Стаття присвячена проблематиці ідентифікації тюркомовних діаспор. Детально проаналізовано особливості ідентифікаційних процесів тюркомовних діаспор в українському та німецькому етносоціумі. Визначено, що в силу історичних, географічних, геополітичних, лінгвістичних чинників впливу на інтеграційні процеси діаспори в приймаючий осередок, тюркомовний етносоціум ближчий до українського, що спрощує збереження своєї культурної ідентичністі й водночас інтеграцію в місцеву спільноту українським переселенцям. На прикладі Німеччини показано, що соціальна політика окремих розвинених країн дозволила створити високоякісні умови для тюркомовної діаспори, але наявність власних ЗМІ, освітньо-культурних закладів, фінансової підтримки тільки розхолоджує, (...) сприяє відокремленному існуванню її представників у своїх гето, створює сегрегаційне співтовариство. (shrink)

Traditionally, the term ‘diaspora’ (from the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible) referred to the dispersion of the Jewish people from ancient Israel. It had a pejorative connotation, associated...

Le paradigme des diasporas peut-il répondre à la nécessité de prendre en compte les changements opérés dans le champ des migrations humaines? Elles s'inscrivent au coeur d'une dialectique entre la dispersion des migrants au sein de sociétés pluralistes et le maintien de liens concrets et spirituels avec les sociétés d'origine. Les sciences sociales ont privilégié longtemps le paradigme de la diversité. De même, l'opposition de l'option multiculturaliste à la « sociologie de l'intégration » a enfermé les débats dans une fausse (...) alternative. L'expérience des diasporas, à commencer par l'exemple juif, entre dispersion à l'infini et maintien d'une référence commune, montre que les figures migrantes évoluent aux marges d'identités prédéfinies.The paradigm of diaspora can answer the need to take into account the changes in the field of human migration? They are at the heart of a dialectic between the dispersion of migrants in pluralistic societies and maintaining links with practical and spiritual societies of origin. The social sciences have long favored the paradigm of diversity. Similarly, opposition to multiculturalism option "sociology of integration" has locked the discussion in a false alternative. The experience of diaspora, starting with the example Jewish dispersion between infinity and maintaining a common reference, the figures show that migrants move to the margins of predefined identities. (shrink)

Modern universities have largely been portrayed in the literature as an extension of nation building projects, focusing on the state as primary actor. This article challenges such presuppositions by separating ‘nation’ and ‘state’ and with a critical appropriation of diasporic subjectivity and institutions from a comparative historical perspective. The article has four themes: ‘diaspora’, ‘ethnic internationalism’, ‘stateless nations’ and ‘internationalisation’ in higher education (IHE). It illustrates these themes and their interrelationships by considering Koreans in the Japanese colonial period (1910–1945) (...) and Jews during the British Mandate for Palestine (1920–1948) and construing them as stateless nations. These two historical cases illustrate how higher education was linked to ethnonational diasporas and internationalisation in the absence of a supportive state apparatus. The paradox is that ethnic nationalism was not only compatible but often overlapped with ethnic internationalism in higher education. The conclusion of this comparative study suggests the implications for the twenty-first century and the important role of diaspora in processes of IHE then and now. (shrink)

The numberless unprecedented situations attached today to the concept of transnational diaspora arise the debate of whether or not this phenomenon signals a new era. Our own contention is that it does represent a factor of new kinds of heterogenization of both the societal reality and of the diasporas themselves, as worldwide entities. It is in this dialectic perspective that we describe transnational diasporas as causes of discontinuity in our world and point out to the qualitative change in the (...) social fabrics that they represent. Among other aspects, dual or threefold homeness that is bound to the transnational condition signifies for diasporans a slipping away from the totalistic character of the commitment and view of the nation that the nation-state requires of its citizens. When viewed in its multiplicity, the cohabitation under the same societal roof of a priori alien socio-cultural entities yields a configuration that is not uniform in every setting, but which still responds in its essentials to the new reality experienced by many a contemporary society.To illustrate this approach, this paper compares four well-known contemporary transnational diasporas—namely, the Muslim, African, Hispanic and Chinese. (shrink)

Diaspora, considered as a context for insights into Jewish identity, brings together a lively, interdisciplinary group of scholars in this innovative volume. Readers needn't expect, however, to find easy agreement on what those insights are. The concept "diaspora" itself has proved controversial; _galut, _the traditional Hebrew expression for the Jews' perennial condition, is better translated as "exile." The very distinction between diaspora and exile, although difficult to analyze, is important enough to form the basis of several essays (...) in this fine collection. "Identity" is an even more elusive concept. The contributors to _Diasporas and Exiles _explore Jewish identity—or, more accurately, Jewish identities—from the mutually illuminating perspectives of anthropology, art history, comparative literature, cultural studies, German history, philosophy, political theory, and sociology. These contributors bring exciting new emphases to Jewish and cultural studies, as well as the emerging field of diaspora studies. _Diasporas and Exiles _mirrors the richness of experience and the attendant virtual impossibility of definition that constitute the challenge of understanding Jewish identity. (shrink)

Les diasporas d'intellectuels expatriés qui émergent aujourd'hui en réponse à l'exode de compétences du sud vers le nord constituent une option nouvelle, prometteuse mais exigeante. Le monde francophone, espace de circulation de savoirs et de leurs détenteurs, constitue un milieu propice à ces dynamiques originales. Pour les réaliser, une politique éclairée et une gestion stratégique fine sont requises. La première a débuté avec succès; la seconde est maintenant indispensable.Expatriate diasporas of intellectuals that are emerging today as an answer to the (...) brain drain from the South to the North are shaping a new and promising though demanding policy option. The French speaking world, an area of in which knowledge and intellectuals circulate, is thus a favourable milieu for these original dynamics. To develop these dynamics an enlightened policy and good strategic management are required , The former has already started successfully but the latter remains essential. (shrink)

West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian. 2 vols. Turkologica, vol. 84. By andrás Róna-Tas and Árpad Berta†. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2001. Pp. x + 1494. €148.

In this essay, we will follow Tang Junyi’s lead in exploring issues related to Chinese diaspora and Chinese philosophy. While we largely endorse Tang’s call for overseas Chinese to establish themselves in their adopted lands, we will argue for a more nuanced view on the identity of Chinese people outside China: they are not marginalized individuals scattered out of “homeland” China, rather they are people legitimately established in their own respective countries. In this connection, we will also advance a (...) view of future Chinese philosophy as a world philosophy that takes roots in China as well as in the world at large. In our view, although Chinese immigrant thinkers in the past century have played a major role in promoting Chinese philosophy outside China, the importance of such a role is likely to decline along with the success of Chinese philosophy becoming a world philosophy. (shrink)

The practice of ‘diaspora missions’ is necessitated by the demographic change in the United Kingdom in the 21st century. In this paper, the ‘diaspora mission strategy’ is proposed in response to such demographic change.

Durante o período colonial, milhares de artefatos culturais foram levados do continente africano pelos europeus. Nos últimos anos, a restituição de bens culturais tem chamado atenção de teóricos, governos, órgãos internacionais e regulamentações jurídicas. Contudo, há pouca informação sobre a forma como essa realidade se apresenta e é discutida. Este ensaio é uma proposta de investigação sobre a restituição dos bens culturais retirados no contexto do colonialismo, considerando a relação de países europeus com países africanos. Trata-se de analisar a constituição (...) do regime internacional de proteção e restituição do patrimônio cultural, seus princípios, limites e possibilidades, tendo em vista alguns casos de processos restitutivos realizados a partir da década de 1990 e suas narrativas. Em meio aos debates acerca da descolonização das relações entre ex-metrópoles e ex-colônias e os efeitos ainda presentes do colonialismo, este trabalho põe em marcha uma proposta teórico-metodológica que aposta no papel da memória e sua potência no que toca ao direito humano à cultura e à identidade. Palavras-chave: Bens Culturais. Decolonialidade. Restituição. (shrink)

This paper looks at some of the missiological implications of the history, presence and ministry of diaspora Christians in Singapore and Malaysia in the 19th and early 20th century. More particularly, it considers how their lives and legacy tied together Europe, China and Southeast Asia in mission. It suggests that the global movement of people, ideas and faith is not new, but has ridden the waves of globalization for centuries if not millennia.

Taking a critical perspective on the loss of analytical categories, this article discusses the enormous proliferation of Diaspora concepts in social sciences at large, and in particular with regard to discourses on Muslims in Europe. In the era of international migration, the experience of homelessness, deriving from the loss of the myth of religio-cultural and ethno-linguistically singularity in contemporary societies, seems to become an universal phenomenon. Questions of home and belonging are key issues in the current discourses on (...) class='Hi'>Diaspora which, since the turning point of 1989, developed aggressively beyond those academic disciplines concerned with religion. (shrink)

This article elaborates a theoretical framework for making sense of Tibetans in Tibet who live as ‘exiles in their own homeland’. Placing questions of mobility at the centre of anthropological approaches to diaspora, it subjects ‘the fact of movement’ to critical scrutiny. In so doing it calls into question three fundamental assumptions of recent work in both ‘new mobilities’ and the study of diaspora more broadly: first, that people move and territory does not; second, that ‘place’ and ‘movement’ (...) are different sorts of things, and clearly distinguishable; and, third, that movement takes places only in Euclidean space. Beginning by placing recent Tibetan experiences of exile and diaspora in comparative context, it then works through recent deconstructions of the boundary between movement and place, a critique of Western ethno-epistemologies of movement, and Law and Mol’s work on social topology as theoretical orientations that might allow us to make sense of mobile homelands and diasporas in situ. (shrink)

This inquiry will be limited to an analysis of Turkic borrowings that have been attested in inscriptions found in Mongolia and southern Siberia in the period beginning around the year 700 A.D., as well as in Turkic-Uighur manuscripts, beginning around the year 900 A.D., conserved in northern Tarim (especially in the Turfan region) and in Dunhuang, which is a Chinese outpost on the main road of the silk trade. We will look only at borrowings that predate Islamization, a (...) process that developed rapidly during the eleventh century and of which some borrowings are still part of the language of the Islamic Turkish world. Although most of our study will concentrate on pre-Islamic borrowings that were fully assimilated into written words, we will will also investigate some transcriptions of foreign terms that are mentioned in various manuscripts of a theological bent (most notably of Indian, Iranian, Chinese, and Syriac origin and found in Buddhist, Manichaean, and Nestorian Christian texts) as well as words of a very technical nature. We will also look at more contemporary terms that are derived from several major semantic fields. (shrink)

Diante da crise dos refugiados observada na Europa nos últimos anos, a ideia de diáspora entrou novamente em evidência. Produções acadêmicas e pesquisas sobre a temática ganharam visibilidade, em um processo que, apesar dos acontecimentos recentes, já vem em crescente há décadas. Torna-se, assim, uma necessidade a observação do estado da arte, uma discussão sobre os avanços e os limites que a abordagem das diásporas encontrou nesses últimos anos e, particularmente, as possibilidades que ela nos reserva. Epistemologicamente, portanto, é necessário (...) lançar uma visão crítica sobre as principais abordagens e sobre os resultados das pesquisas sobre as diásporas, levantando debates e perspectivas e avanços nesse campo. O impacto e as reflexões que a temática nos abre também se tornam objeto deste ensaio, que, não pretendendo esgotar a produção acerca das diásporas, apresenta e revisita o núcleo duro dessas pesquisas. (shrink)

From the 1870s to the 1920s Poor Law institutions in England developed from destinations of last resort to significant providers of health‐care. As part of this process a general professionalisation of Poor Law work took place. The change was facilitated by wider social, philosophical and political influences in nineteenth century England. The introduction of trained nurses into the Poor Law was part of a diaspora of both ideas and people from voluntary institutions and organisations. Unrecognised in 1834, nurses eventually (...) became the most numerous class of workhouse officers. This was not accomplished without dispute and acrimony. As a group and as individuals nurses were often at the centre of disputes. Utilising a social history framework and drawing on contemporary written sources, including Poor Law and nursing journals, this paper highlights the role played by Poor Law nurses in the diffusion of values and attitudes that helped to transform the workhouse regime from one of punishment to therapy. (shrink)

The article argues that there are three senses of the term African diaspora – a continental, a cultural and a racial sense – which need to be distinguished from each other when conceptualising Black African diasporas in Europe. Although African Diaspora Studies is occupied with African diasporas in a racial sense, usually it has conceptualised these in terms of racial and cultural identities. This is also true of the past decades of African Diaspora Studies on Europe. This (...) article makes an argument for a socio-political conceptualisation of Black African diasporas in Europe that includes, but goes beyond, matters of identity and culture. (shrink)

[1] Diaspora, imagined in terms of a people that belong both to a place of departure and to a place of arrival, is implicitly transitive. Narrated in these terms, a diasporic people is defined by being in-between two places, by a transitive zone of indeterminacy. It is marked, at its arrival-place, by its belonging to another place, and thus as not fully belonging to the place; it is marked, at its departure-place, by its belonging to another place, and thus (...) as not fully belonging to the place.1 To be in-between departure and arrival is to be in-between places of belonging. This in-between is simultaneously articulated as a belonging-too-much (belonging to more... (shrink)

The proliferation of diasporas has influenced the nature of internationalization in many higher education (HE) systems and institutions, especially in terms of academic and student mobility/migration. Through a systematic review of the academic literature, I critically analyze the widespread uses of and approaches to ‘diaspora’ in HE research and its relationship to internationalization. I identify two major areas of studies and corresponding approaches to diaspora: one which frames diaspora as human capital and focusses on the role of (...) the state; and the other which frames diaspora as marginalized other and social construct. I argue that ‘diaspora’ in HE studies tends to be ambiguous, under-defined, under-theorized, and fragmented. I further argue that it is loosely connected to internationalization discourses, despite its clear connections. I posit that this is because ‘internationalization’ is associated with humanitarianism, cosmopolitanism, global citizenship and the de-centering of states, nations, ethnicities, religions, and particularistic identities. Diaspora is often associated with these latter categories and thus, is shunned. I conclude by suggesting that the blending of (often conflictual) ideas, intentions, values and identities is precisely what diaspora engages in and that the conditions of our increasingly mobile and (inter)connected world necessitate a (re)thinking of diaspora in HE scholarship. (shrink)

Durban, a coastal city in KwaZulu-Natal (one of the nine provinces in South Africa) boasts the Durban Harbour. One hundred and sixty-two years ago, this harbour was referred to as the Port of Natal. Between the year’s of 1860 and 1911, 152 184 indentured Indian labourers entered the British owned Colony of Natal through this port. Even though indentureship was officially abolished in Natal on 21 July 1911, the hardships and challenges endured by Indian nationals in Natal continued. This article (...) shines a spotlight on the period 1895–1960 through the theoretical prism of indentureship by focusing on the reflective memories of the respondent, Mr J.S. Singh, a nonagenarian. Using oral history methodology, face-to-face interviews were held with the respondent. His reflective memories brought alive the reality of life experiences in Natal between 1895 and 1960. He shared the journey of his Indian born paternal grandmother, Mrs Takurine Mahesh Singh who constitutes the cohort that left their country of birth as Indian nationals but subsequently created the Indian diaspora in Natal, where their descendants now call South Africa their home. Contribution: The content of this article is not simply described but also briefly reflected upon and explored as certain issues may be of interest to new, emerging and established oral historians. Furthermore, audio and video recordings of the interviews, which clearly illustrate oral history as the methodology as applied in this research, are available for academic, education and research purposes. (shrink)