The article explores the discrepancy of the form and the content as a philosophical, moral and axiological problem in the works of Hryhorii Skovoroda. Using the phenomenological reading and structural analysis, the author investigates the interaction between the form and the content in treatises, soliloquies, poems, and letters of Skovoroda. The intellectual and aesthetic background of the Baroque epoch to a large extent explains why this motive of discrepancy occupies a prominent place among the writings of the Ukrainian philosopher. The (...) article analyzes the main plots, in which the discrepancy is revealed: vocation against non-congenial work; a real friend and a flunkey; the truth and a false thing; and the heavenly and an earthly city. After considering all these aspects and other crucial issues, it is concluded what makes the problem of discrepancy an invariant motive in the works of Hryhorii Skovoroda. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to consider individual symptoms and areas of alienation in the history of mankind and in the modern information society, and the disclosure of its logic and patterns. Methodologically, the study is based on the historical, information and cybernetic approaches. The paper points to a positive feedback between the amount of knowledge in alienated form and figures of society, the development of its comprehensive intelligence. New forms of exclusion, which exist in the form of artificial (...) intelligence, robotics, and global computer networks, are analysed. The findings suggest a communicative model of the interaction of mankind with man-made external memory, which describes a non-linear process of communicating to it all human knowledge and intellectual abilities. It is emphasized that the contradiction between man and the material world created by him is the main contradiction of modernity. (shrink)

The paper defines dialogic rationality and shows a rational path and understanding from the individual point of view. A separate discipline or discourse should coordinate the urgent need of deeper emotional transformation (metanoia) and explore the appearance of inner spiritual connectedness. This will establish the importance of every unique creature in the universe. Consequently in postmodernism, epistemology can no longer be accomplished by a “clear” cognitive theory, separated from ontological and anthropological elements. Cognition can no longer progress to an unchangeable, (...) non-falsifiable knowledge, because of changes within the object’s inner ontological level. Thus an observer can only interpret the phenomena but can never say “the last word”. Human cognition is based on time-coordinates when an observer tries to make a projection before the future has come. Yet existing now, it also contains the step back to the past as a shore of memory, experience, and knowledge. In this view history is considered to be non-linear—it is a complicated forward process, still continuously going back to the origin of human correlations with nature. A dialogic approach does not reject the importance of self-organizing processes, but tries to compose a sphere of acknowledgeable co-existence with the other to save the whole specter of human physical and mental, existential and creational features. Facing rational or mystical, but still radical, transformation, we get a sense of self-existence and can actively work and challenge ourselves to realize this in every-day life and in communication with the other. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовано висвітлення в новітній вітчизняній історіографії депортаційної політики радянської держави щодо різних категорій населення західноукраїнських земель у 1939-1953 рр. Установлено, що дослідники розглянули причини, масштаби, наслідки депортацій, визначили їх етапи та специфіку проведення. Спираючись на науковий доробок, присвячений проблемі, з'ясовано, що депортаційні акції були інспіровані вищим керівництвом країни та здійснювалися під його пильним контролем, стали невід'ємною складовою радянізації, мали на меті придушення спротиву населення, зміну етнічної та соціальної конфігурації регіону, а разом з іншими формами репресій сприяли утвердженню компартійно-радянського (...) режиму на західноукраїнських землях. (shrink)

Considering entrepreneurial activity from the psychological perspective, primarily it is worth to give an answer to the question of what fundamental, ultimate purpose of entrepreneurship is. In the conceptual and theoretical aspect, two opposite points of view are distinguished: the first recognizes focusing of the entrepreneurship mainly on profit subject to obeying existing laws, the second considers business entities as members of society, who bear personal responsibility to society for their behaviour. However, since laws cannot cover all life events, entrepreneurs (...) are obliged to comply with the requirements of the rules of socially responsible behaviour in order to maintain a society based on order and legality. Scientists identify a number of stages that the company goes through before realizing: corporate social responsibility is a tool for creating new value. The first step to the introduction of strategic innovations in companies is to harmonize compliance with the law. Actually, a social company should do this by definition. The second step is when companies begin to realize the need to engage in strategic philanthropy. Thus, corporate funds are established. The third stage is to create mechanisms of self-regulation based on values. The next stage is the direct material benefits from strategic innovations. This is most often the result of increased efficiency. At the last stage, conceptually new products are created, new markets are opened. It is important that strategic innovations through social responsibility are mostly aimed at creating new products and services and are a source of income. (shrink)

The oral history of philosophy is in the process of establishing. The article argues that this discipline is fundamentally different from the oral history of philosophers because the oral history of philosophy has to produce besides the empirical data (interview texts) but also a theoretical reflection that is inherent in any form of philosophy. The core product of oral history is the living narrative of a witness, which is only a starting point for the oral history of philosophy that has (...) to work for philosophical generalizations. This article describes for the first time four possible types of reflection in the oral history of philosophy at the empirical level: (1) at the stage of developing the plan and purpose of the interview, when the historian of philosophy identifies the type of empirical data needed to achieve the primary purpose of his research; (2) between views of an interviewer and a respondent, when the interview appears as a common reflection between those two not just as an adjustable conversation; (3) at the reflection level of the respondent (if he or she is a philosopher) preceded the interview; (4) in the mind of the reader / viewer of the interview, who is able to actively rethink ideas expressed in the interview. Types 1-3 of reflection are central to the oral history of philosophy as a discipline (type 4 is not scientific and belongs to the field of public opinion). Consequently, the result of the empirical research of the oral history of philosophy is not only the empirical data itself but also the primary reflections that need to be developed at the next theoretical stage of research. At the same time, the oral history of philosophy can be both a source of data (that is a special interviewing methodology relevant to any type of the history of philosophy), and a relatively independent discipline, the history of philosophy study primarily based on interview material. (shrink)

The complex of the historiography in a fieldHungary's political and economical integration into EU is analyzed in the given article. Author’s conception in a partition of historiography is also presented. The scientific works, which consider theoretical backgrounds of the EU functioning, main factors of theHungary's eurointegration, fulfillment the EU criteria are also analyzed be the author.

The relevance of the study of the socio-psychological phenomenon of personal security in the era of post-modernism is due to the real problems of today's society, which at the present stage of state development are characterized by acute interrelationships between the requirements of social security as a factor of socio-political and national security and the real state of mental existence. associated with indicators of social well-being of the individual. The aim of the article is to prove that the concept of (...) anxiety is a characteristic of social society in the era of postmodernism, preceding the need for security; to give a generalized concept of security in the era of postmodernism as a set of attributes; to identify indicators of psychological security as a complex polyfunctional phenomenon in the era of postmodernism. The article indicates that the choice of specific aspects of human security and the perspective of their consideration depend on the system in which man is included, such as the system "man - nature", "man - production", "man - technology", as well as social systems “man - man "," man - society "," man - state ". Three factors that determine human safety are specified: the human factor, the environmental factor and the security factor; and physical and psychological means of protection against dangerous situations. (shrink)

У статті виявлені передумови, причини, механізми функціонування сміху та наслідки його активізації як впливового чинника формування національно-культурної та соціальної ідентичності українського козацтва; доведено, що закарбовані в козацькій ідентичності схильність до веселої вдачі, блискавичного гумору, життєствердного сміху набули статусу визначальних рис українського національного характеру та особливо актуалізуються в кризових, перехідних станах соціокультурного розвитку.

У статті поданий аналіз документів Державного архіву Луганської області, які ілюструють діяльність синдикатів "Продамет", "Продвугілля", "Трубопродаж", "Продвагон" і "Продпаровоз" на початку XX ст. Встановлено, що переважна більшість джерел мають діловодний характер, запропоновано їх умовний поділ на чотири групи. Надано характеристику найбільш цікавим документам у кожній групі. Показано значення документальних матеріалів архіву як важливої частини джерельної бази з досліджуваної теми.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the image of zombie in two contexts, which are, firstly, the transformation of capitalist figures of production and consumption, and secondly, the transformation of desire and sensuality. Two models of socio-philosophical interpretation of zombies related to the development of capitalism are revealed: the consumer and the proletarian. They concern the discourse of the economic crisis and the disgust to “irrational consumption” and the discourse of the exploitation of the worker by dead labor. (...) It is noted that the image of zombie embodies total alienation, loss of social connection, which is based on emotional affinity, intimacy and affectivity. The figure of zombie is seen as the opposite of the Enlightenment model of human existence, which is characterized by a fundamental multiplicity, sensitivity and taste, which became the basis of a market economy. The image of zombie represents the fear of dissolving human diversity in the identity of desire and corporeality, which is destroyed and appears as “the same”. Zombies embody the instinct and infectivity of being. They denote “naked life”, the signs of which are the right to kill or exploit them. On the other hand, zombies are the embodiment of Use value: an empty post-capitalist, post-proletarian and post-consumer “life” reduced to pure need. Zombies figure represents the inner contradiction of capitalism: on the one hand, the fear of renewing a Labour power that is no longer able to work, and on the other, the fear of losing sensual diversity that suspends the endless process of consumption. Thus, the fear of zombie is a defensive reaction to capitalist existence. On the other hand, it is an adjustment of consciousness, when the coercion to work and consume is based on the fear of becoming a zombie, in the presence of an unconscious willingness to destroy those whom capitalism excludes as zombies. (shrink)

In the article, becoming civil democratic control is considered above military powers of Russian Federation, certainly the factors of influence in relation to forming of political model of the civilly soldiery relations.

In the article by О.Pidluzhna "Pentecostal hamartiologiya and the doctrine of the salvation of man in the theology of Christians of the Evangelical Faith" it is pointed out that Pentecostals do not have the doctrinal corpus of documents of their faith unified for all communities. This gives rise to certain difficulties in their own self-presentation and agreement with each other, as well as in scientific attempts to interpret Pentecostal practices. The author proves that the doctrine of saving man in Pentecostal (...) is the most multifaceted and perfect, it is almost impossible to find differences for the existence of other interpretations, otherwise it will contradict the Holy Scripture. An attempt has been made to emphasize the study of the main components of the biblical doctrine of human salvation within the theology of the Assemblies of the Churches of God, in contrast to the scientific generalized joint experience of the classical Pentecostals and charismatics. (shrink)

The article offers an analysis of the concept of the Absolute in Fichte’s philosophy. Despite the difficulty of the definition, this concept receives a rich and creative rethinking in Fichte and will further influence the philosophical systems of thought. Gradually introducing this concept into his philosophical project of Wissenschaftslehre Fichte often changes its interpretation. So, starting with a somewhat vague understanding of the concept of the "absolute I" through Schelling's criticism of the Absolute, he develops the theory of the manifestation (...) of the Absolute, each time choosing new metaphors to denote it, and sometimes filling it with religious content, when the Absolute becomes a substitute for the concept of God. On the one hand, it’s important not to reduce the Absolute to a simple object of thought because this would indicate the limitation of the Absolute. On the other hand, it would be wrong to consider the Absolute as an empty or neutral concept or something completely enclosed in itself. Then, its existence will be doubtful. Fichte is careful about a clear definition of the Absolute. He solves this dilemma through the idea of the manifestation of the Absolute. Manifestation is the exit of the Absolute beyond itself while remaining unchanged. The ability to manifest itself is a prerequisite that the Absolute can be recognized and thought. This is how the Absolute manifests itself in the form of knowledge. Fichte emphasizes that the Absolute is not a projection of our mind, it may not depend on our thinking, however with such peculiarity that truth and knowledge have their basis in it. Thereby, with the theory of the Absolute, Fichte develops the idea of the foundation that is outside of ourselves, has transcendental character, and thus allows knowledge or truth not to be trapped in subjective tenets. Analyzing step by step the process of evolution of this concept, we will be able to see how in the last years of his life, Fichte states the importance of two realities: the “I” and the “Absolute” and how he explains the connection between them. (shrink)

Publication date: 30 November 2016 Source: Author: Olha Bashkir The process of forming program provision for teaching pedagogical disciplines, pedagogy in particular, in pedagogical educational institutions has been characterized in the article on the basis of analyzed pedagogical literature, archival records, and scientific researches in periodicals. Pedagogical educational institutions in Ukraine were reorganized from the institutes of public education to “the united pedagogical institutes” at the beginning of the 30s of the 20th century. The content of programs for disciplines (...) of pedagogical direction has been revealed. They had undergone some changes due to the reformation of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine before the creation of classical pedagogical educational institution. (shrink)

The article has examined the influence of cordocentrism and natural philosophy of Hryhorii Skovoroda on the formation of worldviews and aesthetic program of “silent poets.” The motive and figurative constants of “silent poets,” the specifics of the creation of their poetic universe through the conceptual system of cordocentric and natural philosophical codes are clarified. It is proved, that in the poetry of Iryna Zhylenko, Svitlana Yovenko, Anatolii Kychynskyi, Volodymyr Pidpalyi, Liudmyla Skyrda, Leonid Talalai, Pavlo Movchan, Dmytro Cherednychenko the image of (...) the heart became a symbol, which emphasized the spirituality of human, formed by the humanistic attitude to the world. The dominant place in the poetic creativity of “silent poetry” was occupied by the sensual imperative: love, love for relatives, and the native land. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the natural world endowed the lyrical hero of “silent poets” with mental harmony and freedom of choice, conditioned by moral foundations and beliefs, independent of the political situation of the second half of the 20th century. (shrink)

The article examines examples of sociocultural practices in advertising and PR, music, cinema, gamification, tourism, and art. Analyzing the proposed topic, the dependence of transformation of sociocultural practices on technologization and informatization of society, on merging of different spheres of creative industries (on the example of advertising and content), and interdependence of society and the process of content creation were established. The sphere of “project activity” as a way of combining traditional and innovative foundations to improve and enrich culture, effectively (...) draw attention to social problems, and involve new people in the creative industry was considered separately. To carry out this research the author used the following methods: comparative-historical, hermeneutic method of generalization. At the end of the article, the author concludes that in the era of globalization with different topical problems in the creative sector of the economy there is a certain way out. This sector of the economy combines economy and culture, develops small and medium-sized businesses, reduces unemployment, and monetizes human ideas and creativity. Today sociocultural practices are required to be mobile, digitalized, merging different directions within the sphere, flexible, unique content, subordinated to economic indicators, and attracting attention to a particular event or problem. (shrink)

A review of the conference «Educational Contexts of Constructivism», which was organized by the Department of General Didactics at the Institute of Pedagogy of the Szczecin University (Republic of Poland) on March 16-17, 2017, is presented. The attention is drawn to the interdisciplinary nature of the conference work and its focus on the consideration of the strict didactic issues associated with the multidimensionality of constructivism. The discussion of the participants confirms the urgency of changes in education, which, however, should be (...) taken into account in opposition to the constructivism of thought. (shrink)

У статті розглядається вплив сміху на становлення та динаміку розвитку такого соціокультурного феномену, як мода, досліджується характер функціонування сміху та моди залежно від соціальної ритміки, виявляються особливості їх кореляції в стабільних та перехідних станах суспільства.

This article examines the phenomenon of sport carnavalization in postmodern society, the reasons, preconditions, consequences of the postmodern transformation of sport as a social institution, turning it into a commercialized spectacle, industry, show business, entertainment practice. Traced the mutual penetration of the humorous elements in the sports and sports in karneval sfere in socio-cultural space. Thus, laughter in its various functions, manifestations, modifications is an integral part, an attribute of sport life, and an independent agent of social shifts, through which (...) social values and ideals are established or abolished, a special festive atmosphere is created as a marker of the "boundary", the "border", "The transition" of society as a whole and sport as a social institution into a new mode of existence. (shrink)

The article focuses on the problem of development of the lifelong learning skills of senior students in secondary school of general education. The model of interaction between the subjects of learning in the Trello project management system is developed. The foreign literature learning environment in the Trello system is developed. The experience of using the Trello project management system in the process of teaching foreign literature in 10th and 11th grades is described. It has been found that according to the (...) lifelong learning approach a person has to possess skills: goal setting, self-regulation, motivation, time management, self-directed learning, collaboration skills, and self-development. It was pointed out that there are common approaches to project management and educational process management. The use of online systems for collaborative work in the educational process in the secondary school of general education is suggested. Online systems for teamwork that support Kanban methodologies for project management have been analyzed. To confirm the effectiveness of the implementation of the Trello project management system as a tool for the development of lifelong learning skills of senior students, an experiment was conducted: criteria, indicators, levels, and the state of formation of lifelong learning skills of senior students were determined; statistical analysis of the results of the experiment was carried out. The effectiveness of the implementation of the Trello project management system as a tool of the formation of the lifelong learning skills of senior students has been experimentally proven. The study can be applied in educational institutions interested in using agile methods in teaching. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the historiography of the study of the scientific problem of assessment of Akhenaten's reign, the Egyptian Pharaoh of 18th dynasty. Amarna period was marked by the unprecedented scale of construction activity, motivated by new religious reform. Pharaoh Akhenaten abandoned traditional Egyptian polytheism and introduced worship centered on the sun god Aten. The author presents a profile of some historiography studies of Amarna Period, analyses the changes of the assessment of Akhenaten's reign in general since XIX (...) century, shows different evaluations of his religious reform in the scientific literature. During the XX century's first decade the idealistic perception of Akhenaten prevailed in scientific literature. Further researches of the second half of XX -XXI centuries perceived the political causes in his religious reform. For example, D. Redford argued that Akhenaten's milieu interpreted his reign as tyranny. N. Reeves believes that king Akhenaten strengthened his power by the use of a new religious ideology, his reign was inherent by despotism and religious intolerance. The author comes to conclusion that in spite of the available historiography studies, that make it possible to study Amarna Period, the outstanding figure of king Akhenaten still remains controversial. (shrink)

The article considers the scientific category of “educational neuroscience” as a promising interdisciplinary field of research that studies relationship between education and the sciences of higher nervous activity. The role of theoretical research in the field of neuroscience for creation of modern distance educational technologies is determined. It is established that use of neuroscience in learning process expands and enhances competency characteristics of higher education students in research, diagnostic and professional activities. The problem of obtaining neuroscientific knowledge by higher education (...) students, which will help provide future specialists with a sufficient communicative level of skills in everyday life and work environment, has been brought up to date. Evaluation of large-scale application of the distance learning system in the process of formation of communicative competencies of higher education students is carried out. The main problems that arise in higher education students and teaching staff when working in the distance learning system are analyzed. Possibilities of application of mobile devices and applications in educational process at a distance form of training are considered. The effectiveness of application of information and communication technologies in the process of formation of communicative competencies in higher education students is clarified. The positive and negative impact, advantages and disadvantages of distance learning for both higher education students and the academic teaching staff of higher education establishments, including in the context of neuroscience, have been identified and generalized. (shrink)

The Precautionary Principle is a guide to coping with scientific uncertainties in the assessment and management of risks. In recent years, it has moved to the forefront of debates in policy and applied ethics, becoming a key normative tool in policy discussions in such diverse areas as medical and scientific research, health and safety regulation, environmental regulation, product development, international trade, and even judicial review. The principle has attracted critics who claim that it is fundamentally incoherent, too vague to guide (...) policy, and makes demands that are logically and scientifically impossible. In this paper we will answer these criticisms by formulating guidelines for its application that ensure its coherence as a useful normative guide in applied and policy ethics debates. We will also provide analyses of cases that demonstrate how our version of the principle functions in practice. (shrink)

The article demonstrates the conflict between university and post-truth, namely the inability of university to fight post-truth due to the underestimation of objective truth in society. The facts that university is losing the opportunity to develop students’ critical thinking as a result of the deprivation of its independence in obtaining objective truth are given as arguments. The attention is focused on the historical context of this conflict. In conclusion, the need for university to defend its independence due to the terrible (...) consequences of post-truth for society is proved. (shrink)

Let G be a group, and let X be an infinite transitive G-space. A free ultrafilter U on X is called G-selective if, for any G-invariant partition P of X, either one cell of P is a member of U, or there is a member of U which meets each cell of P in at most one point. We show that in ZFC with no additional set-theoretical assumptions there exists a G-selective ultrafilter on X. We describe all G-spaces X such (...) that each free ultrafilter on X is G-selective, and we prove that a free ultrafilter U on ω is selective if and only if U is G-selective with respect to the action of any countable group G of permutations of ω. A free ultrafilter U on X is called G-Ramsey if, for any G-invariant coloring χ:[X]2→{0,1}, there is U∈U such that [U]2 is χ-monochromatic. We show that each G-Ramsey ultrafilter on X is G-selective. Additional theorems give a lot of examples of ultrafilters on Z that are Z-selective but not Z-Ramsey. (shrink)

This article focuses on the role of Christian theodicy in Taras Shevchenko’s works. With a biography marked by trauma and suffering, it is no wonder that Shevchenko orients his poetic worldview in search of understanding the nature of evil and human suffering. Operating through a Christological model, Shevchenko arrives at a poetics based on theodicy, as a means of understanding suffering in the world. He analyses the problem of evil associated with the phenomenology of suffering within the framework of religious (...) ethics. The works of the early period emphasize “truth and revenge,” retribution, and physical punishment over the “malicious” in the spirit of Old Testament dogma. The period of Shevchenko’s exile and subsequent works is characterized by changes in moods. The theodicy of Shevchenko’s works reveals the signs of Christodicy. Shevchenko’s concept of “suffering” is theologically based, as he believes that suffering is the key to conversion to faith. (shrink)

The coronavirus epidemic has provoked changes in most spheres of public life and has given rise to many ways of rethinking in matters of security, economics, social philosophy, ethics and so on. Against the background of discussing global issues, some kind of simple but not problem-free perspective is being lost – the spectacle of an epidemic from the spectator’s point of view. This perspective is the most obvious, but requires further analysis. In quarantine conditions, spectator’s contact with the phenomenon is (...) entirely mediated by the screen determining his perception of the epidemic as a media phenomenon. Dividing the existential experience caused by the epidemic and the spectator’s experience, we put the former in parentheses and focus only on the latter, not being interested in the epidemic as a phenomenon, but in the “phenomenon of the epidemic on the screen”. It is the representation of the epidemic that is the problem: despite real-time broadcasting and the unprecedented “visibility” of the epidemic, quarantine visuality is eventless. Discussion of the epidemic captures the information field and its totality makes a claim to an exceptional event. However, its exclusivity is refuted historically, and eventfulness has no place in the philosophical sense. The spectacle remains – but its mode is specific. The brilliant analysis of spectacle by Guy Deborah and Jean Baudrillard in the case of a modern epidemic is inappropriate: the usual way of experiencing a spectacle in the case of an epidemic is changing – this spectacle is non-spectacular. The spectacle of an epidemic is a “quarantine spectacle”: isolated from “what is” and / or isolating spectators from it. Without displaying death, the screen does not reflect what is happening inside the epidemic itself. The fundamental representativeness of death is complemented by a number of invisibilities – the invisibility of the unceremoniously buried dead, the invisibility of isolated patients, the invisibility of physicians protected by their suits and, most importantly, the invisibility of the threat. However, since the screen cannot remain blank, it is filled with images of scarcity and absence: the image of an empty city is decisive for quarantine visuality. The representation of the epidemic, despite the fact that it is broadcast online as a constant update of statistics, avoids both eventness and entertainment. (shrink)

In the realities of the digital economy there are fast and permanent processes of digitalization of economic relations and economic activity, technologies, information and knowledge in the field of business management are becoming increasingly important. Modern economic conditions in which enterprises operate are characterized by globality, dynamism and uncertainty. One of the main factors that can ensure the company's stability in the market and help strengthen its position is a well-founded development strategy. Depending on the direction of enterprise development, it (...) is important to distinguish such strategies as intensification, integration and diversification, which can be applied individually or in combination. The need to adapt to the conditions of comprehensive digitalization requires enterprises to take an innovative approach to their activities, and the harmonization of the mechanism of strategic management of innovative development of the enterprise should consist of determining the vector of innovative transformations. Knowledge is very important in the innovation process, because it is not only an important contribution, but also the result of the process of transformation of innovation culture of enterprises. The use of modern methods of e-commerce, digital platforms and blockchain allows companies to gain new benefits and opportunities. Enterprises that choose as a strategic vector of development a systematic combination of innovative approach to their activities, analysis of internal and external resources of development, adequate adaptation to the external realities of the digital economy, achieve high results in the present and future. (shrink)

The article highlights the issue of the psychological impact of fakes on the individual, which is intensively increased through various mass media and especially social networks. The general research aim comprises the study of features of the psychological influence of fakes on an individual and classification of this influence. It was proven that fakes intensify the person's stress, weaken adaptive reserves, reduce efficiency, and lead to stress disorders. Numerous fake messages cause intense emotional transformation of the individual through the emotional (...) receptivity of the message. It was found that under the influence of fakes, a person's direct participation in the information cycle through the mass media contributes to the consolidation of his behavior into certain groups. Fake information encourages fake modeling of one's own future and determines its influence on one's status in society. It was shown that human perception of emotional audiovisual narratives causes the tunnel vision. Pragmatic assumptions stimulate the individual to perceive fake information as the absolute truth, and in situations of uncertainty - to show a pronounced activity with a growing preference for information. Fakes can worsen physical and mental health, cause changes in mental processes, motivation, priorities and affect interaction in the society. That is why, the knowledge of features of the psychological impact of fakes on an individual will help understand the need to analyze information content, search, critically select and test messages to maintain one’s mental health. (shrink)

У статті розглянуто проблему людської гідності за доби Просвітництва (на прикладі філософії І. Канта) у контексті сучасного філософського дискурсу проблеми. Зазначено, що подальший розвиток суспільства формує запит на правову соціально-орієнтовану державу, де надаються та забезпечуються широкі права та свободи для усіх громадян (незалежно від національності, віросповідання, культури, матеріального стану), що зрештою стає важливою засадою осмислення та буття людської гідності. Йдеться про право громадянина висловлювати свою думку та громадянську позицію, а завдання влади забезпечувати широкий спектр прав та свобод, які визначаються І. (...) Кантом як моральні (природні). Ось чому звернення сучасних філософів та дослідників до філософії І. Канта, його тлумачення природи людини, її прав та свобод, що зумовлене певною схожістю доби Просвітництва та сучасного етапу розвитку суспільства. Означена подібність втілилася у низці факторів, що створюють нову картину світу, а саме: кардинальні зміни політичного, соціального та економічного устрою; традиційного людського буття та життєвого світу; швидкість та глобалізм сучасних трансформацій не тільки у виробничих сферах, а й у соціально-побутових, морально-етичних та суспільно-політичних відносинах. Наголошено, що названі процеси втілюються у моральному (природному) та адміністративному праві і суттєво впливають на свободи та рівність усіх членів суспільства; самостійність дій кожного члена спільноти як громадянина; відсутність патерналізму на рівні взаємин громадянин-суспільство-влада. Таким чином, представлена І. Кантом етично-правова концепція людської гідності знаходить розуміння та застосування в концептах аргументативної та екологічної етики, етики відповідальності у прагненні до створення таких владних структур, за яких суспільний консенсус досягається через аргументований діалог усіх членів суспільства та колективну відповідальність за дії. Таким чином цілісна реконструкція роздумів І. Канта про людину, її гідність та свободу, засвідчує органічну приналежність української філософії до європейського інтелектуального та філософського контексту розуміння загальнолюдських морально-етичних норм, прав і свобод. (shrink)

У статті, насамперед у контексті методологічного повороту від філософії свідомості до філософії комунікації, досліджено вплив техногенної, інформаційної складової сучасного етапу розвитку суспільства на всі його сфери, що супроводжується змінами в ставленні до людини з її економічними та морально-етичними потребами. При цьому виокремлено основні сучасні фактори, які істотно впливають на зміни в осмисленні проблеми людської гідності: «інформаційна революція», генетичні дослідження, соціально-економічні та екологічні проблеми. У статті з’ясовано, що класики сучасної комунікативної філософії К.-О. Апель, Ю.Габермас, Г.Йонас наголошують на трансформації дискурсивної етики в (...) річище етики соціальної та екологічної, плідності подальшого осмислення проблем свободи та відповідальності, людської гідності. А це своєю чергою сприяє усвідомленню суспільством необхідності персональної і колективної відповідальності (етики відповідальності), що можливо лише за умов повноцінної участі в означених процесах усіх громадян, розвитку справедливої, правової держави. У статті доведено істотний взаємозв’язок питання справедливості та проблеми людської гідності в процесі розподілу матеріальних та духовних ресурсів, можливості створення передумов для подолання сучасних викликів та нагальних екологічних, економічних та морально-етичних проблем. Послідовне реконструювання соціально-філософської складової сучасної комунікативної філософії свідчить про плідність запропонованого нею методологічного принципу осмислення концепту людської гідності, людського буття загалом за сучасних умов розвитку суспільства. (shrink)

Предмет дослідження статті – основні поняття філософської та політичної антропології Б. Паскаля, який, разом зі своїм знаменитими сучасниками Ф. Беконом та Р. Декартом, стояв у витоків формування сучасної філософії людини. Запропонований нами аналіз роздумів Паскаля про суверенність та гідність людини надає можливість глибше зрозуміти сутність історичної трансформації проблеми людської гідності та розмаїття її історико-філософських дискурсів. З’ясовано, що окреслені в статті глибинно-трагічні мотиви в осмисленні Паскалем людського буття, «величі» та «нікчемності» людини привертали увагу не лише С. К’єркегора, А. Камю, Ж.-П. Сартра, (...) але й новітніх представників філософсько-антропологічної думки. Всебічно розгорнуто тезу про те, що саме людина була осердям його роздумів Паскаля. А її самосвідомість, самопізнання, якщо не допоможе людині віднайти істину, то напевне допоможе прожити гідне життя. Це також – чи не єдиний шлях до подолання людиною своїх істотних недоліків та до вдосконалення власної недосконалої природи. Філософській антропології Паскаля притаманне як розчарування в людині, так і щире захоплення нею і її розумом. (shrink)

Askold Melnyczuk’s novel Ambassador of the Dead narrates the process through which a second-generation, assimilated American learns to comprehend the Ukrainian historical experience of his family and their generation. This article argues that the novel is centrally concerned with Nick’s learning process: as he begins to better understand his parents’ generation, he transforms his own identity. As a child, Nick is unable to see Ada — his friend’s mother, who is haunted by traumatic experiences — as anything other than an (...) unchanging, incomprehensible enigma: “Old World Syndrome.” Eventually, Nick comes to follow the example of Anton, a displaced Ukrainian who narrates a story-within-the-novel that returns Ada’s experiences to their historical and cultural contexts, while using magical realism to place her Ukrainian experience on a historical scale. Through Anton’s example, Nick learns how to see both Ada and his parents as complex historical actors in world history. Understanding the past then enables him to see himself as Ukrainian and claim an identity that is both Ukrainian and American. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the consideration the problem of the phenomenon of an unreliable narration in the British intellectual prose of the second half of the twentieth century. The meaning of the words “narrator”, “unreliable narration” is investigated. The unreliable narration is reviewed based on the example of the novel “Rites of Passage” by Golding. It is noted that the aforementioned work has a vibrant didactic component. It has been found that Golding uses a wide range of narrative techniques. (...) The emphasis is made on the critical analysis by other literary scholars of the novel “Rites of Passage” by Golding. The use of narrative strategies in accordance with the scientific classification by Genette is investigated. The markers of unreliability of the narrators are emphasized. Attention is focused on the fact that a high degree of unreliability is based on the limited knowledge of the heroes, direct participation in the events, a problematic system of values. It is noted that the unreliability of narration in the novel “Rites of Passage” by Golding forces the reader to doubt not only the narrator but oneself. The use of the narrative method in the intellectual prose of the British writer Iris Murdoch is investi-gated. It has been found that the novel “The Black Prince” by Iris Murdock is one of the best examples of an unreliable narration. The genre specifics of the novel are emphasized, which combines the forms of the diary, of the memoir and of the confession. In addition, Murdoch creates a narrative strategy, which combines signs of various forms of “I am the narrator” within the framework of one narrative. In addition, “The Black Prince” is a unique model of modern artistic and philosophical metatext genre formation. (shrink)