - 2009 - Teaching Ethics 9 (2):59-64.
  25. Geographical Categories: An Ontological Retrospective.Barry Smith & David M. Mark - 2001 - International Journal of Geographical Information Science 15 (7):507–512.
    Since it is only five years since the publication of our paper, "Geographical categories: An ontological investigation" (Smith and Mark 2001), it seems somewhat strange to be making retrospective comments on the piece. Nevertheless, the field is moving quickly, and much has happened since the article appeared. A large number of papers have already cited the work, which suggests that there is a seam here that people find worthy of being mined. In this short essay, we first review the paper (...)
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  26. ER 2006 Workshops-CoMoGIS 2006--3rd International Workshop on Conceptual Modeling for Geographic Information Systems-Spatial and Spatio-temporal Data Representation-Time-Aggregated Graphs for. [REVIEW]Betsy Shekhar George - 2006 - In O. Stock & M. Schaerf (eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Verlag. pp. 85-99.
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  27. Bootstrapping Information Technology Innovations Across Organisational and Geographical Boundaries: Lessons from an mHealth Implementation in Malawi.Tiwonge Davis Manda and Terje Aksel Sanner - 2014 - Iris 35.
  28. Bootstrapping Information Technology Innovations Across Organisational and Geographical Boundaries: Lessons from an mHealth Implementation in Malawi.Tiwonge Davis Manda & Terje Aksel Sanner - 2014 - Iris 35.
     
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  29. Features, Objects, and other Things: Ontological Distinctions in the Geographic Domain.David M. Mark, Andre Skupin & Barry Smith - 2001 - In Daniel R. Montello (ed.), Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science. New York: Springer. pp. 489-502.
    Two hundred and sixty-three subjects each gave examples for one of five geographic categories: geographic features, geographic objects, geographic concepts, something geographic, and something that could be portrayed on a map. The frequencies of various responses were significantly different, indicating that the basic ontological terms feature, object, etc., are not interchangeable but carry different meanings when combined with adjectives indicating geographic or mappable. For all of the test phrases involving geographic, responses were predominantly (...)
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  30. Ontology and geographic objects: An empirical study of cognitive categorization.David M. Mark, Barry Smith & Barbara Tversky - 1999 - In Freksa C. & Mark David M. (eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1661). pp. 283-298.
    Cognitive categories in the geographic realm appear to manifest certain special features as contrasted with categories for objects at surveyable scales. We have argued that these features reflect specific ontological characteristics of geographic objects. This paper presents hypotheses as to the nature of the features mentioned, reviews previous empirical work on geographic categories, and presents the results of pilot experiments that used English-speaking subjects to test our hypotheses. Our experiments show geographic categories to be similar to (...)
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  31. Spaces of geographical thought: deconstructing human geography's binaries.Paul Cloke & Ron Johnston (eds.) - 2005 - Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications.
    Spaces of Geographical Thought examines key ideas – like space and place - which inform the geographic imagination. The text: discusses the core conceptual vocabulary of human geography: agency: structure; state: society; culture: economy; space: place; black: white; man: woman; nature: culture; local: global; and time: space; explains the significance of these binaries in the constitution of geographic thought; and shows how many of these binaries have been interrogated and re-imagined in more recent geographical thinking. A consideration of (...)
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  32.  61
    The Spatial Turn: Geographical Approaches in the History of Science.Diarmid A. Finnegan - 2008 - Journal of the History of Biology 41 (2):369-388.
    Over the past decade or so a number of historians of science and historical geographers, alert to the situated nature of scientific knowledge production and reception and to the migratory patterns of science on the move, have called for more explicit treatment of the geographies of past scientific knowledge. Closely linked to work in the sociology of scientific knowledge and science studies and connected with a heightened interest in spatiality evident across the humanities and social sciences this 'spatial turn ' (...)
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  33.  5
    Spatial temporal information systems: an ontological approach using STK.Linda M. McNeil - 2013 - Boca Raton: CRC Press. Edited by T. S. Kelso.
    Designed to be a high-level, approachable resource for engineers who need further insight into spatial temporal information systems from an ontological perspective, Spatial Temporal Information Systems: An Ontological Approach using STK® explains the dynamics of objects interaction from signal analysis to trajectory design, spatial modeling, and other spatial analytics by using STK®, which is a general-purpose modeling and analysis application for any type of space, defense, or intelligence system. Building a foundation to begin the study of spatial temporal (...)
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  34.  33
    A Geographical Taxonomy for Geo-ontologies.Timothy Tambassi - 2017 - Axiomathes 27 (4):355-374.
    This article intends to provide an overview on the philosophical and geographical background of geo-ontologies and to propose a geographical classification of these ontologies, in response to their increasing diffusion within the contemporary debate. Accordingly, the first two paragraphs are devoted to offer a short introduction to the ontological turn in philosophy and to the development of the ontology of geography, that is that part of the ontology mainly focused on geographic entities and their boundaries, spatial representation, meretopological relations (...)
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  35.  16
    Political Equality and Geographic Constituency.James Lindley Wilson - forthcoming - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice:1-20.
    Geographic definitions of constituency—the set of voters eligible to vote for a representative—have been criticized by theorists and reformers as undermining democratic values. I argue, in response, that there is no categorical (or even generally applicable) reason sounding in political equality to reject geographic districts. Geographic districting systems are typically flexible enough that, when properly designed, and matched with an appropriate electoral system, they can satisfy the requirements of political equality. More generally, I argue that it is (...)
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  36.  8
    History and GIS: epistemologies, considerations and reflections.Alexander von Lünen & Charles Travis (eds.) - 2013 - Dordrecht: Springer.
    Geographical Information Systems (GIS) – either as “standard” GIS or custom made Historical GIS (HGIS) – have become quite popular in some historical sub-disciplines, such as Economic and Social History or Historical Geography. “Mainstream” history, however, seems to be rather unaffected by this trend. More generally speaking: Why is it that computer applications in general have failed to make much headway in history departments, despite the first steps being undertaken a good forty years ago? With the “spatial turn” in (...)
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  37. Spatial Information Theory.A. G. Cohn & D. M. Mark (eds.) - 2005 - Springer.
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory, COSIT 2005, held in Elliottville, NY, USA in September 2005. The 30 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on vagueness, uncertainty, and gradation; paths and routes; ontologies and semantics; ontologies and spatial relations; spatial reasoning: cognitive maps and spatial reasoning; time, change, and dynamics; landmarks and navigation; geographic information, and spatial (...)
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  38.  14
    The role of geographic bias in knowledge diffusion: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Matthew Harris, Julie Reed, Hamdi Issa & Mark Skopec - 2020 - Research Integrity and Peer Review 5 (1).
    BackgroundDescriptive studies examining publication rates and citation counts demonstrate a geographic skew toward high-income countries (HIC), and research from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) is generally underrepresented. This has been suggested to be due in part to reviewers’ and editors’ preference toward HIC sources; however, in the absence of controlled studies, it is impossible to assert whether there is bias or whether variations in the quality or relevance of the articles being reviewed explains the geographic divide. This study (...)
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  39.  2
    The Great Historical, Geographical and Poetical Dictionary: H-Z.Louis Moréri (ed.) - 1694 - Routledge.
    This reference work is a reprint of the 1694 translation of Moreri's classic reference work . The two volumes contain a mixture of histiographical, geographical and poetical information. They chronicle the lives and actions of celebrated people from the time as well as offering invaluable information on various world-wide regions, empires and kingdoms. Containing over 25,000 entries, the English edition is generally considered superior to the French, as an additional section on the English, Scottish and Irish nobility was (...)
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  40. Geographic thought : a praxis perspective.George L. Henderson & Marvin Waterstone (eds.) - 2009 - New York: Routledge.
    For researchers and students interested in the connections between theoretically informed work and the possibilities for bettering people's everyday lives, this ...
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  41.  24
    Information, evolution, and 'error-friendliness'.Ernst von Weizsacker & C. von Weizsacker - 2006 - Mind and Matter 4 (2):235-247.
    Information can be conceived as being composed of two complementary components: novelty and confirmation. Whenever either of the two is zero, information is zero. Genetic information, too, requires both novelty and confirmation. Evolution can be seen as the history of diversification. Selection alone reduces diversity. Recessivity appears to serve as a mechanism to protect diversity against selection. So does the geographical and behavioral 'separation' of species. Both recessivity and separation can be seen as 'error-friendly', a broader concept (...)
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  42. Mapping Kinds in GIS and Cartography.Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther - forthcoming - In Catherine Kendig (ed.), Natural Kinds and Classification in Scientific Practice. Routledge. pp. 197-216.
    Geographic Information Science (GIS) is an interdisciplinary science aiming to detect and visually represent patterns in spatial data. GIS is used by businesses to determine where to open new stores and by conservation biologists to identify field study locations with relatively little anthropogenic influence. Products of GIS include topographic and thematic maps of the Earth’s surface, climate maps, and spatially referenced demographic graphs and charts. In addition to its social, political, and economic importance, GIS is of intrinsic philosophical (...)
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  43.  4
    Thucydides and the Geographical Tradition.Lionel Pearson - 1939 - Classical Quarterly 33 (1):48-54.
    Since geography was one of the accepted branches of Ionian Ίστορíη, it is not surprising that geographical description and discussion should play so large a part in the work of Herodotus. Nor is it surprising that, since he covered so much ground, he should occasionally borrow information from his predecessors. Apart from particular passages where comparison with the fragments of Hecataeus shows that he borrowed from this author's Periegesis, there are numerous others which, although strictly relevant fragments are lacking, (...)
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  44. Ontological tools for geographic representation.Roberto Casati, Barry Smith & Achille C. Varzi - 1998 - In Nicola Guarino (ed.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS). Ios Press. pp. 77--85.
    This paper is concerned with certain ontological issues in the foundations of geographic representation. It sets out what these basic issues are, describes the tools needed to deal with them, and draws some implications for a general theory of spatial representation. Our approach has ramifications in the domains of mereology, topology, and the theory of location, and the question of the interaction of these three domains within a unified spatial representation theory is addressed. In the final part we also (...)
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  45. Ontology of common sense geographic phenomena: Foundations for interoperable multilingual geospatial databases.David M. Mark, Barry Smith & Berit Brogaard - 2000 - In 3rd AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science. pp. 32-34.
    Information may be defined as the conceptual or communicable part of the content of mental acts. The content of mental acts includes sensory data as well as concepts, particular as well as general information. An information system is an external (non-mental) system designed to store such content. Information systems afford indirect transmission of content between people, some of whom may put information into the system and others who are among those who use the system. In (...)
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  46.  21
    Should Charity Begin at Home? An Empirical Investigation of Consumers’ Responses to Companies’ Varying Geographic Allocations of Donation Budgets.Laura Marie Schons, John Cadogan & Roumpini Tsakona - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 144 (3):559-576.
    In our globalized and interconnected world, companies are increasingly donating substantial amounts to good causes around the globe. Many companies choose to donate “at home” while others give to causes in faraway places where recipients are in dire need of support. Interestingly, past research on corporate donations has neglected the question of whether consumers differentially reward companies for geographically varying allocations of donation budgets. Through a mixed methods approach, this paper remedies this gap by developing and empirically testing a conceptual (...)
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  47.  7
    GIS for science: applying mapping and spatial analytics.Dawn J. Wright, Christian Harder & Jared M. Diamond (eds.) - 2019 - Redlands, California: Esri Press.
    GIS for Science presents a collection of real-world stories about modern science and a cadre of scientists who use mapping and spatial analytics to expand their understanding of the world. The accounts in this book are written for a broad audience including professional scientists, the swelling ranks of citizen scientists, and people generally interested in science and geography. Scientific data are brought to life with GIS technology to study a range of issues relevant to the functioning of planet Earth in (...)
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  48. Ontology with Human Subjects Testing: An Empirical Investigation of Geographic Categories.Barry Smith & David M. Mark - 1998 - American Journal of Economics and Sociology 58 (2):245–272.
    Ontology, since Aristotle, has been conceived as a sort of highly general physics, a science of the types of entities in reality, of the objects, properties, categories and relations which make up the world. At the same time ontology has been for some two thousand years a speculative enterprise. It has rested methodologically on introspection and on the construction and analysis of elaborate world-models and of abstract formal-ontological theories. In the work of Quine and others this ontological theorizing in abstract (...)
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  49.  12
    Developing Information Infrastructure: The Tension Between Standardization and Flexibility.Morten Hatling, Eric Monteiro & Ole Hanseth - 1996 - Science, Technology and Human Values 21 (4):407-426.
    This article explores the tension between standardization and flexibility in information infrastructure. Just like other large technical systems, the geographically dispersed yet highly interconnected II becomes increasingly resistant to change. Still, II design must anticipate and prepare for changes, even substantial ones, if infrastructure is to survive. An II contains a huge number of components that alternate between standardization and change throughout their lifetimes. These components are interdependent: when one is changed, others have to remain stable, and vice versa. (...)
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  50.  37
    Information technology in the service of peacebuilding: The case of cyprus.Yiannis Laouris - 2004 - World Futures 60 (1 & 2):67 – 79.
    Cyprus, an island in the Eastern Mediterranean, has been divided by force since 1974. Citizens of the two partitions have not been allowed to cross the cease-fire line, controlled by the United Nations Force, or to have any kind of communication between them. This article describes the innovative use of information technology to break the communication barrier between the two geographically isolated communities and to facilitate the creation of a shared vision and a concrete strategy toward achieving this vision.
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