ABSTRACT:Neuroethics, the study of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying ethical decision-making, is a growing field of study. In this review, we identify and discuss four themes emerging from neuroethics research. First, ethical decision-making appears to be distinct from other types of decision-making processes. Second, ethical decision-making entails more than just conscious reasoning. Third, emotion plays a critical role in ethical decision-making, at least under certain circumstances. Lastly, normative approaches to morality have distinct, underlying neural mechanisms. On the basis of (...) these themes, we draw implications for research in business ethics and the practice of ethics training. (shrink)

Salvador Piá Tarazona’s book, El hombre como ser dual is an important methodical-thematic advance in the research of transcendental anthropology as much as it does not detain its focus on human nature nor its development , but rather on th readicality of personal intimacy and its openness to transcendence.

Verges' manifesto argues that feminists should no longer be accomplices of capitalism, racism, colonialism and imperialism: it is time to fight the system that created the boss, built the prisons and polices women's bodies. The author grapples with the central issues in feminist debates today: from Eurocentrism and whiteness, to power, inclusion and exclusion. Delving into feminist and anti-racist histories, Verges also assesses contemporary activism, movements and struggles, including #MeToo and the Women's Strike. Centering anticolonialism and anti-racism within an intersectional (...) Marxist feminism, the book puts forward an urgent demand to free ourselves from the capitalist, imperialist forces that oppress us. --From publisher description. (shrink)

En el ámbito de la educación superior virtual de la Universidade de Vigo (UVigo, España) existe un servicio de videoconferencia masiva, integrado en el Campus Remoto, que puede emplearse para la docencia virtual; y, opcionalmente, también para la grabación automática de dichas clases en vídeos. La aparición de nuevas tecnologías como la del ultrafalso y la traducción cara a cara permitirán, además de la traducción/doblaje del audio en dicha videoclases, la manipulación de la imagen para que no se note el (...) cambio de idioma al hablar; de manera que la sincronización de labios se realice también de manera automatizada. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:At the Beginning, There was the MaskFrançoise Vergès (bio)There is a long history to be told about the links between the economy of extractivism and exhaustion, between colonialism, race, capitalism, imperialism, and breathing, which could be summarized as the "struggle against suffocation and for life." Colonialism (slavery and post-slavery), race, and capitalism are all about un-breathing, about the toxicity of social, cultural, sexual and "natural" environments, about silencing, erasing (...) voices, cutting tongues, forbidding speech, fabricating a deadly form of quietude, requiring mute consent to injustices and inequalities. They play on restricting human lungs and on colonizing the lungs of the planet. In their world, one no longer breathes freely, one can no longer finds her voice, one learns to whisper. It is not the whisper of underground resistance, of words circulating from mouth to mouth to signal where is the next refuge, the next sanctuary, the cache for arms, the false papers, the hidden routes of escape and marooning. It is the murmur of someone beaten and tortured until mad with pain, when breathing has become an ordeal.When we say, "We are suffocating" or "The air has become unbreathable!" we are not just talking of polluted air but of the feeling of living in a deleterious and asphyxiating political regime, which involves social censorship and self-censorship. Fear sets in, we only speak in hushed tones. Under such a regime, political order demands civilized speech, disciplined expression; the authorized music is "national," "military," patriarchal, or of a reinvented tradition. The joy must be measured and the words of the songs and public speech be neutral or to the glory of the regime. The authoritarian regime may even appropriate a song of freedom as its hymn, a bitter paradox where the words of freedom are confiscated to justify oppression. The body is corseted, the voice muzzled, the lungs function faintly, they transcribe our feelings in their rhythm, accelerating or slowing down. When songs and cries of freedom nonetheless arise, defying the regime of silencing and un-breathing, they sharply shatter the feeling of physical and psychic suffocation, the feeling that words remain in our throat, that our voice cannot come out. Suddenly, we catch our breath. We respire, inhale, exhale, fill our lungs. And we reconnect [End Page 54] ourselves with the etymological meaning of respire: from Latin re (again) and spirare itself from Latin spiritus "a breathing (respiration, and of the wind), breath; breath of a god," hence "inspiration; breath of life," hence "life," also "disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage" (Harper). Life, vigor, and courage, the breathing of the oppressed break down the politics of suffocation."I can't breathe" were the last words of George Floyd, not long before exhaling his last breath. When across the world, during 2020, people were shouting in many languages, "I can't breathe" using all their breath, they were, by the thousands, making their voices heard, rupturing the silencing of racism. "I can't breathe" became a breathing cry. Breathing became resistance. Singing collectively was breathing together. The song soars from thousands of breasts. The human voice, alone or collective carries an emotional force within it, vibrates sensually. But one may say, this has been, and can still be, the expression of fascism, of toxic masculinity and lynching mobs. When is breathing a revolutionary practice then? When we retrace the racial history of suffocation and breathing, of the colonial/ imperialist military noise vs. songs of freedom, of breathing as a politics toward humanizing the world. In other words, when we show how polluted air and noise are central elements in racial and gendered exploitation and how the antiracist struggle against pollution and suffocation is a struggle against racial capitalism. When we learn that recent medical research links air pollution to delayed cognitive development, stunted growth, and reduced lung capacity in children, we understand that the pretense of the universal right to childhood is a lie. Racism condemns Black, Indigenous and Brown children to premature death. According to the World Health Organization, more people are dying every year of polluted air than of any other cause. The role of air pollution in neurodegenerative diseases such as... (shrink)

Amid the growth of scholarly research on environmental workplace behaviors, two limitations stand out. First, there has been scant research on the cross‐level effects of organizational‐level determinants on individual employee environmental behaviors using a methodologically appropriate multilevel analytic approach. Second, there has been an overwhelming focus on voluntary, as opposed to task‐related, employee environmentally friendly behaviors. In addressing these limitations, this field study (N = 615 U.S.‐based employees nested in 51 organizations) makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature, (...) specifically by linking the dimensions of organizational‐level environmental orientation with individual‐level employee environmental in‐role (i.e., task‐related) behaviors using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that organizational internal environmental orientation is positively related to employee recycling behavior. Managerial status exerts a moderating effect, such that the positive relationship between internal environmental orientation and energy‐saving behavior is stronger among managers than among non‐managers. Furthermore, an organization's external environmental orientation has an unequivocal positive relationship only with employee energy‐saving behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. (shrink)

Normative and historical arguments support the idea that religion potentially shapes decisions to support fair trade products. That said, the question of how religion influences organizational decision-makers to purchase fair trade products in a business-to-business context has remained largely unaddressed. This research examines the interactive effect of individual religious commitment and contextual religious salience on an individual’s willingness to pay a price premium for a fair trade product, when buying on behalf of an organization. Findings from two experimental studies reveal (...) that the effect of a decision-maker’s religious commitment on his or her willingness to pay a price premium, for the purchase of a fair trade product on behalf of an organization, is moderated by the contextual salience of religion. Specifically, when religion is highly salient in the organizational context, religious commitment is positively related to the decision-maker’s willingness to pay a premium for the fair trade product; when contextual religious salience is low, religious commitment and willingness to pay a premium are unrelated. Implications for theory and practice are presented. (shrink)

Contra quienes suponen que no existe hoy una moral universal válida, o bien que ésta se genera sólo cómo un proceso de transacciones sociales, económicas o políticas asimétricas, este ensayo sostiene que tales transacciones generan unas estructura (en la modernidad) que su vez fomentan el universalismo moral. Se argumenta que hay una sociogénesis de la moral en las sociedades pluralistas de nuestro tiempo, pero es indirecta. En efecto, la urdimbre moral de la modernidad está basada en la estructura social de (...) la libertad y en el hecho de que la naturaleza humana es universal, a pesar de las variaciones locales, culturales y económicas, por un lado, y el surgimiento de un interés común mundializado basado en principios de fraternidad, igualdad de género y sostenibilidad ambiental, por otro. La incipiente aparición de una sociedad civil mundial y de derechos civiles transnacionales es señal de ello. Por consiguiente, el ensayo se presenta como alternativa tanto a las concepciones comunitaristas (relativistas) y a la sociologización de la ética, como a los desmanes del utilitarismo y del consecuencialismo contemporáneos. (shrink)

Spatial aspects of words are associated with their canonical locations in the real world. Yet little research has tested whether spatial associations denoted in language comprehension generalize to their corresponding images. We directly tested the spatial aspects of mental imagery in picture and word processing (Experiment 1). We also tested whether spatial representations of motion words produce similar perceptual-interference effects as demonstrated by object words (Experiment 2). Findings revealed that words denoting an upward spatial location produced slower responses to targets (...) appearing at the top of the display, whereas words denoting a downward spatial location produced slower responses to targets appearing at the bottom of the display. Perceptual-interference effects did not obtain for pictures or for words lacking a spatial relation. These findings provide greater empirical support for the perceptual-symbols system theory (Barsalou, 1999, 2008). (shrink)

In recent years, Frantz Fanon has become a major figure for theorists and artists working on the connections between race, representation, colonialism, and humanism in the English speaking world. It is not the case in France where the debate around race remains heavily indebted to an abstract universalism which tends to obscure the long history of race’s presence in French thought. Looking at the figure of the slave, Françoise Vergès explores its presence and absence in Fanon’s Black Skin, Whites Masks, (...) and in French philosophical and cultural discourse. She reads this presence/absence as a symptom of the incapacity to integrate race as essential in the elaboration of political discourse, and as a wish to deny how the imperial and colonial past continues to shape political life. This denial feeds the illusion that France has been disconnected from its imperial past, reducing racism to the machinations of strictly economic life. Françoise Vergès argues that we need to reintegrate the figure of the slave if we wish to go beyond race as a symbolic marker and explores what anti-colonialits thinkers used to call a new post-racial humanism. (shrink)

Cumulative evidence points to the effectiveness of moral dilemma discussion as a pedagogical strategy. However, much of the extant empirical research has been limited to investigating its effect on moral judgment. In addition, the potentially distinct effects of the two major components of the intervention, the intrapersonal contemplation and the interpersonal discussion that follows, have been barely examined. Using the Trolley Problem, this quasi-experimental study (N = 115) examined the effectiveness of moral dilemma discussion and of intrapersonal moral dilemma contemplation (...) in promoting prosocial intentions among individuals in the context of a product-harm situation. The results confirm that moral dilemma discussion positively influences some forms of prosocial intentions. The results also suggest that moral dilemma discussion is not necessarily more effective than intrapersonal moral dilemma contemplation in promoting prosocial intentions. (shrink)

1. Una historia de la filosofía en Roma -- 2. Once estudios sobre teoría de la historia, política y estética.

In the first volume of his recently published Antropología trascendental, Leonardo Polo proposes a transcendental distinction between metaphysics (understood as the study of the cosmos) and anthropology (understood as the study of the human being). In his view, these two sciences study distinct types of acts of being; the former studies the act of being of the physical universe (that is, the act of persistence), while the latter studies the act of being of the human person (that is, the act (...) of co-existence). On the assumption that reality is distinguished by its various acts of being, Polo argues that anthropology can be properly labeled transcendental even though the traditional transcendentals of metaphysics (ens, unum, res, aliquid, verum, bonum, and pulchrum) differ from those of anthropology. The transcendentals of the human person are personal co-existence, personal freedom, personal intellection, and personal love. Co-existence, freedom, intellection, and love are transcendentals that are convertible with the act of being of the human being, because this act is personal, but not with the act of being of the cosmos, which is not personal. (shrink)

Mediante la discusión de un artículo del musicólogo Carlos Villanueva, tomado como paradigma de un determinado tipo de discurso, problematizamos la noción de interpretación histórica para confrontar al historicismo sonoro no una lúcida crítica presentista sino un enfoque actualista capaz de contraponerse con solidez filosófica y artística a las prácticas museísticas del historicismo musicológico típicamente basado en una pretensión de objetivismo sonoro supuestamente respaldada por las disciplinas historiográficas. Esta expansión hermenéuticamente actualista, tanto de la noción de autenticidad como de fidelidad (...) a la intención del compositor, fundamentaría prácticas interpretativas que acercasen mejor el repertorio histórico al oyente actual sin el lastre del canon estético típicamente imperante en las salas de concierto. Porque, ¿y si mediante un enfoque actualizador novedoso la labor interpretativa del repertorio histórico musical lograse comunicar mejor a la idiosincrasia social actual las grandes obras del pasado sin renunciar a un rigor de adecuación estilística ni traicionar, o incluso preservando mejor aún, la intención del compositor? (shrink)

Many issues in ethics arise in relation to the contexts in which psychologists work. However, most ethical decision-making models reproduce the way in which psychologists tend to approach ethics by focusing on ethical dilemmas and proposing a step-by-step response to deal with them. Although these models might be useful, their emphasis on reactive approaches and their lack of contextualization constitute significant limitations on their applicability. In this article, an approach to ethical decision making that highlights the importance of the context (...) in developing proactive strategies to solve ethical issues is proposed. This approach is further explained through its application to medical and rural settings. The implications of these suggestions to the training in ethics are finally discussed. (shrink)

The psychological study of reasoning with quantifiers has predominantly focused on inference patterns studied by Aristotle about two millennia ago. Modern logic has shown a wealth of inference patterns involving quantifiers that are far beyond the expressive power of Aristotelian syllogisms, and whose psychology should be explored. We bring to light a novel class of fallacious inference patterns, some of which are so attractive that they are tantamount to cognitive illusions. In tandem with recent insights from linguistics that quantifiers like (...) “some” are treated as wh-questions, these illusory inferences are predicted by the erotetic theory of reasoning, which postulates that a process akin to question asking and answering is behind human inference making. (shrink)

Onze ans après Voyage au bout d'une vie, parallèlement réédité, Bertrand Vergely entreprend un nouveau livre sur la mort. Ce nouveau récit, philosophique, prend la forme d'une pérégrination entre un voyage et une promenade, où il parle des rencontres faites à propos de la mort et de la vie, des choses qu'il a été amené à les formuler au sujet de l'euthanasie ou du suicide, des cours donnés sur la question de la mort. Dans ces réflexions il a voulu entremêler (...) le réel et la pensée parce qu'il ne voit pas comment penser la mort autrement. Quand on est en face de l'abîme qu'elle représente, c'est en parlant du réel pensé qu'on la vit de la façon la plus juste. En fait, cette pérégrination tente de raconter comment un philosophe est amené à rencontrer les questions de la mort, de l'euthanasie et du suicide. C'est en quelque sorte le récit d'une rencontre entre la pensée et la mort. Dans ce nouveau livre, Bertrand Vergely a voulu rassembler les expériences auxquelles il a été confronté ces dix dernières années à partir de rencontres, de témoignages et d'expériences. (shrink)

La digitalización en la educación, acelerada por el reciente confinamiento por COVID-19, muestra que una alta proporción del aprendizaje está fuera de las aulas y que no es posible un retorno pos-pandémico a un estado anterior en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje. Así, siendo el objetivo documentar cómo el avance de la tecnología educativa cambió la docencia, se propone: (i) llevar el constructo de modalidades educativas por plan de estudios a un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje híbrido: con mediación digital y (...) mediación docente; (ii) y para ello, los participantes deberán asumir responsabilidades en la conducción de la nueva realidad educativa. (shrink)

En este artículo pretendemos definir el concepto mismo de «biopolítica» en su originaria significación foucaultiana. Para ello, pondremos en relación diferentes aspectos de la obra de Michel Foucault, con el fin de aclarar ciertos elementos no exentos de dificultad interpretativa. A continuación, trazaremos un breve recorrido histórico a través de las distintas formas de «biopolítica» que han ido sucediéndose a lo largo de los últimos doscientos años, a fin de justificar nuestra visión discontinuista de la historia, y deslegitimar así la (...) conocida como «hipótesis de la sofistificación progresiva» de las tecnologías de poder. (shrink)

En este artículo realizamos tres cosas. En primer lugar presentamos el ideal turístico de la autenticidad. En segundo lugar, nos preguntamos cómo se originó el ideal en cuanto tal –qué fuentes o ideas lo alimentaron. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, nos planteamos si el ideal turístico de la autenticidad es un ideal viable, verosímil, factible. A este respecto destacamos dos conjuntos de dificultades. A las primeras las llamamos _intrínsecas_, debido a que afectan a la misma idea de autenticidad. A las segundas (...) las llamamos _extrínsecas_, debido a que tienen que ver no tanto con el concepto mismo de autenticidad como con las condiciones o circunstancias económicas y sociales en las que el turismo despliega el ideal de autenticidad. (shrink)

La loi dite loi Taubira fut votée le 10 mai 2001 par les élus de la République. L’article 1 de cette loi précisait : « La République française reconnaît que la traite négrière transatlantique et l’ esclavage perpétrés à partir du XVe siècle contre les populations africaines déportées en Europe, aux Amériques et dans l’océan Indien constituent un crime contre l’humanité.

El liberalisme polític és la ideologia o tradició política dominant de les nostres democràcies occidentals. Ho és tant des del punt de vista històric, pel que fa a les seves conquestes institucionals, com des del punt de vista del pensament, pel.

During the Algerian struggle, Fanon warned us about the influence on politics of ‘the few European colonialists, powerful, intractable, those who have at all times instigated repressions, broken the French democrats, blocked every endeavor within the colonial framework to introduce a modicum of democracy into Algeria’. Is this remark still pertinent? How does Frantz Fanon help us understand current reactionary politics in France? Is his analysis of the French Left still pertinent? How does colonial discourse weigh on the postcolonial present? (...) In this article, I explore current expressions of French postcolonial reactionary politics focusing on an event in Reunion Island, a French postcolonial territory. I argue that it is important to observe what is happening in French postcolonial territories because they remain laboratories for repressive policies and discourses. What I call the discourse of ‘French Algeria’, a mix of revisionist history, resentment, wounded narcissism and racism, embodies a political trend that seeks to counter the small progress made in rewriting history from the point of view of the colony in France. (shrink)

O trabalho que apresentamos é a tradução do párodo da tragédia euripidiana As Suplicantes, uma tradução semântica, acompanhada de uma introdução em que abordamos algumas linhas gerais sobre o párodo e a estética e função do ritual fúnebre contido nele.