A partir del estudio del comportamiento de los protagonistas en la obra de Franz Kafka, intentaremos mostrar los mecanismos de control de las autoridades administrativas, proponiendo al mismo tiempo un antídoto contra la sumisión acrítica. Una observación detallada de la configuración de las situaciones diegéticas permitirá invertir las situaciones de sometimiento forzoso para ofrecer, en la voz de las figuras teóricamente secundarias, una comprensión crítica que posibilite la recuperación de la libertad individual. Palabras-clave: Kafka, comedia, política, ley.

Through the study of the behaviour of the protagonists in the work of Franz Kafka, we will try to expose the control mechanisms used by the administrative authorities, providing at the same time with an antidote to uncritical submission. A thorough observation of the configuration of diegetic situations will allow to reverse the situations of forced compliance to proffer, in the voice of the so-called secondary figures, a critical understanding to enable the recovery of individual freedom.

We examine the comportment of the global trajectory of a piecewisely conceived single species population growth model. Formulation relies on what we develop as the principle of limiting factors for population growth, adapted from the law of the minimum of Liebig and the law of the tolerance of Shelford. The ensuing paradigm sets natality and mortality rates to express through extreme values of population growth determining factor. Dynamics through time occur over different growth phases. Transition points are interpreted as thresholds (...) of viability, starvation, and intraspecific competition. In this delivery, we focus on the qualitative study of the global trajectory expressed on continuous time and on exploring the feasibility of analytical results against data on populations growing under experimental or natural conditions. All study cases sustained fittings of high reproducibility both at empirical and interpretative slants. Possible phase configurations include regimes with multiple stable equilibria, sigmoidal growth, extinction, or stationarity. Here, we also outline that the associating discrete-time piecewise model composes the logistic map applied over a particular region of the phase configuration. Preliminary exploratory analysis suggests that the logistic map’s chaos onset could surpass once the orbit enters a contiguous phase region. (shrink)

Participatory research (PR) has been analyzed and documented from different points of view, with emphasis on the benefits generated for farmers. The effect of PR on organizational learning has, however, received little attention. This paper analyzes the interaction between a research and a development institution, the International Potato Center (CIP) and CARE in Peru, respectively, and makes the case that PR can contribute to creating a collaborative learning environment among organizations. The paper describes the evolution of the inter-institutional collaborative environment (...) between the two institutions for more than a decade, including an information-transfer period (1993–1996), an action-learning period (1997–2002), and a social-learning period (2003–2007). Several lessons learned from each period are described, as are changes in institutional contexts and stakeholders’ perceptions. The case shows that research and development-oriented organizations can interact fruitfully using PR as a mechanism to promote learning, flexibility in interactions, and innovation. Interactions foster the diffusion of information and the sharing of tacit knowledge within and between organizations, which in turn influences behavior. However, the paper also argues that long-term inter-organizational interactions are needed to facilitate learning, which can be used to influence the way organizations implement their interventions in a constantly changing environment. (shrink)

In this paper we attempt to physically interpret the Modal Kochen–Specker theorem. In order to do so, we analyze the features of the possible properties of quantum systems arising from the elements in an orthomodular lattice and distinguish the use of “possibility” in the classical and quantum formalisms. Taking into account the modal and many worlds non-collapse interpretation of the projection postulate, we discuss how the MKS theorem rules the constraints to actualization, and thus, the relation between actual and possible (...) realms. (shrink)

This paper defends the view that the Faculty of Language is compositional, i.e., that it computes the meaning of complex expressions from the meanings of their immediate constituents and their structure. I fargue that compositionality and other competing constraints on the way in which the Faculty of Language computes the meanings of complex expressions should be understood as hypotheses about innate constraints of the Faculty of Language. I then argue that, unlike compositionality, most of the currently available non-compositional constraints predict (...) incorrect patterns of early linguistic development. This supports the view that the Faculty of Language is com- positional. More generally, this paper presents a way of framing the compositionality debate (by focusing on its implications for language acquisition) that can lead to its even- tual resolution, so it will hopefully also interest theorists who disagree with its main conclusion. (shrink)

In a recent article, Hayakawa and Keysar (2018) propose that mental imagery is less vivid when evoked in a foreign than in a native language. The authors argue that reduced mental imagery could even account for moral foreign language effects, whereby moral choices become more utilitarian when made in a foreign language. Here we demonstrate that Hayakawa and Keysar's (2018) key results are better explained by reduced language comprehension in a foreign language than by less vivid imagery. We argue that (...) the paradigm used in Hayakawa and Keysar (2018) does not provide a satisfactory test of reduced imagery and we discuss an alternative paradigm based on recent experimental developments. (shrink)

El ensayo parte de la premisa que el método científico funciona como un dispositivo de generación de verdades articuladas con estrategias de ejercicio del poder. Los argumentos desarrollados giran en torno a una crítica de la supremacía de la ciencia formal en el quehacer científico social y el uso ..

Batteries are a fundamental storage component due to its various applications in mobility, renewable energies and consumer electronics among others. Regardless of the battery typology, one key variable from a user’s perspective is the remaining energy in the battery. It is usually presented as the percentage of remaining energy compared to the total energy that can be stored and is labeled State Of Charge (SOC). This work addresses the development of a hybrid model based on a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) (...) power cell, due to its broad implementation. The proposed model calculates the SOC, by means of voltage and electric current as inputs and the latter as the output. Therefore, four models based on k-Means, Agglomerative Clustering, Gaussian Mixture and Spectral Clustering techniques have been tested in order to obtain an optimal solution. (shrink)

Designers’ intentions are important for determining an artifact’s proper function (i.e., its perceived real function). However, there are disagreements regarding why. In one view, people reason causally about artifacts’ functional outcomes, and designers’ intended functions become important to the extent that they allow inferring outcomes. In another view, people use knowledge of designers’ intentions to determine proper functions, but this is unrelated to causal reasoning, having perhaps to do with intentional or social forms of reasoning (e.g., authority). Regarding these latter (...) social factors, researchers have proposed that designers’ intentions operate through a mechanism akin to social conventions, and that therefore both are determinants of proper function. In the current work, participants learned about an object’s creation, about social conventions for its use and about a specific episode where the artifact was used. The function implemented by the user could be aligned with the designer’s intended function, the social convention, both, or neither (i.e., an opportunistic use). Importantly, the use episode always resulted in an accident. Data show that the accident negatively affected proper function judgments and perceived efficiency for conventional and opportunistic functions, but not for designers’ intended functions. This is inconsistent with the view that designers’ intentions are conceptualized as causes of functional outcomes and with the idea that designers’ intentions and social conventions operate through a common mechanism. (shrink)

In 1967 Macedonio Fernández proposed new perspectives to read and write the Latin American novel with El museo de la novela de la Eterna. This article will analyze some of the metafictional games which the Argentinean writer played in his great work. At the same time, it will show how these games developed –with their unique style– foundational concepts of Literature Studies, presented in theory streams such as Formalism, Structuralism and Postmodernism.

En 1969, Ernesto Cardenal publica Homenaje a los Indios Americanos. Veintitrés años después, para el quinto centenario del encuentro entre los dos mundos, Cardenal reedita una versión aumentada de este primer homenaje: Los ovnis de oro (1992). En el presente artículo, se visibilizarán, en la lectura de estos dos textos, los mecanismos poéticos que emplea Cardenal para reflexionar sobre su tiempo desde imaginarios y categorías amerindias.

La eleuthería tiene una connotación política y cultural para los antiguos griegos. Refiere la condición libre de los ciudadanos griegos frente a los pueblos bárbaros que prefieren el gobierno tiránico. Platón y Aristóteles, además, hablan de la eleuthería en un sentido moral; esto es, como la condición libre del hombre virtuoso. Pero Aristóteles se refiere a una virtud en concreto: la liberalidad. La liberalidad supone el uso prudente de las riquezas, es decir, el justo medio entre la avaricia y la (...) prodigalidad. Pero el ejercicio de esta virtud repercute en el ámbito político. Primero, porque la ciudadanía presupone en sí misma la virtud moral. Segundo, porque en el núcleo de la liberalidad radica la estabilidad de la pólis; la avaricia o la ambición desmedidas son las que ponen en peligro la estabilidad de la pólis. Por lo tanto, eleuthería tiene un sentido unitario, que va del ámbito privado al político. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a la discusión sobre la interculturalidad, en perspectiva crítica, desde la filosofía de la praxis histórica de Ignacio Ellacuría, y de la filosofía del reconocimiento de Raúl Fornet Betancourt. Esta propuesta surge como contribución desde la comprensión de una realidad histórica en permanente proceso, dinamismo, respectividad y novedad, y en donde la praxis histórica permite entenderla como apropiación de posibilidades y transformación social: This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on interculturality, in critical (...) perspective, from the philosophy of the historical practice of Ignacio Ellacuría, and the philosophy of the recognition of Raúl Fornet Betancourt. This proposal arises as a contribution from the understanding of a historical reality in a permanent process, dynamism, respectivity and novelty, and where historical praxis allows understanding it as an appropriation of possibilities and social transformation. (shrink)

La intensión del presente trabajo es la de explorar la relación medios-fines exponiendo que la misma se presenta en la obra de John Dewey como camino y horizonte coherente y consistente de su propuesta filosófica y educativa. La relación medios-fines dirige la investigación llevándonos a una comprensión del conocimiento como practica evaluativa y transformadora. Esta concepción epistemológica sienta las bases para repensar la educación y la democracia y brinda elementos suficientes para superar las dicotomías pensamiento - emoción, hechos - valores (...) y sociedad-individuo. El método utilizado es la investigación. La educación y la democracia son los espacios en los cuales la relación medios-fines, ya sea en su fase natural o adaptativa, ya sea en su fase moral o critica, ya sea en su fase social o publica, encuentra unidad y continuidad. En la educación de, por y para la democracia la inteligencia y la actividad se interrelacionan mutuamente. (shrink)

This paper analyses the features of Kant’s view of memory, which Kant himself described explicitly in his lectures on anthropology and implicitly in the A edition of the Critique of Pure Reason. I shall offer a review of literature on Kant’s view of memory up to this day. I suggest that memory is a cognitive faculty that has the power to store and reproduce representations. Kant distinguishes among three different kinds of memorization which are relevant for human cognition. I offer (...) reasons to hold that imagination and memory must be differentiated by their functioning, although the first one grounds the second one. Finally, I hold that certain functions of memory need to be presupposed at a transcendental level, in which memory would play a fundamental function with regard to the possibility of experience. Resumen Este artículo analiza los rasgos de la concepción de la memoria de Kant, los cuales él describió explícitamente en sus lecciones sobre antropología e implícitamente en la edición A de la Crítica de la Razón Pura. Proporcionaré una revisión de la literatura sobre la concepción de Kant acerca de la memoria hasta el presente. Sugiero que la memoria es una facultad cognitiva que tiene el poder de almacenar y reproducir representaciones. Kant distingue tres tipos diferentes de memorización, los cuales son relevantes para el conocimiento humano. Asimismo, proporciono razones para sostener que la imaginación y la memoria deben ser diferenciadas por su funcionamiento, aunque la primera es el fundamento de la segunda. Finalmente, sostengo que ciertas funciones de la memoria necesitan ser presupuestas a un nivel trascendental, en el cual la memoria cumpliría una función fundamental con respecto a la posibilidad de la experiencia. (shrink)

The following paper proposes that Sallust offers a conceptualization of civil conflict more in line with the Greek paradigm of stasis than with its Roman counterpart bellum ciuile. In doing so, it argues for the actual coexistence of these two differentiated conceptual strands in the political thought of the Late Republic. To this end, Sallust's corpus is analysed to identify the main threads that articulate civil strife in its multifarious manifestations: how it arises and who its protagonists are or, conversely, (...) how it is kept in check, how it is connected to the human passions that drive ideology, and the violence that stems from the clash between political and familial spheres of influence. The article shows how the pathos of familial drama is what characterizes civil conflict for Sallust, rather than the struggle for legitimacy found in Cicero's narrative. (shrink)

The following paper offers a study on how contestation over the meaning of language forged the political ideology present in the second of the Epistulae ad Caesarem. ‘Ideology’ being a notoriously malleable concept, Michael Freeden’s theoretical approach is used to focus what it means, how it is manifested in the sources, and how it can be located and analysed. The political thought of the Late Republic is studied by examining the vocabulary contained in one of the disputed letters that Sallust (...) addressed to Julius Caesar. Taking libertas as a case study of an ‘essentially contested concept’, the relation between language, meaning and ideology is dissected, outlining the morphological configuration that underlies the second Epistula. It is argued that the resulting array of political arguments is one iteration of what has been called popularis ideology. (shrink)

This paper aims to describe and present, as approach, the research and intellectual process that develops Heidegger his first lessons in Fribourg, The idea of philosophy and the problem of worldview, in which attempts to set up some idea of philosophy as the original science. At the same time, this paper is intended as a contribution to the dissemination and knowledge of Heidegger’s intellectual stage, which in my opinion, allow a deeper and a comprehensive set of understanding his work and (...) thought. (shrink)

El autor nos plantea las ideas sobre la naturaleza que desarrolló Martí, las que forman parte del universo más amplio de preocupaciones, intereses y lecturas que compartió con un número de jóvenes intelectuales de la región que se percibían como modernos, por una combinación de liberales en lo ideológico, demócratas en lo político, y patriotas en lo cultural. Afirma que Martí ofrece tres aportes de especial interés para una historia de lo ambiental como problema en nuestra cultura: sus observaciones acerca (...) de las interacciones entre la historia humana y la historia natural; su lectura de autores de la moderna cultura ambiental anglosajona y finalmente su incorporación de lo natural al campo de lo político. (shrink)

The 8th National Congress of Philosophy has been held at the National University of Mar del Plata 27 November - 1 December 1995. Although the number of papers was unexpectedly high, only three of them were devoted to Leibniz' thought: Oscar Esquisabel on “Ratio universalis. The Leibnizian Order of the Sciences: Analysis and Synthesis,” Evelyn Vargas on “Juridical Topic and Mathematical Tradition in the Leibnizian Concept of 'Case',” and A. Guillermo Ranea on “Monads on the Silk Road: How to (...) keep an Empire within the Pinhead of Rationality.” Two outstanding Leibniz scholars attending the Congress, Quentín Racionero Carmona and E. de Olaso devoted their contributions to the forthcoming celebration of the fourth centenary of Descartes' birth. (shrink)

Ressenya /Reseña / Review H. U. Gumbrecht, R. Koselleck, H. Stuke, Il·lustració, progrés i modernitat. Història dels conceptes, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2018.

El autor define primeramente que lo ambiental como objeto de estudio histórico– constituye un campo en formación, que se ocupa de las interacciones entre las sociedades humanas y el mundo natural, y de las consecuencias de esas interacciones para ambas partes a lo largo del tiempo. Para precisar la definición, explora la estructura interna del campo y el proceso que conduce a su formación. Postula luego que una historia ambiental latinoamericana enfrenta nuevos desafíos si aspira a ser universal, y que (...) ello es lo que le permitirá trabajar con aquellos que, en el marco de la cultura ecológica del Norte, comparten las mismas preocupaciones respecto al impacto de la civilización sobre el mundo natural. Sostiene finalmente que lo que está en juego es la necesidad de una historia planetaria. (shrink)

Medicine has historically been slow to adopt new technologies. Although telepsychiatry was already to some degree in use before the COVID-19 pandemic, the imposed limitations on person-to-person contacts accelerated its growth exponentially. Outcome studies have generally supported telepsychiatry’s use,1 but the breathtaking rapid shift from in-person to video visits across psychiatry has occurred prior to more in-depth examinations on the fundamental changes to the nature of the patient–physician interface. In their paper: “Can you hear me?”: communication, relationship and ethics in (...) video-based telepsychiatric consultations’, the authors aptly take this deep dive, carefully parsing out the potential areas of change from live visits to virtual sense by sense. The authors describe the sensory and spatial context of psychiatric consultation, where vision, hearing and even smell play a role in the assessment of the patient. Furthermore, they consider multiple aspects around telepsychiatric consultations, including technical and educational components for patients and clinicians, and highlight the ethical dimensions of a psychiatric consultation under this new model.2 How many clinical clues might a …. (shrink)