This paper examined the relationship between coaches and youth athletes in China by comparing data collected before and after the lockdown. A total of 221 youth athletes aged 13-19 years in one professional football school completed coach-athlete relationship questionnaires. The rank-sum test was used to verify the differences in the data. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the mean value of the three dimensions of the coach-athlete relationship (closeness, commitment, and complementarity) increased after the COVID-19 lockdown. The (...) results also showed that athletes of different age categories showed different changes in the coach-athlete relationship after the lockdown, and the changes were not significantly related to the severity of the COVID-19 epidemic. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

In the international sphere, sovereignty and fundamental rights are often at odds, giving these rights little space for action and, in general, only after crisis has led to tragedy, and tragedy to disgrace. International Law, on the other hand, consistently succumbs to forms of domination and power, and its scope of action is often limited to certain codifications which are frequently suspended by political exception. Sixteenth century Dominican theologian, Francisco de Vitoria, established the principles for a Law of the people, (...) based on secular civil power that, while still exercising internal sovereignty, could defend and privilege the “rights of all men” over the exercise of power and private interest. This article focuses on this dispute to show Vitoria’s position, who long preceded the great declarations of human rights of the 18 th century, presenting an original doctrine within the framework of an emerging globalization and based on the defense of fundamental rights. (shrink)

Sadin, Éric (2023)Hacer disidenciaBarcelona: Herder, 248 p.ISBN 9788425449871.

El siguiente trabajo analiza las acciones artísticas ligadas al Colectivo Escena Política que tuvieron lugar en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 2013 y 2016. Daremos cuenta de tres formas específicas de intervención artístico-política en el espacio público. La primera relacionada con una denuncia de la explotación laboral de los artistas escénicos en la ciudad. La segunda vinculada a prácticas micropolíticas que denominamos activismo de lo sensible. Y la tercera, relacionada con la lucha llevada adelante por la Asamblea Lopérfido Renunciá (...) Ya, en conjunto con organismos de derechos humanos. En última instancia, el artículo propone que la eficacia política del activismo artístico depende de su articulación sincrónica con las diversas luchas que atraviesan el entramado social. (shrink)

En su faceta de ensayista Edgar Allan Poe desarrolló interesantes ideas que corresponden al campo de la estética. Sin embargo, estas no han sido muy difundidas, y menos en América Latina, al contrario de su labor poética –mejor conocida–, y de su narrativa en prosa –que suele hacer parte de los programas de enseñanza de la literatura universal–. El presente escrito se propone recuperar algunos de sus planteamientos analizando su ensayo teórico “El propósito de la poesía”, siguiendo el rastro de (...) su crítica a una estética burguesa de masas y a una estética aristocrática tradicionalista. Con su lectura atenta rendimos un homenaje al autor, ahondando en su complejo perfil y siguiendo su exploración de temas tan variados como la crítica, el público, la recepción, la creación poética, la función del arte y la importancia social del poeta. Por último, su opinión sobre algunas figuras destacadas de la poesía mundial de su tiempo nos brinda un panorama muy rico del contexto cultural de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. (shrink)

Reseña de: Arenas-Dolz, Francisco y Gallegos Salazar, Daniela (eds.) (2009), El ciudadano democrático. Reflexiones éticas para una educación intercultural, Madrid, Plaza y Valdés.

In this paper we study the presence of elements related to Roman games in the work of the bishop Paulinus of Nola (355-431 AD). References to shows inhis work are not as abundant as they occurs among his contemporaries. Nevertheless, many of these references possess a great importance for us. Certainly, they are similar to other allusions made by his contemporaries; however they express the opinion of one of the most famous and prestigious bishops of the Late Antiquity about these (...) popular exhibitions. In his writings we can see his criticism of the waste of wealth in the organization of the Roman games, and also the use of a metaphorical language with ludical reminiscences whose origins go back to Paul of Tarsus. (shrink)

La concepción más común de lo utópico es la de aquella entidad social que, por su misma perfección, no puede darse en la realidad. Esa concepción, que se ha impuesto en el pensamiento moderno y contemporáneo, suele aplicarse, asimismo, a la obra de Tomás Moro, Utopia, en la que se suele ver un estado perfecto pero relegado a la geografía fantástica de lo que podría ser pero nunca será, razón por la cual el humanista ha situado su sociedad en una (...) isla imaginaria. Pero esta concepción olvida los elementos auto-irónicos de la obra de Moro que excluyen una lectura que se pudiera basar en la dicotomía perfección ideal/imperfección real. Ensayamos una lectura, por tanto, más “hermenéutica” de la obra del escritor inglés. (shrink)

El presente escrito tiene dos propósitos. En primer lugar, busca recapitular algunos temas abordados en los últimos años por el filósofo alemán Jürgen Habermas, como representante del liberalismo: a) la noción de sociedad post-secular, sus condiciones y desafíos; b) la tolerancia y el multiculturalismo; y c) la traducción como actividad mediadora que remedie la dificultad de comprensión entre el pensamiento secular de Occidente y las diferentes cosmovisiones religiosas tradicionales, de variadas procedencias. En segundo lugar, pretende ampliar el panorama de Habermas (...) con el apoyo de dos autores provenientes de otras tradiciones de pensamiento, y que permiten complementar y matizar algunas de las propuestas habermasianas: Michael Walzer, como representante del comunitarismo, y Peter Lamborn Wilson, alias Hakim Bey, como representante del postanarquismo. Esto para construir las bases de una forma más radical de pensar el fenómeno del pluralismo. (shrink)

The consent process for publication of clinical images in medical journals varies widely. The extent of this variation is not known. It is also not known whether journals follow their own stated best practices or the guidance of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. We assessed consent requirements in a sample of 10 top impact factor general medicine journals that publish clinical images, examining variability in consent requirements for clinical image publication and congruence of requirements with the recommendations of (...) the ICMJE. Clinical image consent requirements varied widely from journal to journal. None of the studied journals, even amongst n = 4 ICMJE members or n = 8 journals who self-report adherence to ICMJE guidelines, comply with all of the recommendations of the ICMJE. Half of studied journals require a journal-specific consent form. Among top medical journals there is significant heterogeneity in consent requirements for clinical images. Variability of consent requirements is neither practical nor rational; inconsistent requirements create uncertainty for authors, present impediments to dissemination of scholarship, and undermine a shared professional understanding of how best to protect patient privacy. We propose adopting a standardized consent form and process for publication of identifiable images in medical journals, with uniform elements and explicit definitions. (shrink)

This article questions the prevailing opinion that Domitian's prohibition of castration was intended as a protective measure devised to check masters’ abuses on their slaves, as part of a larger trend towards more enlightened attitudes towards slavery among the Romans. While brutal, castration was the only type of mutilation which increased the monetary value of slaves. Banning it curtailed slaves’ chances of social climbing and narrowed their channels towards positions of power. The emasculation ban is, instead, better understood as one (...) of the many measures directed towards the control of the sexual behaviour and the sumptuary practices of the Roman elite. Introduced as a censorial decree, the ban gave Domitian the opportunity to act as the upholder of Republican traditions at the same time as he impinged on the private lives of his subjects and put senators and equestrians under his thumb. The article also argues that, contrary to what is usually argued, the constant re-enforcement of the prohibition to castrate by Domitian's successors is an indication of the effectiveness of the Roman legal machinery and its capacity to reach the most distant corners of the Roman empire. (shrink)

本书共分六章, 内容包括: 宋代官学发展的变化和需求; 程朱理学的官学教育活动; 理学式书院对南宋官学的扩充和借鉴; 理学教育理念和教材对官学教育的影响; 理学教育的多途径传播等.

The closure of schools as a result of COVID-19 has been a critical global incident from which to rethink how education works in all our countries. Among the many changes generated by this crisis, all teaching became mediated by digital technologies. This paper intends to analyze the activities carried out during this time through digital technologies and the conceptions of teaching and learning that they reflect. We designed a Likert-type online questionnaire to measure the frequency of teaching activities. It was (...) answered by 1,403 teachers from Spain. The proposed activities varied depending on the learning promoted, the learning outcomes, the type of assessment to which the activities were directed, and the presence of cooperative activities. The major result of this study was that teachers used reproductive activities more frequently than constructive ones. We also found that most activities were those favoring verbal and attitudinal learning. The cooperative activities were the least frequent. Finally, through a cluster analysis, we identified four teaching profiles depending on the frequency and type of digital technologies use: Passive, Active, Reproductive, and Interpretative. The variable that produced the most consistent differences was previous digital technologies use These results show that Information and Communication Technologies uses are reproductive rather than constructive, which impedes effective digital technologies integration into the curriculum so that students gain 21st-century competencies. (shrink)

This paper deals with the conceptual and historical-intellectual relationship that links Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy with cybernetics and information theory. For this purpose, it deploys three lines of analysis: the French reception of cybernetics and information theory, and the positioning of Simondon in that conceptual field; the transcendent meaning that Simondon assigns to them, as they express a new technological era of the twentieth century; Simondon’s criticisms of cybernetics and information theory, which tend to dismantle the nineteenth-century remains that affect them (...) from within and to think a new concept of genesis. (shrink)

The initial stage for the discussion is the distinction between bona fide and fiat objects drawn by Barry Smith and collaborators in the context of formal ontology. This paper aims at both producing a rationale for introducing a hitherto unrecognized kind of object—here called ‘Interactive Fiat Objects’ (IFOs)—into the ontology of objects, and casting light on the relationship between embodied cognition and interactive ontology with the aid of the concepts of affordance and ad hoc category. I conclude that IFOs are (...) similar to fiat objects, affordances and ad hoc categories in a number of ways, yet they differ from these in important respects. Interaction is key to understanding the existence and peculiarities of IFOs. By adopting an embodied perspective on cognition, we can enrich our ontological typologies and highlight relevant features of our physical and symbolic environment that are otherwise overlooked. This should improve our understanding of object ontology and persuade us to include IFOs in our metaphysical inventories. (shrink)

Objetivo: El siguiente artículo tiene como propósito la revisión de la literatura existente cuyo enfoque sea las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas para el abordaje del paciente con síntomas de salud mental, de manera virtual, para describir las ventajas, la eficacia, la efectividad y los beneficios de estas herramientas, a partir de la literatura encontrada. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed, Elsevier, UpToDate, Journal of Medical Internet Research y Google Académico. Se identificó un total de 58 artículos (...) que versan sobre la eficacia y efectividad de las diferentes modalidades digitales (tales como aplicaciones, cuestionarios en línea, mensajes de texto, etc.) que tratan la salud mental. Resultados: la búsqueda realizada arrojó un total de 58 artículos. Tras la eliminación de duplicados, el número fue de 50 artículos. Después de la caracterización de la información basada en la revisión de la totalidad del contenido, fueron elegidos 30 artículos para que sirvieran como base para la construcción de la síntesis de datos. Conclusiones: las herramientas virtuales utilizadas en salud mental ofrecen un sin fin de beneficios para prestar un servicio con un acceso más sencillo a la población, de forma económica y efectiva, sin temor a que los pacientes sean estigmatizados al momento de buscar ayuda, como se pudo evidenciar en los artículos presentados. Además, las herramientas digitales utilizadas en psiquiatría han demostrado ser eficaces y seguras, sin embargo, son de reciente aparición y cuentan con una cantidad limitada de estudios que demuestren objetivamente su eficacia en esta área. (shrink)

La 'llegada del Señor' es ambigua en cuanto al tiempo y el modo. El presente trabajo trata de analizar el origen de esta forma de entender la acción redentora divina en un momento histórico concreto y "al final de los tiempos". Un primer marco, original y originario, arraiga en las bases culturales, cósmicas y místicas de la escena de Israel y en las primeras composiciones del Antiguo Testamento. Su esquema fue utilizado y adaptado por los profetas y, dentro de la (...) evolución natural de la profecía, acabó en laliteratura apocalíptica. De ahí siguió al Nuevo Testamento, y la catequesis de la Iglesia hizo el resto. El presente trabajo pretende seguir los diferentes momentos de esta evolución. Una vez desvelado el sentido de las formas literarias, debemos aprender a leer en ellas el mensaje revelado: ¿seguimos esperando al Dios que nos redime? o ¿Ese día llegó con Jesús y sólo estamos esperando lacelebración de su victoria? La pregunta está ahí. (shrink)

Background Nurses frequently experience ethical issues in their area of practice. In the challenging reality of today’s healthcare environment, nursing students need to be prepared to deal with ethical issues in their future roles. Nevertheless, Chinese nursing students’ ethical sensitivity status and the factors influencing it have not been described. Objective This study aims to explore the level of ethical sensitivity and its influencing factors among Chinese nursing students. Research design This was a cross-sectional study. We firstly cross-culturally adapted the (...) Japanese version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) into a Chinese version. Then, we administered the Chinese version of ESQ-NS, the Caring Ability Inventory (CAI), and general information questionnaire to nursing undergraduates. Participants and research context The invitations were sent to 600 nursing undergraduates from four universities in Hunan, China. Ethical considerations The study was supported by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the lead university. The Approval No. was E202092. Results A total of 489 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. The mean score for ethical sensitivity of the samples was 36.34 ± 4.90, and 187.99 ± 22.64 for their humanistic care ability. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test indicated a meaningful and positive relationship between the ethical sensitivity and humanistic care ability (r = 0.576 and p <.01). And regression analysis showed that age, school year, experience in studying nursing ethics, how much you like nursing major, and humanistic care ability were of relevance to nursing students' ethical sensitivity. Discussion Our findings suggest that the mean ethical sensitivity score of Chinese nursing students is 36.34 (13–52). The humanistic caring ability of Chinese nursing students is still at a low level. Conclusion Future interventions for improving the ethical sensitivity of the nursing students should consider general information of participants and their humanistic care ability. (shrink)

Con el presente texto se pretende hacer un ejercicio reflexivo en torno a los nuevos retos que debe cumplir la ética personal y social a partir de las normativas de papel, las cuales emergen a raíz de la consolidación de una cultura del incumplimiento de las reglas en nuestro contexto latinoamericano y le hacen mucho daño a los individuos en los diferentes escenarios sociales. Para tal efecto, se inicia haciendo un análisis sobre la corrupción como fenómeno ejemplar que afecta el (...) cumplimiento de las normas. Posteriormente, se aborda el problema referido a la violación de la norma y la disonancia cognitiva, la cual es un conflicto mental que surge cuando existe un desacuerdo entre las actuaciones y las creencias de los individuos, por lo general, éstas tienden a contradecirse. Finalmente, se trae a colación, la situación de que los tres elementos anteriores nos conllevan a repensar la vida desde una ética personal y social. (shrink)

Although the link between epistemic and ontological aspects of social reality has always been a problematic issue for the social sciences, this debate loses centrality from the second half of the twentieth century. This article critically reviews the epistemic reasons for that loss, mainly in relation with "hard" constructivism, arguing for the need to return to the ontological debate about sociological foundations. At the same time, it presents a theoretical proposal: social ontology constitutes itself epistemically; that is, the question about (...) "the social" inevitably involves the question about beliefs that constitute it. But social reality is not exhausted in beliefs, since it requires a material component to exist. From this proposal, this paper makes an explicit defense for a realist approach in sociology. To do this, critically reviews John Searle’s social ontology and makes concretes contributions to sociological theory, emphasizing the importance of action, power and causal reciprocity between individual and society, to have a social ontology that shows the specificity of the social. Aun cuando la vinculación entre los aspectos epistémicos y ontológicos de la realidad social ha sido siempre un asunto problemático para las ciencias sociales, este debate pierde centralidad desde mediados del siglo XX. Este artículo revisa críticamente las razones epistémicas de esa pérdida de centralidad, principalmente en relación con el constructivismo "duro", argumentando la necesidad de retomar el debate ontológico acerca de los fundamentos de la disciplina sociológica, al mismo tiempo que plantea una propuesta teórica de elucidación: la ontología de lo social se constituye epistémicamente; vale decir, la pregunta acerca de qué es lo social implica inevitablemente la pregunta por las creencias que lo constituyen. No obstante, la realidad social no se agota en las creencias, puesto que requiere de un componente material para existir. Desde esa propuesta, en una segunda parte, el artículo defiende la necesidad de adoptar una postura realista en sociología. Para ello, revisa críticamente la propuesta de ontología social de Searle y realiza aportes concretos desde la teoría sociológica, concluyendo la importancia de la acción, del poder y de la reciprocidad causal entre individuo y sociedad, para contar con una ontología que dé cuenta de la especificidad propia de lo social. (shrink)

This dissertation studies modern European philosophy's reflection the historical appearance of the human sciences, under the spell of either positivist ideology or historicism, while also making their scientific character a philosophical issue. The work thus hopes to situate the human sciences in an historical context out of which they become unintelligible: the philosophical reflection that, throughout late modernity, has registered their progressive appearance as disciplines of an uncertain and often questioned degree of scientificity. In this way, it challenges a standard (...) practice of 20th c. philosophy of science---to start with the tradition inherited from logical positivism, as though the genre began ex-nihilo around the time, or with, Popper's Logik der Forschung. ;The historical itinerary reconstructed begins with the antinomy nature/freedom in modern philosophy, particularly as it appears in the Kantian corpus. This is followed by an analysis of the dissolution of system philosophy against the background of the movements that constitute the historical matrix of the human sciences: positivism and historicism. Then the work considers the "return to Kant" in Dilthey and the neo-Kantians, which is a conscious attempt to reenact philosophical theories that may serve as scientific meta-language. Finally, the dissertation traces the reception of this Fragestellung in the phenomenologies of Husserl and Heidegger, particularly in the latter's turn from a destruction of metaphysics to a critique of science and technology. ;At the same time, the historical appearance of the sciences of man is considered together with the crisis of philosophy as epistemology or general theory of knowledge. This is done without disregard to the irreversible character of the epochal differend between science and philosophy, evidenced by the crisis of epistemology as scientific meta-language and the rise of an autonomous self-reflection of sciences that constitutes their own "philosophy of science." Thus the work's conclusion attempts to find the epistemological site of a reflection on man that may go beyond the empirical in the discursive space that opens up between natural science and the retreat of philosophy as theory of knowledge. (shrink)

En la pugna entre los sectores anticlericales y las mayorías religiosas, las minorías religiosas se ven enfrentadas a una encrucijada de hierro. Los religiosos parecen tener un juicio negativo-en general- del proceso denominado "secularismo". En el presente ensayo se sostiene la tesis de que sólo en..

for everyone to handle indiscriminately, since it was something great and holy. 28. They were not wrong, were they? For you are the holy mother who by ...

En este escrito me propongo presentar una reconstrucción à la Suppes de la Teoría pictórica, representacional o figurativa del lenguaje propuesta por L. Wittgenstein en el Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus para mostrar los límites del pensamiento, o más precisamente del lenguaje como expresión sensible del pensamiento, sobre el presupuesto de la existencia no explícita por parte de su autor de un isomorfismo entre la estructura del lenguaje, como expresión sensible del pensamiento, y la del mundo; de suerte que, para que el lenguaje (...) pueda figurar algo del mundo, se requiere que entre ambas estructuras, la del lenguaje y la del mundo, se pueda establecer una función h-isomórfica no solo a nivel de sus dominios respectivos, dado que ambos poseen la misma cardinalidad, sino entre sus predicados y relatores, dada su misma aridad. Con ella pretendo dar cuenta de la compleja teoría pictórica o figurativa con el fin de diferenciar aquello que podemos decir con sentido, de aquello que únicamente podemos mostrar. (shrink)

La reivindicación del sentimiento moral en el pensamiento materialista de M. Horkheimer adquiere nueva relevancia en el actual debate sobre los fundamentos y la motivación de la acción moral. Pero esa relevancia se malograría si fuera interpretada en un sentido contrario a su genuina intención. Ella no está, en efecto, en abrir la puerta a un irracionalismo romántico ni en proponer un retorno a una fundamentación premoderna, metafísica o teológica, de la moral, anticipándose a buena parte del actual pensamiento neoconservador. (...) Su originalidad y relevancia radican más bien en que el planteamiento materialista de Horkheimer incita a una decidida superación de las morales idealistas, formales y abstractamente universales, es decir particulares, hacia una moral postidealista de la compasión y la justicia universal. (shrink)

In Sociedades americanas en 1828, Simón Rodríguez describes and supports a republican attempt as a new way of government. Aware of the problem his project meant and warned against the accusation of being an utopian, he claims that the social republic would not be an utopia, as Tomas Moro imagined about, but the opportunity for the republics in South America to be the good place for an authentic social life. On the grounds that are described above, this paper examines analytically (...) and critically the relationships between republic and utopia in Simon Rodriguez. (shrink)

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1746–1828) manifeste dans les 82 gravures de la série Les désastres de la guerre, réalisées entre 1810 et 1815, un cri de protestation contre la violence du soulèvement du Dos de Mayo suite à l’invasion des troupes napoléoniennes, la guerre d'indépendance espagnole (1808–1814) et la Restauration bourbonienne qui s'ensuivit en 1814. Mais au lieu de développer une vision héroïque de la guerre Goya y représente la force des oppositions en prise avec la bestialité et brosse (...) un paysage humain qui mêle le sublime et l’horreur mais aussi des harmonies funèbres qui jouent avec les hommes emportés par l’Histoire. (shrink)

Comparing the value of intellectual presence to the theoretical reason in the role of the practical reason discovers the importance of the historical past. It allows us to establish the sense of the history in man.