Results for 'chromosomal rearrangement'

999 found
Order:
  1.  14
    Chromosome rearrangements resulting from telomere dysfunction and their role in cancer.John P. Murnane & Laure Sabatier - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (11):1164-1174.
    Telomeres play a vital role in protecting the ends of chromosomes and preventing chromosome fusion. The failure of cancer cells to properly maintain telomeres can be an important source of the chromosome instability involved in cancer cell progression. Telomere loss results in sister chromatid fusion and prolonged breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles, leading to extensive DNA amplification and large deletions. These B/F/B cycles end primarily when the unstable chromosome acquires a new telomere by translocation of the ends of other chromosomes. Many of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  2.  17
    Gross chromosome rearrangements mediated by transposable elements in Drosophila melanogaster.Johng K. Lim & Michael J. Simmons - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (4):269-275.
    A combination of cytogenetic and molecular analyses has shown that several different transposable elements are involved in the restructuring of Drosophila chromosomes. Two kinds of elements, P and hobo, are especially prone to induce chromosome rearrangements. The mechanistic details of this process are unclear, but, at least some of the time, it seems to involve ectopic recombination between elements inserted at different chromosomal sites; the available data suggest that these ectopic recombination events are much more likely to occure between (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3.  12
    Genes and genomes: High‐frequency induction of chromosomal rearrangements in mouse germ cells by the chemotherapeutic agent chlorambucil.Eugene M. Rinchik, Lorraine Flaherty & Liane B. Russell - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (12):831-836.
    Recent mutagenesis studies have demonstrated that the chemotherapeutic agent, chlorambucll (CHL), is highly mutagenic in male germ cells of the mouse. Post‐melotic germ cells, and especially early spermatids, are the most sensitive to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of this agent. Genetic, cytogenetic and molecular analyses of many induced mutations have shown that, in these germ‐cell stages, CHL induces predominantly chromosomal rearrangements (deletions and translocations), and mutation‐rate studies show that, in terms of tolerated doses, CHL is perhaps five to (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4.  32
    Chromosome segment duplications in Neurospora crassa: barren crosses beget fertile science.Parmit K. Singh, Srividhya V. Iyer, Mukund Ramakrishnan & Durgadas P. Kasbekar - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (2):209-219.
    Studies on Neurospora chromosome segment duplications (Dps) performed since the publication of Perkins's comprehensive review in 1997 form the focus of this article. We present a brief summary of Perkins's seminal work on chromosome rearrangements, specifically, the identification of insertional and quasiterminal translocations that can segregate Dp progeny when crossed with normal sequence strains (i.e., T × N). We describe the genome defense process called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA that renders Dp‐heterozygous crosses (i.e., Dp × N) barren, which provides (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5.  28
    Mammalian chromosomes contain cis‐acting elements that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes.Mathew J. Thayer - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (9):760-770.
    Recent studies indicate that mammalian chromosomes contain discretecis‐acting loci that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes. Disruption of the large non‐coding RNA gene ASAR6 results in late replication, an under‐condensed appearance during mitosis, and structural instability of human chromosome 6. Similarly, disruption of the mouse Xist gene in adult somatic cells results in a late replication and instability phenotype on the X chromosome. ASAR6 shares many characteristics with Xist, including random mono‐allelic expression and asynchronous replication timing. (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  6.  25
    Did sex chromosome turnover promote divergence of the major mammal groups?Jennifer A. M. Graves - 2016 - Bioessays 38 (8):734-743.
    Comparative mapping and sequencing show that turnover of sex determining genes and chromosomes, and sex chromosome rearrangements, accompany speciation in many vertebrates. Here I review the evidence and propose that the evolution of therian mammals was precipitated by evolution of the male‐determining SRY gene, defining a novel XY sex chromosome pair, and interposing a reproductive barrier with the ancestral population of synapsid reptiles 190 million years ago (MYA). Divergence was reinforced by multiple translocations in monotreme sex chromosomes, the first of (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  7.  16
    Repair and Reconstruction of Telomeric and Subtelomeric Regions and Genesis of New Telomeres: Implications for Chromosome Evolution.Chuna Kim, Sanghyun Sung, Jun Kim & Junho Lee - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (6):1900177.
    DNA damage repair within telomeres are suppressed to maintain the integrity of linear chromosomes, but the accidental activation of repairs can lead to genome instability. This review develops the concept that mechanisms to repair DNA damage in telomeres contribute to genetic variability and karyotype evolution, rather than catastrophe. Spontaneous breaks in telomeres can be repaired by telomerase, but in some cases DNA repair pathways are activated, and can cause chromosomal rearrangements or fusions. The resultant changes can also affect subtelomeric (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  8. Construction of mammalian artificial chromosomes: prospects for defining an optimal centromere.Dirk Schindelhauer - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (1):76-83.
    Two reports have shown that mammalian artificial chromosomes (MAC) can be constructed from cloned human centromere DNA and telomere repeats, proving the principle that chromosomes can form from naked DNA molecules transfected into human cells. The MACs were mitotically stable, low copy number and bound antibodies associated with active centromeres. As a step toward second-generation MACs, yeast and bacterial cloning systems will have to be adapted to achieve large MAC constructs having a centromere, two telomeres, and genomic copies of mammalian (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9.  30
    Radiation‐induced chromosome aberrations: Insights gained from biophysical modeling.Lynn Hlatky, Rainer K. Sachs, Mariel Vazquez & Michael N. Cornforth - 2002 - Bioessays 24 (8):714-723.
    Enzymatic misrepair of ionizing‐radiation‐induced DNA damage can produce large‐scale rearrangements of the genome, such as translocations and dicentrics. These and other chromosome exchange aberrations can cause major phenotypic alterations, including cell death, mutation and neoplasia. Exchange formation requires that two (or more) genomic loci come together spatially. Consequently, the surprisingly rich aberration spectra uncovered by recently developed techniques, when combined with biophysically based computer modeling, help characterize large‐scale chromatin architecture in the interphase nucleus. Most results are consistent with a picture (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  10.  11
    Construction of mammalian artificial chromosomes: prospects for defining an optimal centromere.S. Janciauskiene & H. T. Wright - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (1):76-83.
    Two reports have shown that mammalian artificial chromosomes (MAC) can be constructed from cloned human centromere DNA and telomere repeats, proving the principle that chromosomes can form from naked DNA molecules transfected into human cells. The MACs were mitotically stable, low copy number and bound antibodies associated with active centromeres. As a step toward second-generation MACs, yeast and bacterial cloning systems will have to be adapted to achieve large MAC constructs having a centromere, two telomeres, and genomic copies of mammalian (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  11.  19
    Group 3 chromosome bin maps of wheat and their relationship to rice chromosome 1.J. D. Munkvold, R. A. Greene, C. E. Bermudez-Kandianis, C. M. La Rota, H. Edwards, S. F. Sorrells, T. Dake, D. Benscher, R. Kantety, A. M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, E. D. Akhunov, J. Dvořák, Miftahudin, J. P. Gustafson, M. S. Pathan, H. T. Nguyen, D. E. Matthews, S. Chao, G. R. Lazo, D. D. Hummel, O. D. Anderson, J. A. Anderson, J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. H. Peng, N. Lapitan, L. L. Qi, B. Echalier, B. S. Gill, K. G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S. F. Kianian, D. Sandhu, M. Erayman, K. S. Gill, P. E. McGuire, C. O. Qualset & M. E. Sorrells - unknown
    The focus of this study was to analyze the content, distribution, and comparative genome relationships of 996 chromosome bin-mapped expressed sequence tags accounting for 2266 restriction fragments on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat. Of these loci, 634, 884, and 748 were mapped on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D, respectively. The individual chromosome bin maps revealed bins with a high density of mapped ESTs in the distal region and bins of low density in the proximal region of the (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  12.  16
    Total synthesis of a eukaryotic chromosome: Redesigning and SCRaMbLE‐ing yeast.Dejana Jovicevic, Benjamin A. Blount & Tom Ellis - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (9):855-860.
    A team of US researchers recently reported the design, assembly and in vivo functionality of a synthetic chromosome III (SynIII) for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synthetic chromosome was assembled bottom‐up from DNA oligomers by teams of students working over several years with researchers as the first part of an international synthetic yeast genome project. Embedded into the sequence of the synthetic chromosome are multiple design changes that include a novel in‐built recombination scheme that can be induced to catalyse intra‐ (...) rearrangements in a variety of different conditions. This system, along with the other synthetic sequence changes, is intended to aid researchers develop a deeper understanding of how genomes function and find new ways to exploit yeast in future biotechnologies. The landmark of the first synthesised designer eukaryote chromosome, and the power of its massively parallel recombination system, provide new perspectives on the future of synthetic biology and genome research. (shrink)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13.  32
    Evolutionary plasticity and cancer breakpoints in human chromosome 3.Aurora Ruiz-Herrera & Terence J. Robinson - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (11-12):1126-1137.
    In this review, we focus on the evolutionary and biomedical aspects of the architecture of human chromosome 3 (HSA3) by analyzing chromosomal regions that have been conserved during the evolutionary process, compared to those that have been involved in the genomic restructuring of different placental lineages. Given that the organization of human chromosome 3 is derived when compared to the ancestral primate karyotype, and is an autosome that is commonly implicated in human tumour formation, we examined the patterns of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  14.  21
    Control of eukaryotic DNA replication at the chromosomal level.Friedrich Wanka - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (11):613-618.
    A hypothesis for the control of eukaryotic DNA replication at the chromosomal level is proposed. The specific regulatory problem arises from the subdivision of the genome into thousands of individually replicating units, each of which must be duplicated a single time during S‐phase. The hypothesis is based on the finding of direct repeats at replication origins. Such repeats can adopt, beyond the full‐length double helical structure, another configuration exposing two single‐stranded loops that provide suitable templates for the initiation of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  15.  18
    Reversible histone modification and the chromosome cell cycle.E. Morton Bradbury - 1992 - Bioessays 14 (1):9-16.
    During the eukaryotic cell cycle, chromosomes undergo large structural transitions and spatial rearrangements that are associated with the major cell functions of genome replication, transcription and chromosome condensation to metaphase chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells have evolved cell cycle dependent processes that modulate histone:DNA interactions in chromosomes. These are; (i) acetylations of lysines; (ii) phosphorylations of serines and threonines and (iii) ubiquitinations of lysines. All of these reversible modifications are contained in the well‐defined very basic N‐ and C‐ terminal domains of histones. (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  16.  14
    Ensuring the fidelity of recombination in mammalian chromosomes.Alan S. Waldman - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (11-12):1163-1171.
    Mammalian cells frequently depend on homologous recombination (HR) to repair DNA damage accurately and to help rescue stalled or collapsed replication forks. The essence of HR is an exchange of nucleotides between identical or nearly identical sequences. Although HR fulfills important biological roles, recombination between inappropriate sequence partners can lead to translocations or other deleterious rearrangements and such events must be avoided. For example, the recombination machinery must follow stringent rules to preclude recombination between the many repetitive elements in a (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  17. Deep Insight Section.Premature Chromosome Condensation Pcc - forthcoming - Http://Atlasgeneticsoncology. Org.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  17
    Replication protein A prevents promiscuous annealing between short sequence homologies: Implications for genome integrity.Sarah K. Deng, Huan Chen & Lorraine S. Symington - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (3):305-313.
    Replication protein A (RPA) is the main eukaryotic single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, having essential roles in all DNA metabolic reactions involving ssDNA. RPA binds ssDNA with high affinity, thereby preventing the formation of secondary structures and protecting ssDNA from the action of nucleases, and directly interacts with other DNA processing proteins. Here, we discuss recent results supporting the idea that one function of RPA is to prevent annealing between short repeats that can lead to chromosome rearrangements by microhomology‐mediated end (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  19.  38
    Chromatin loops, illegitimate recombination, and genome evolution.Omar L. Kantidze & Sergey V. Razin - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (3):278-286.
    Chromosomal rearrangements frequently occur at specific places (“hot spots”) in the genome. These recombination hot spots are usually separated by 50–100 kb regions of DNA that are rarely involved in rearrangements. It is quite likely that there is a correlation between the above‐mentioned distances and the average size of DNA loops fixed at the nuclear matrix. Recent studies have demonstrated that DNA loop anchorage regions can be fairly long and can harbor DNA recombination hot spots. We previously proposed that (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20.  15
    White gene expression, repressive chromatin domains and homeotic gene regulation in Drosophila.Vincenzo Pirrotta & Luca Rastelli - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (8):549-556.
    The use of Drosophila chromosomal rearrangements and transposon constructs involving the white gene reveals the existence of repressive chromatin domains that can spread over considerable genomic distances. One such type of domain is found in heterochromatin and is responsible for classical position‐effect variegation. Another type of repressive domain is established, beginning at specific sequences, by complexes of Polycomb Group proteins. Such complexes, which normally regulate the expression of many genes, including the homeotic loci, are responsible for silencing, white gene (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  21.  12
    Sequencing Strategies for Fusion Gene Detection.Erin E. Heyer & James Blackburn - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (7):2000016.
    Fusion genes formed by chromosomal rearrangements are common drivers of cancer. Recent innovations in the field of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) have seen a dynamic shift from traditional fusion detection approaches, such as visual characterization by fluorescence, to more precise multiplexed methods. There are many different NGS‐based approaches to fusion gene detection and deciding on the most appropriate method can be difficult. Beyond the experimental approach, consideration needs to be given to factors such as the ease of implementation, processing time, (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  22.  31
    Linkage: From Particulate to Interactive Genetics. [REVIEW]Raphael Falk - 2003 - Journal of the History of Biology 36 (1):87 - 117.
    Genetics was established on a strict particulate conception of heredity. Genetic linkage, the deviation from independent segregation of Mendelian factors, was conceived as a function of the material allocation of the factors to the chromosomes, rather than to the multiple effects (pleiotropy) of discrete factors. Although linkage maps were abstractions they provided strong support for the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Direct Cytogenetic evidence was scarce until X-ray induced major chromosomal rearrangements allowed direct correlation of genetic and cytological rearrangements. (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  23.  19
    The enemy within: An epigenetic role of retrotransposons in cancer initiation.Adam S. Wilkins - 2010 - Bioessays 32 (10):856-865.
    This article proposes that cancers can be initiated by retrotransposon (RTN) activation through changes in the transcriptional regulation of nearby genes. I first detail the hypothesis and then discuss the nature of physiological stress(es) in RTN activation; the role of DNA demethylation in the initiation and propagation of new RTN states; the connection between ageing and cancer incidence and the involvement of activated RTNs in the chromosomal aberrations that feature in cancer progression. The hypothesis neither replaces nor invalidates other (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  24.  29
    Position effect variegation and chromatin proteins.Gunter Reute & Pierre Spierer - 1992 - Bioessays 14 (9):605-612.
    Variegated phenotypes often result from chromosomal rearrangements that place euchromatic genes next to heterochromatin. In such rearrangements, the condensed structure of heterochromatin can spread into euchromatic regions, which then assume the morphology of heterochromatin and become transcriptionally inactive. In position‐effect variegation (PEV) therefore, gene inactivation results from a change in chromatin structure. PEV has been intensively investigated in the fruitfly Drosophila, where the phenomenon allows a genetic dissection of chromatin components. Consequently, many genes have been identified which, when mutated, (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  25.  5
    The role of recombinational hotspots in genome instability in mammalian cells.John P. Murnane - 1990 - Bioessays 12 (12):577-581.
    Genome instability has been associated with progression of transformed cells to high tumorigenicity. Although genome instability may result from a variety of factors, some studies suggest that DNA in the region of a chromosome rearrangement can subsequently have much higher rates of DNA deletions or gene amplification. One approach to studying the factors that produce these high rates of DNA rearrangement is by analysis of unstable integration sites for DNA transfected into mammalian cells. Integrated sequences commonly show a (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26.  9
    Wrestling off RAD51: a novel role for RecQ helicases.Leonard Wu - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (4):291-295.
    Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for the accurate repair of DNA double‐strand breaks and damaged replication forks. However, inappropriate or aberrant HR can also result in genome rearrangements. The maintenance of cell viability is, therefore, a careful balancing act between the benefits of HR (the error‐free repair of DNA strand breaks) and the potential detrimental outcomes of HR (chromosomal rearrangements). Two papers have recently provided a mechanistic insight into how HR may be tempered by RecQ helicases to prevent genome (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  27.  19
    Transposons in filamentous fungi—facts and perspectives.Frank Kempken & Ulrich Kück - 1998 - Bioessays 20 (8):652-659.
    Transposons are ubiquitous genetic elements discovered so far in all investigated prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In remarkable contrast to all other genes, transposable elements are able to move to new locations within their host genomes. Transposition of transposons into coding sequences and their initiation of chromosome rearrangements have tremendous impact on gene expression and genome evolution. While transposons have long been known in bacteria, plants, and animals, only in recent years has there been a significant increase in the number of transposable (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  28.  10
    Mammalian DNA single‐strand break repair: an X‐ra(y)ted affair.Keith W. Caldecott - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (5):447-455.
    The genetic stability of living cells is continuously threatened by the presence of endogenous reactive oxygen species and other genotoxic molecules. Of particular threat are the thousands of DNA single-strand breaks that arise in each cell, each day, both directly from disintegration of damaged sugars and indirectly from the excision repair of damaged bases. If un-repaired, single-strand breaks can be converted into double-strand breaks during DNA replication, potentially resulting in chromosomal rearrangement and genetic deletion. Consequently, cells have adopted (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  29.  29
    Genome instability: Does genetic diversity amplification drive tumorigenesis?Andrew B. Lane & Duncan J. Clarke - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (11):963-972.
    Recent data show that catastrophic events during one cell cycle can cause massive genome damage producing viable clones with unstable genomes. This is in contrast with the traditional view that tumorigenesis requires a long‐term process in which mutations gradually accumulate over decades. These sudden events are likely to result in a large increase in genomic diversity within a relatively short time, providing the opportunity for selective advantages to be gained by a subset of cells within a population. This genetic diversity (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30.  40
    Tumourigenesis: The subterfuge of selection.Roy Douglas Pearson - 1981 - Acta Biotheoretica 30 (3):171-176.
    Variation or rearrangement of regulatory genes is responsible for cellular malignant change. These types of chromosomal variations also produce heterochrony or paedomorphic evolution at the organismal level. Analogously, neoplasia represents a cellular macroevolutionary event, and a tumour can be said to be an evolved population of cells. To understand this cellular evolution to malignancy, it may be necessary to go beyond a clonal selection (adaptationist) explanation of neoplastic alteration. In the pericellular environment natural selection consists of the organizational (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  31.  25
    Vertebrate genome evolution: a slow shuffle or a big bang?Nick G. C. Smith, Robert Knight & Laurence D. Hurst - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (8):697-703.
    In vertebrates it is often found that if one considers a group of genes clustered on a certain chromosome, then the homologues of those genes often form another cluster on a different chromosome. There are four explanations, not necessarily mutually exclusive, to explain how such homologous clusters appeared. Homologous clusters are expected at a low probability even if genes are distributed at random. The duplication of a subset of the genome might create homologous clusters, as would a duplication of the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   21 citations  
  32.  21
    Monoallelic gene expression and mammalian evolution.Barry Keverne - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (12):1318-1326.
    Monoallelic gene expression has played a significant role in the evolution of mammals enabling the expansion of a vast repertoire of olfactory receptor types and providing increased sensitivity and diversity. Monoallelic expression of immune receptor genes has also increased diversity for antigen recognition, while the same mechanism that marks a single allele for preferential rearrangement also provides a distinguishing feature for directing hypermutations. Random monoallelic expression of the X chromosome is necessary to balance gene dosage across sexes. In marsupials (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  33.  8
    Role of mammalian circular DNA in cellular differentiation.Hideo Yamagishi - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (5):218-221.
    The presence of small polydisperse extrachromosomal circular (spc) DNAs composed entirely of chromosomal sequences seems to reflect the plasticity of eukaryotic genomes. The size distribution and number of spc DNAs is found to vary with development, growth state and mitotic capacity. In particular, spc DNAs are observed to be several fold smaller in established immortal cell lines than in diploid cells with a limited life span. Analysis of cloned spc DNA fragments revealed that: (1) most of the spc DNAs (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  34.  15
    Chromatin diminution in nematodes.Fritz Müller, Vincent Bernard & Heinz Tobler - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (2):133-138.
    The process of chromatin diminution in Parascaris and Ascaris is a developmentally controlled genome rearrangement, which results in quantitative and qualitative differences in DNA content between germ line and somatic cells. Chromatin diminution involves chromosomal breakage, new telomere formation and DNA degradation. The programmed elimination of chromatin in presomatic cells might serve as an alternative way of gene regulation. We put forward a new hypothesis of how an ancient partial genome duplication and chromatin diminution may have served to (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  35.  16
    The role of DNA repeats and associated secondary structures in genomic instability and neoplasia.Simon Bouffler, Andrew Silver & Roger Cox - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (6):409-412.
    Tumour‐associated genetic changes frequently involve DNA translocation or deletion. Many of these events will have arisen from initial genomic damage, induced by either the activity of endogenous metabolic processes or from exposure to environmental genotoxic agents. Although initial genomic damage will have been widely distributed, tumorigenic events are confined to certain DNA target sites. Furthermore, within these target sites there appear to be regions of preferential DNA rearrangement, and examination of these sites implies that the location and extent of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  36.  5
    Plant transposable elements.Hans-Peter Döring - 1985 - Bioessays 3 (4):164-171.
    Biochemical and genetical analysis of plant transposons has shown that these elements can induce unstable mutations and also that the transposon structure can be altered in different ways. Upon insertion, a transposon can give rise to a variety of chromosomal changes in the vicinity of the insertion site. The alterations range from the nucleotide level to large‐scale rearrangements.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37.  14
    Cancer‐associated neochromosomes: a novel mechanism of oncogenesis.Dale W. Garsed, Andrew J. Holloway & David M. Thomas - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (11):1191-1200.
    Malignant tumours are often characterised by significant rearrangement of the genome. This may be visible in the form of a deranged karyotype with both loss and gain of DNA sequences extending from chromosomal regions to whole chromosomes. In several tumour types, however, gross genomic derangements are minimal, and tumour cells contain one or more additional (supernumerary) chromosomes that may be unrecognisable in terms of a single origin. In this review we term such chromosomes cancer‐associated neochromosomes (CaNCs). In the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  38.  11
    CHRONOCRISIS: When Cell Cycle Asynchrony Generates DNA Damage in Polyploid Cells.Simon Gemble & Renata Basto - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (10):2000105.
    Polyploid cells contain multiple copies of all chromosomes. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed to sustain tissue barrier function or to increase metabolic potential and cell size. Programmed polyploidy is normally associated with terminal differentiation and poor proliferation capacity. Conversely, non‐programmed polyploidy can give rise to cells that retain the ability to proliferate. This can fuel rapid genome rearrangements and lead to diseases like cancer. Here, the mechanisms that generate polyploidy are reviewed and the possible challenges upon polyploid cell division are (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39. Rearrangement of particles: Reply to Lowe.David Lewis - 1988 - Analysis 48 (2):65-72.
  40.  3
    Y-chromosome Degeneration due to Speciation and Founder Effect.Nianqin Zhang & Yongjun Zhang - 2024 - Acta Biotheoretica 72 (2):1-16.
    The Y chromosome in the XY sex-determination system is often shorter than its X counterpart, a condition attributed to degeneration after Y recombination ceases. Contrary to the traditional view of continuous, gradual degeneration, our study reveals stabilization within large mating populations. In these populations, we demonstrate that both mutant and active alleles on the Y chromosome can reach equilibrium through a mutation-selection balance. However, the emergence of a new species, particularly through the founder effect, can disrupt this equilibrium. Specifically, if (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41.  32
    A chromosome separation checkpoint.Helder Maiato, Olga Afonso & Irina Matos - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (3):257-266.
    Here we discuss a “chromosome separation checkpoint” that might regulate the anaphase‐telophase transition. The concept of cell cycle checkpoints was originally proposed to account for extrinsic control mechanisms that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Several checkpoints have been shown to regulate major cell cycle transitions, namely at G1‐S and G2‐M. At the onset of mitosis, the prophase‐prometaphase transition is controlled by several potential checkpoints, including the antephase checkpoint, while the spindle assembly checkpoint guards the metaphase‐anaphase transition. Our hypothesis (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  42.  41
    X‐chromosome‐located microRNAs in immunity: Might they explain male/female differences?Iris Pinheiro, Lien Dejager & Claude Libert - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (11):791-802.
    In this paper, we hypothesize that X chromosome‐associated mechanisms, which affect X‐linked genes and are behind the immunological advantage of females, may also affect X‐linked microRNAs. The human X chromosome contains 10% of all microRNAs detected so far in the human genome. Although the role of most of them has not yet been described, several X chromosome‐located microRNAs have important functions in immunity and cancer. We therefore provide a detailed map of all described microRNAs located on human and mouse X (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  43.  11
    On Rearrangement Inequalities for Triangular Norms and Co-norms in Multi-valued Logic.Chai Wah Wu - 2023 - Logica Universalis 17 (3):331-346.
    The rearrangement inequality states that the sum of products of permutations of 2 sequences of real numbers are maximized when the terms are similarly ordered and minimized when the terms are ordered in opposite order. We show that similar inequalities exist in algebras of multi-valued logic when the multiplication and addition operations are replaced with various T-norms and T-conorms respectively. For instance, we show that the rearrangement inequality holds when the T-norms and T-conorms are derived from Archimedean copulas.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  44.  24
    Rearranging the Furniture.John Biro - 2020 - Philosophia 48 (1):77-81.
    According to Peter van Inwagen, there are, from the point of view of serious metaphysics, no composites, only simples. Saying that we have built a ship is a misleading way of saying that we have rearranged some simples ship- wise. However, the notion of rearranging simples is problematic, and van Inwagen’s resort to “honorary simples” does not make it less so. Simples can be rearranged only by way of rearranging these, making talk of them not merely a convenient facon de (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  45.  8
    Let Chromosomes Speak: The Cytogenetics Project at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission.Sumiko Hatakeyama - 2021 - Journal of the History of Biology 54 (1):107-126.
    Hibakusha are “witnesses” of the atomic bombings, not just in a standard sense but also in the instrumental sense. For medical and scientific experts, hibakusha are biological resources of unparalleled scientific value. Over the past seventy years, the hibakusha bodies have narrated what it means to be exposed to radiation. In this paper, I explore studies at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission that examined hibakusha bodies as sites where risk could be read. I focus on a period from the mid-1950s (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  46.  5
    Lampbrush chromosome studies in the post‐genomic era.Alla Krasikova, Veniamin Fishman & Tatiana Kulikova - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (5):2200250.
    Extraordinary extended lampbrush chromosomes with thousands of transcription loops are favorable objects in chromosome biology. Chromosomes become lampbrushy due to unusually high rate of transcription during oogenesis. However, until recently, the information on the spectrum of transcribed sequences as well as genomic context of individual chromomeres was mainly limited to tandemly repetitive elements. Here we briefly outline novel findings and future directions in lampbrush chromosome studies in the post‐genomic era. We emphasize the fruitfulness of combining genome‐wide approaches with microscopy imaging (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47.  21
    X-chromosome-located microRNAs in immunity: might they explain male/female differences?: the X chromosome-genomic context may affect X-located miRNAs and downstream signaling, thereby contributing to the enhanced immune response of females.Iris Pinheiro, Lien Dejager & Claude Libert - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (11):791-802.
    In this paper, we hypothesize that X chromosome-associated mechanisms, which affect X-linked genes and are behind the immunological advantage of females, may also affect X-linked microRNAs. The human X chromosome contains 10% of all microRNAs detected so far in the human genome. Although the role of most of them has not yet been described, several X chromosome-located microRNAs have important functions in immunity and cancer. We therefore provide a detailed map of all described microRNAs located on human and mouse X (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  48. Rearranging Parmenides: B1: 31-32 and a Case for an Entirely Negative Doxa.Jeremy C. DeLong - 2015 - Southwest Philosophy Review 31 (1):177-186.
    This essay explicates the primary interpretative import of B1: 31-32 in Parmenides poem (On Nature)—lines which have radical implications for the overall argument, and which the traditional arrangement forces into an irreconcilable dilemma. I argue that the “negative” reading of lines 31-32 is preferable, even on the traditional arrangement. This negative reading denies that a third thing is to be taught to the reader by the goddess—a positive account of how the apparent world is to be “acceptably” understood. I then (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49.  5
    Sequential Rearrangement of Information in Formation of Patterns.Amir Hossein Haji - 2021 - Foundations of Physics 51 (5):1-43.
    Beyond their conventional concepts as some outcome of the system dynamics, Patterns and their Formation are regarded here as some substantial parts in description of the dynamics and flow of information in systems. Approach to a typical geometrical problem, for instance, comprises some sequential steps where the observed information of the system is rearranged, reorganized and reformulated to reach the final result. An algebra is introduced here to begin a systematic framework for sequential approaches to geometrical problems. The type of (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  50.  20
    Chromosomes take an active role in spindle assembly.Jennifer C. Waters & Edward D. Salmon - 1995 - Bioessays 17 (11):911-914.
    The assembly of a bipolar spindle is essential for the accurate segregation of replicated chromosomes during cell division. Do chromosomes rely solely on other cellular components to regulate the assembly of the bipolar spindle or are they masters of their own fate? In the Zhang and Nicklas(1) study reviewed here, micromanipulation techniques and video microscopy were used to demonstrate the different roles that chromosome arms, kinetochores and centrosomes play in bipolar spindle assembly.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
1 — 50 / 999