In the present work I am interested in addressing a specific aspect within the conceptual problem that poena naturalis implies. In other words, here I will answer the question about what is the poena naturalis. We can be recognized three theories: one that affirms that the poena naturalis is a compensation for culpability, another according to which the poena naturalis is the product of clemency or compassion, and the last that defends that (...) the principles of legality, proportionality and rationality allow justifying the poena naturalis. I will stop at each one of them in order to carry out a critical examination that will allow me to conclude which is the conception that best supports natural punishment. (shrink)

El trabajo consiste en una elucidación de los elementos que conforman el concepto de pena natural (poena naturalis) en el Derecho penal. Se puede caracterizar la pena natural como el daño o sufrimiento que recae sobre el autor de un delito, producto de la comisión del mismo, que debe ser descontado de la pena legal que ha de aplicársele. Si bien existe un mínimo acuerdo sobre esto, tanto en la jurisprudencia como en la doctrina penal se observan serios (...) desacuerdos acerca de los requisitos que se deben cumplir para reconocer que se está frente a una pena natural. Para elucidar los elementos, se utilizará el constructivismo conceptual de Ronald Dworkin, a fin de describir el desacuerdo y sus implicancias, reconocer los elementos principales de la pena natural y justificarlos bajo su mejor luz moral. ABSTRACT This study focuses on the clarification of the conceptual elements of poena naturalis in criminal law settings. The poena naturalis is the damage or suffering that falls on the convict for its commission. This damage must be deducted from the poena forensis to be applied. Although there is a minimum agreement about the concept of poena naturalis, in the jurisprudence and among legal scholars, there are serious disagreements about the elements of poena naturalis. To elucidate the elements, I will adopt Ronald Dworkin’s conceptual constructivism to describe the disagreement and its implications. At last, I will justify the main elements of the poena naturalis by their best moral light. (shrink)

La pena natural es una situación paradójica que se puede presentar cuando el autor de un delito, al cometerlo o a causa de éste, ha sufrido un daño igual o mayor al que padecería si el juez de la causa le aplicara la pena estatal prevista para tal conducta. Se da con frecuencia al juzgar ciertos accidentes viales, cuando el acusado ya carga el peso de ser quien, por imprudencia, mató a su pareja o familiar cercano, por ejemplo. Pero ¿en (...) qué situaciones y cómo cabe recurrir a la pena natural? En esta investigación, Manuel Serrano explora las diversas aristas y posturas en pugna que atraviesan este tema, donde se cruzan cuestiones como la idea de la “culpa compensada”, la prohibición de aplicar castigo doble por un mismo hecho (non bis in idem) y la clemencia judicial. El autor desmonta la estructura conceptual de la pena natural, estudia jurisprudencia argentina y recorre producciones teóricas de juristas que se han preocupado por este asunto complejo, profundo y poco abordado del derecho penal. (shrink)

Multiple viewpoints have been expressed regarding the principle nulla poena sine lege. Some scholars advocate the inviolability of this maxim because it safeguards personal freedom—an opportunity to do everything not prohibited by law. However, its critics assert that rigid adherence to the principle nulla poena sine lege may do more harm than good. They argue that the maxim, while prohibiting judges from punishing non-criminal acts, makes it impossible for courts to deter them in a timely manner, which, in (...) certain cases, may have a detrimental effect on society. To determine the correct approach to nulla poena sine lege, the paper considers its history in continental criminal law and then analyses the principle theoretically. The examination reveals that two contradictory interests—the need to safeguard personal freedom and the need to combat lawful, yet socially harmful, acts through judicial punishment—cannot be completely ignored in practice. Therefore, the findings suggest a balancing between these interests and propose a way to achieve this compromise. (shrink)

This article examines Augustine’s anti-Donatist claim that it is not the punishment but the cause that makes a martyr. Augustine’s non poena sed causa argument arises as part of the larger rhetoric of martyrdom that recent scholarship has highlighted in late antiquity. I argue here that a more specific look at classical rhetorical techniques can provide a better understanding of what Augustine is up to in his particular rhetoric of martyrdom. To that end, after providing an overview of North (...) African martyr discourse, I turn to forensic rhetoric and issue theory as described in Cicero and Quintilian. I show that two types of forensic arguments—one on the issue of definition and other on the contested interpretation of a legal text—shaped Augustine’s non poena sed causa approach to the Donatists’ claims to be the church of the martyrs. (shrink)

Israel Gottlieb Canz’ im Jahre 1742 erschienene Theologia naturalis thetico-polemica ist die erste von drei Abhandlungen dieses Autors über natürliche Theologie. Diese ist bei ihm als eine Art Vorbereitung für die „theologia sublimior“ (die geoffenbarte Theologie) zu verstehen. Die Theologia naturalis hat bei Canz als eine theologia thetica eine darlegende und beweisende Funktion. Dahinter steht eine programmatische These, nämlich dass sie als alleinige Erlöserin des Menschen von seinen Sünden nicht ausreicht. Vielmehr soll durch sie die Notwendigkeit des Weges (...) zur Versöhnung aufgezeigt werden; den Weg selber zu erforschen steht ihr nicht zu. Canz’ natürliche Theologie ist auch eine theologia polemica. Gleich in der Praefatio präzisiert der Verfasser, dass er die Systeme der Gegner, ihre Argumente usw. darlegen und sie analysieren und diskutieren werde. Dies erfolgt aber im Hinblick auf den eigenen Diskurs bzw. im Ausgang von diesem, der sich in Konformität mit der geoffenbarten Theologie weiß. Canz gehört zur ersten Generation „Wolffscher Theologen“, bewahrt sich aber eine gewisse Unabhängigkeit gegenüber Topoi der Wolffschen Philosophie und geht durchaus eigene Wege. Dies im Einzelnen nachzuweisen, gehört zu den zahlreichen Forschungsdesideraten im Hinblick auf die Philosophie des 18. Jahrhunderts. Israel Gottlieb Canz’s Theologia naturalis thetico-polemica, published in 1742 is the first of three works by this author on natural theology, which in his case should be understood as a kind of preparation for the ‘theologia sublimior’ (revealed theology). In Canz’s work, theologia naturalis has the expository and substantiating function of a theologia thetica. Behind this stands a programmatic thesis, namely that theology alone is not sufficient to redeem mankind from its sins. Instead, the necessity of a path to reconciliation must be demonstrated; it is not the role of theology itself to seek that path. Canz’s natural theology is also a theologia polemica. In the preface the author states that he will explain, analyse and discuss his opponents’ systems, arguments etc. However, he does this with reference to his own discourse, or rather taking that discourse, which is recognised as conforming with revealed theology, as a starting point. Canz belongs to the first generation of ‘Wolffian theologians’, but retains a certain independence from the topoi of Wolffian philosophy and follows paths which are entirely his own. A detailed examination of these is one of the many desiderata for researchers engaging with the philosophy of the 18th century. (shrink)

A revitalized practice of natural philosophy can help people to live a better life and promote a flourishing ecosystem. Such a philosophy is natural in two senses. First, it is natural by seeking to understand the whole of nature, including mental phenomena. Thus, a comprehensive natural philosophy should address the phenomena of sentience by embracing first- and second-person methods of investigation. Moreover, to expand our understanding of the world, natural philosophy should embrace a full panoply of explanations, similar to Aristotle’s (...) four causes. Second, such a philosophy is natural by being grounded in human nature, taking full account of human capacities and limitations. Future natural philosophers should also make use of all human capacities, including emotion and intuition, as well as reason and perception, to investigate nature. Finally, since the majority of our brain’s activities are unconscious, natural philosophy should explore the unconscious mind with the aim of deepening our relation with the rest of nature and of enhancing well-being. (shrink)

Since 1923 the Sammlung Tusculum has published authoritative editions of Greek and Latin works together with a German translation. The original texts are comprehensively annotated, and feature an introductory chapter. In the new volumes, additional essays delve into specific aspects of the works, illuminating their historical context and reception to the present day. The high academic quality of the new editions together with clearly written essays and annotations make the Sammlung Tusculum essential reading for students who are discovering an ancient (...) author for the first time as well as professional scholars who would like to gain a deeper understanding of specific aspects of a given work. Moreover, the series is ideal for lay readers who would like to engage with antiquity through a reliable German translation. The series contains over 270 titles, available in print and eBook editions, making previously out-of-print titles and rarities available again for the first time. In order to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the series, De Gruyter is proud to present Tusculum Online, an eBook package which contains all titles that appeared between 1923 and 2013 - a fitting tribute to an important part of German publishing history. For more information, please see www.degruyter.com/tusculum. (shrink)

" Au gre des rangements a perte de vue de ma bibliotheque, j'ai fini par mettre ensemble Heraclite, Zhuangzi, Goethe, Nietzsche, Thoreau, Bachelard et Rimbaud. Leur point commun, c'est la comprehension (" prendre avec ") de la nature, qui leur donne l'image la plus sensee de l'existence : pour mesurer notre place dans l'univers, il faut d'abord entendre la place de l'univers en nous. Or cette imbrication semble oubliee voire gommee par la plupart des systemes philosophiques. Faut-il voir la quelque (...) rapport avec la destruction acceleree de la planete ou, parallelement, avec le manque d'enthousiasme general qui nous gagne? La nature, il en reste encore assez pour s'en meler. Alors, decouvrons le secret des vieilles cosmogonies et sollicitons nos auteurs un par un, les litterateurs et les visionnaires, la poignee de philosophes interesses, puis les erudits de l'ecologie si pleins de verdeur - afin de moissonner les recettes d'une attitude plus confortable. Elles risquent de surprendre. Car, a force de cerner l'intelligence du monde, on va voir que c'est un mystere a double tranchant. ". (shrink)

Libertarianism deals with what the law should be. In this article, we focus on what the appropriate law to punish criminals should be in a libertarian society; that is, one that respects the Non-Aggression Principle and property rights. We examine various theories of punishment and explain why some are incompatible with libertarianism. We contribute to the latest libertarian theory of punishment suggesting the necessity to take time preference into consideration. We conclude stating a limit and a limitation to libertarian punishment (...) theories. (shrink)

: The aim of this article is to explore the origin of the difficulty of founding the reflecting power of judgment as Kant outlines it in the Preface of the third Critique. Although a foundation for this faculty was only established in 1790, we must interpret it as a critical solution to an old problem, which Kant had already recognized around 1770. Through his comprehension of the meaning of healthy understanding and native wit he already confirms the impossibility of determining (...) the correctness of our judging activity from the use of rules. This approach of the problem must be understood in the context of the controversy about the concept ‘logica naturalis’ in the Leibniz-Wolffian aesthetics and logic. In close conjunction with this tradition, Kant already tries to offer an elucidation of the question of judging through the aesthetics. (shrink)

C. Plinius Secundus (23 bis 79 n. Chr.) war Offizier, Staatsmann, der Vertraute römischer Kaiser, Universalgelehrter, Fachschriftsteller und ein eigenwilliger Stilist. Von den zahlreichen Schriften des älteren Plinius sind nur die 37 Bücher seiner "Naturalis Historia" erhalten. Die letzte deutsche Übersetzung des Gesamtwerkes ist mehr als hundert Jahre alt. Die zweisprachige Tusculum-Ausgabe stellt dem lateinischen Text eine moderne Übersetzung mit einem reichhaltigen Sach-Kommentar gegenüber. "Diese Enzyklopädie des gesamten naturkundlichen Wissen des Altertums wurde von Plinius aus griechischen und römischen Quellen (...) zusammengestellt und nach Sachgruppen geordnet. Sie bedeutet eine Grundlage naturwissenschaftlicher Lehre bis weit ins 19. Jahrhundert und ist ein unerschöpfliches Nachschlagewerk zu Kunst, Geographie, Astronomie, Biologie, Pharmazie und Medizin der Antike." Helvetia archaeologia. (shrink)

C. Plinius Secundus (23 bis 79 n. Chr.) war Offizier, Staatsmann, der Vertraute romischer Kaiser, Universalgelehrter, Fachschriftsteller und ein eigenwilliger Stilist. Von den zahlreichen Schriften des alteren Plinius sind nur die 37 Bucher seiner "Naturalis Historia" erhalten. Die letzte deutsche Ubersetzung des Gesamtwerkes ist mehr als hundert Jahre alt. Die zweisprachige Tusculum-Ausgabe stellt dem lateinischen Text eine moderne Ubersetzung mit einem reichhaltigen Sach-Kommentar gegenuber. "Diese Enzyklopadie des gesamten naturkundlichen Wissen des Altertums wurde von Plinius aus griechischen und romischen Quellen (...) zusammengestellt und nach Sachgruppen geordnet. Sie bedeutet eine Grundlage naturwissenschaftlicher Lehre bis weit ins 19. Jahrhundert und ist ein unerschopfliches Nachschlagewerk zu Kunst, Geographie, Astronomie, Biologie, Pharmazie und Medizin der Antike." Helvetia archaeologia. (shrink)

Uma das formas de aplicação de penas na Roma Antiga passava pela encenação na arena de narrativas mitológicas, cujos protagonistas – como Ícaro, Dirce, Pasífae, Átis e Hércules – não tinham um final feliz. Essas personagens eram interpretadas por condenados, que desse modo reviviam em tempo real as histórias fatais que por certo proporcionavam espectáculos e experiências marcantes na sociedade romana antiga. Este estudo analisa as fontes que dão conta deste fenómeno sociocultural e propõe uma leitura histórico-sociológica para a compreensão (...) desta vivência colectiva da justiça na Antiguidade Clássica. (shrink)

Studie se zabývá problematikou renesančních historiae naturalis, zejména potom vztahem, který v tomto žánru zaujímala empirie a tradiční vědění. Článek analyzuje rozdíly mezi historiae naturalis Starého světa (Gessner, Aldrovandi) a světa Nového (Oviedo, Hernández). Hlavním cílem textu je charakterizovat specifika těchto dvou typů „přírodní historie“ a stejně tak ukázat jejich podobnosti a poukázat na „zdánlivé paradoxy“.

Mit dem Begriff des „natürlichen Willens“ wird in der Medizin- und Pflegeethik auf das Phänomen rekurriert, dass Patienten in Grenzsituationen auch unterhalb der Ebene reflektierter verbaler Willensbekundung Präferenzen und Erwartungen zum Ausdruck bringen können, deren normativer Status insbesondere dann strittig sein kann, wenn die „natürliche“ Willensbekundung in Konflikt mit früheren eigenen Festlegungen in einem „vorausverfügten Willen“ geraten. Der aktuellen Tendenz, dem „autonomen“ Willen dabei den Vorrang gegenüber dem „natürlichen“ Willen zuzusprechen, steht dabei eine andere Tendenz im Betreuungsrecht gegenüber, die sich (...) inzwischen verstärkt zugunsten einer Beachtlichkeit des „natürlichen Willens“ Geltung verschafft hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, dass eine Lösung der hier auftretenden Streitfragen leichter herbeigeführt werden kann, wenn man sich auf die Differenzierungen besinnt, die eine inzwischen mehr als 2000-jährige Begriffsgeschichte des „natürlichen Willens“ entfaltet hat. Dabei wird zum einen deutlich, dass es unterschiedliche Konzeptionen des „natürlichen Willens“ gibt, die von naturalistischen Deutungen bis zu theologischen Dimensionen des Begriffs reichen. Zugleich wird es möglich, zwischen dem natürlichen und dem freien Willen nicht notwendig eine strikte Opposition zu sehen, sondern eine Komplementarität zu denken, die der menschlichen Ganzpersonalität besser gerecht wird als Reduktionismen aller Art. Insbesondere stellt sich die Frage, ob der natürliche Wille nicht als ein auf Autonomie hin gerichtetes Wollen verstanden werden kann, in dem sich eine ursprüngliche Selbstbejahung des Individuums vollzieht. (shrink)

Recent research has shown that the use of astronomy as a chronological problem-solving tool has deep roots in the scholarly practices of the Latin Middle Ages, as is manifest from the writings of Marianus Scotus, Gerland, and other “critical computists” of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. This essay enlarges the existing picture by introducing a hitherto unknown epistolary treatise of the mid-twelfth century. Written in Lotharingia in 1144, this poorly preserved work documents an attempt to reconstruct the timeline of world (...) history via techniques that had emerged within the Latin computus tradition prior to the advent of Greco-Arabic astronomy. Drawing on the so-called computus naturalis, the author performed lunar computations on the basis of observed eclipses and used them to propose new dates for the Creation and the Last Supper. He also relied on a revised estimate of the time and date of the vernal equinox, placing it on 16 March, and gave a detailed account of how this result can be derived from solar observations with a meridian line. By virtue of these methodological features, the Chronology of 1144 represents an important transitional stage between the “critical computists” and the use of eclipse-based dating methods by later scholars such as Giles of Lessines (fl. 1260). (shrink)

Philosophical debates on punishment mainly - and exhaustively - revolve around the traditional dipole “retribution - deterrence”; or, lately, seek for some alternative counterproposal (e. g. the contemporary topic of “restorative justice”). In all sides of the debates, Kant is standardly depicted as the advocate of a traditional, outmost punitive theory of justice; the kind of heritage modern-day “retributivists” seek to reassess, while “preventive” or “restorative” justice defenders aim to abandon. In the present paper, we intend to scrutinize Kant’s own (...) views on crime and punishment, as an integral part of his overall legal-practical philosophy; and, by doing so, to address that Kant is not at all the blind retributivist the above theorists perceive; what is more, he sets a philosophical framework that is able to overcome the flaws of all three, standard conceptions of criminal justice (retributive, preventive and restorative). Finally, in the light of the above, we bring forth the aspects of this Kantian framework, that are useful in assessing current legal systems and required legal reforms. (shrink)

Since 1923 the Sammlung Tusculum has published authoritative editions of Greek and Latin works together with a German translation. The original texts are comprehensively annotated, and feature an introductory chapter. In the new volumes, additional essays delve into specific aspects of the works, illuminating their historical context and reception to the present day. The high academic quality of the new editions together with clearly written essays and annotations make the Sammlung Tusculum essential reading for students who are discovering an ancient (...) author for the first time as well as professional scholars who would like to gain a deeper understanding of specific aspects of a given work. Moreover, the series is ideal for lay readers who would like to engage with antiquity through a reliable German translation. The series contains over 270 titles, available in print and eBook editions, making previously out-of-print titles and rarities available again for the first time. In order to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the series, De Gruyter is proud to present Tusculum Online, an eBook package which contains all titles that appeared between 1923 and 2013 - a fitting tribute to an important part of German publishing history. For more information, please see www.degruyter.com/tusculum. (shrink)

Seit der Entdeckung der Rotverschiebung der Spektren weit entfernter Galaxien durch den US-amerikanischen Astrophysiker Edwin Hubble im Jahre 1924 gilt es als eine gut gesicherte Hypothese, daß der Kosmos, jedenfalls soweit er unserer Beobachtung bisher zugänglich ist, andauernd expandiert. Diese wiederum führt zu der Annahme eines Zustandes, von dem die Expansion ihren Ausgang nahm. Viele Versuche, unter diesem Gesichtspunkt und bei sorgfältigster Beachtung aller relevanten Faktoren einen Blick in die kosmische Vergangenheit zu werfen, lassen eine «Anfangssingularität» vermuten, mit welcher die (...) bislang erschlossene Entwicklung des Universums begann, auch «Urknall» genannt. Die «Urknall-Hypothese» fand dann noch eine wichtige Stütze, als man eine kosmische Hintergrundstrahlung entdeckte, die sich als Relikt des Ursprungvorganges verstehen läßt. (shrink)

This paper has the aim to provide a general view of the so called Jesuit Edition (hereafter JE) of Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1739–1742). This edition was conceived to explain all Newton’s methods through an apparatus of notes and commentaries. Every Newton’s proposition is annotated. Because of this, the text – in four volumes – is one of the most important documents to understand Newton’s way of reasoning. This edition is well known, but systematic works on it are (...) still missing. We are going to fill this gap by means of a project exposed in the final remarks of this paper. In this paper we will: A) expound the way in which the notes and the additions to the JE were conceived by the commentators; B) provide some pieces of information about the commentators; C) summarize the most important of their notes; D) examine closely their notes as to a particularly important question: the so called "inverse problem of the central forces". (shrink)

Seit der Entdeckung der Rotverschiebung der Spektren weit entfernter Galaxien durch den US-amerikanischen Astrophysiker Edwin Hubble im Jahre 1924 gilt es als eine gut gesicherte Hypothese, daß der Kosmos, jedenfalls soweit er unserer Beobachtung bisher zugänglich ist, andauernd expandiert. Diese wiederum führt zu der Annahme eines Zustandes, von dem die Expansion ihren Ausgang nahm. Viele Versuche, unter diesem Gesichtspunkt und bei sorgfältigster Beachtung aller relevanten Faktoren einen Blick in die kosmische Vergangenheit zu werfen, lassen eine «Anfangssingularität» vermuten, mit welcher die (...) bislang erschlossene Entwicklung des Universums begann, auch «Urknall» genannt. Die «Urknall-Hypothese» fand dann noch eine wichtige Stütze, als man eine kosmische Hintergrundstrahlung entdeckte, die sich als Relikt des Ursprungvorganges verstehen läßt. (shrink)

Since 1923 the Sammlung Tusculum has published authoritative editions of Greek and Latin works together with a German translation. The original texts are comprehensively annotated, and feature an introductory chapter. In the new volumes, additional essays delve into specific aspects of the works, illuminating their historical context and reception to the present day. The high academic quality of the new editions together with clearly written essays and annotations make the Sammlung Tusculum essential reading for students who are discovering an ancient (...) author for the first time as well as professional scholars who would like to gain a deeper understanding of specific aspects of a given work. Moreover, the series is ideal for lay readers who would like to engage with antiquity through a reliable German translation. The series contains over 270 titles, available in print and eBook editions, making previously out-of-print titles and rarities available again for the first time. In order to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the series, De Gruyter is proud to present Tusculum Online, an eBook package which contains all titles that appeared between 1923 and 2013 - a fitting tribute to an important part of German publishing history. For more information, please see www.degruyter.com/tusculum. (shrink)

Since 1923 the Sammlung Tusculum has published authoritative editions of Greek and Latin works together with a German translation. The original texts are comprehensively annotated, and feature an introductory chapter. In the new volumes, additional essays delve into specific aspects of the works, illuminating their historical context and reception to the present day. The high academic quality of the new editions together with clearly written essays and annotations make the Sammlung Tusculum essential reading for students who are discovering an ancient (...) author for the first time as well as professional scholars who would like to gain a deeper understanding of specific aspects of a given work. Moreover, the series is ideal for lay readers who would like to engage with antiquity through a reliable German translation. The series contains over 270 titles, available in print and eBook editions, making previously out-of-print titles and rarities available again for the first time. In order to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the series, De Gruyter is proud to present Tusculum Online, an eBook package which contains all titles that appeared between 1923 and 2013 - a fitting tribute to an important part of German publishing history. For more information, please see www.degruyter.com/tusculum. (shrink)

Since 1923 the Sammlung Tusculum has published authoritative editions of Greek and Latin works together with a German translation. The original texts are comprehensively annotated, and feature an introductory chapter. In the new volumes, additional essays delve into specific aspects of the works, illuminating their historical context and reception to the present day. The high academic quality of the new editions together with clearly written essays and annotations make the Sammlung Tusculum essential reading for students who are discovering an ancient (...) author for the first time as well as professional scholars who would like to gain a deeper understanding of specific aspects of a given work. Moreover, the series is ideal for lay readers who would like to engage with antiquity through a reliable German translation. The series contains over 270 titles, available in print and eBook editions, making previously out-of-print titles and rarities available again for the first time. In order to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the series, De Gruyter is proud to present Tusculum Online, an eBook package which contains all titles that appeared between 1923 and 2013 - a fitting tribute to an important part of German publishing history. For more information, please see www.degruyter.com/tusculum. (shrink)

"Diese Enzyklopädie des gesamten naturkundlichen Wissen des Altertums wurde von Plinius aus griechischen und römischen Quellen zusammengestellt und nach Sachgruppen geordnet. Sie bedeutet eine Grundlage naturwissenschaftlicher Lehre bis weit ins 19. Jahrhundert und ist ein unerschöpfliches Nachschlagewerk zu Kunst, Geographie, Astronomie, Biologie, Pharmazie und Medizin der Antike." Helvetia archaeologia Erste lateinisch-deutsche Gesamtausgabe der 37 Bücher.

"Diese Enzyklopädie des gesamten naturkundlichen Wissen des Altertums wurde von Plinius aus griechischen und römischen Quellen zusammengestellt und nach Sachgruppen geordnet. Sie bedeutet eine Grundlage naturwissenschaftlicher Lehre bis weit ins 19. Jahrhundert und ist ein unerschöpfliches Nachschlagewerk zu Kunst, Geographie, Astronomie, Biologie, Pharmazie und Medizin der Antike." Helvetia aerchaeologia Erste lateinisch-deutsche Gesamtausgabe der 37 Bücher.

Since 1923 the Sammlung Tusculum has published authoritative editions of Greek and Latin works together with a German translation. The original texts are comprehensively annotated, and feature an introductory chapter. In the new volumes, additional essays delve into specific aspects of the works, illuminating their historical context and reception to the present day. The high academic quality of the new editions together with clearly written essays and annotations make the Sammlung Tusculum essential reading for students who are discovering an ancient (...) author for the first time as well as professional scholars who would like to gain a deeper understanding of specific aspects of a given work. Moreover, the series is ideal for lay readers who would like to engage with antiquity through a reliable German translation. The series contains over 270 titles, available in print and eBook editions, making previously out-of-print titles and rarities available again for the first time. In order to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the series, De Gruyter is proud to present Tusculum Online, an eBook package which contains all titles that appeared between 1923 and 2013 - a fitting tribute to an important part of German publishing history. For more information, please see www.degruyter.com/tusculum. (shrink)