Results for ' pupil dilation'

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  1.  14
    Pupil dilation in the Simon task as a marker of conflict processing.Henk van Steenbergen & Guido P. H. Band - 2013 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7.
  2.  4
    Pupils Dilate More to Harder Vocabulary Words than Easier Ones.Ishanti Gangopadhyay, Daniel Fulford, Kathleen Corriveau, Jessica Mow, Pearl Han Li & Sudha Arunachalam - 2024 - Cognitive Science 48 (4):e13446.
    Understanding cognitive effort expended during assessments is essential to improving efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility within these assessments. Pupil dilation is commonly used as a psychophysiological measure of cognitive effort, yet research on its relationship with effort expended specifically during language processing is limited. The present study adds to and expands on this literature by investigating the relationships among pupil dilation, trial difficulty, and accuracy during a vocabulary test. Participants (n = 63, Mage = 19.25) completed a (...)
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  3.  23
    Pupil dilatation and dark adaptation.R. H. Brown & H. E. Page - 1939 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 25 (4):347.
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  4.  12
    Increased pupil dilation during tip-of-the-tongue states.Anthony J. Ryals, Megan E. Kelly & Anne M. Cleary - 2021 - Consciousness and Cognition 92 (C):103152.
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  5.  14
    Eye Movements, Pupil Dilation, and Conflict Detection in Reasoning: Exploring the Evidence for Intuitive Logic.Zoe A. Purcell, Andrew J. Roberts, Simon J. Handley & Stephanie Howarth - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (6):e13293.
    A controversial claim in recent dual process accounts of reasoning is that intuitive processes not only lead to bias but are also sensitive to the logical status of an argument. The intuitive logic hypothesis draws upon evidence that reasoners take longer and are less confident on belief–logic conflict problems, irrespective of whether they give the correct logical response. In this paper, we examine conflict detection under conditions in which participants are asked to either judge the logical validity or believability of (...)
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  6.  15
    Individual differences in pupil dilation to others’ emotional and neutral eyes with varying pupil sizes.Christine Fawcett, Elisabeth Nordenswan, Santeri Yrttiaho, Tuomo Häikiö, Riikka Korja, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson & Eeva-Leena Kataja - 2022 - Cognition and Emotion 36 (5):928-942.
    Sensitivity to others’ emotional signals is an important factor for social interaction. While many studies of emotional reactivity focus on facial emotional expressions, signals such as pupil dilation which can indicate arousal, may also affect observers. For example, observers’ pupils dilate when viewing someone with dilated pupils, so-called pupillary contagion. Yet it is unclear how pupil size and emotional expression interact as signals. Further, examining individual differences in emotional reactivity to others can shed light on its mechanisms (...)
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  7.  29
    Pupil dilation during recognition memory: Isolating unexpected recognition from judgment uncertainty.Ravi D. Mill, Akira R. O’Connor & Ian G. Dobbins - 2016 - Cognition 154 (C):81-94.
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  8.  51
    Pupil dilation patterns reflect the contents of consciousness.Olivia Kang & Thalia Wheatley - 2015 - Consciousness and Cognition 35:128-135.
  9. Pupils dilated : towards a pedagogy of emergence.Naeem Inayatullah - 2022 - In Kate Schick & Claire Timperley (eds.), Subversive pedagogies: radical possibility in the academy. New York, NY: Routledge.
     
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  10. Pupils dilated : towards a pedagogy of emergence.Naeem Inayatullah - 2022 - In Kate Schick & Claire Timperley (eds.), Subversive pedagogies: radical possibility in the academy. New York, NY: Routledge.
     
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  11.  26
    Gaze-fixation and pupil dilation in the processing of emotional faces: The role of rumination.Almudena Duque, Alvaro Sanchez & Carmelo Vazquez - 2014 - Cognition and Emotion 28 (8):1347-1366.
  12.  59
    Monitoring Alpha Oscillations and Pupil Dilation across a Performance-Intensity Function.Catherine M. McMahon, Isabelle Boisvert, Peter de Lissa, Louise Granger, Ronny Ibrahim, Chi Yhun Lo, Kelly Miles & Petra L. Graham - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  13.  35
    Grounding by Attention Simulation in Peripersonal Space: Pupils Dilate to Pinch Grip But Not Big Size Nominal Classifier.Marit Lobben & Agata Bochynska - 2018 - Cognitive Science:1-24.
    Grammatical categories represent implicit knowledge, and it is not known if such abstract linguistic knowledge can be continuously grounded in real-life experiences, nor is it known what types of mental states can be simulated. A former study showed that attention bias in peripersonal space affects reaction times in grammatical congruency judgments of nominal classifiers, suggesting that simulated semantics may include reenactment of attention. In this study, we contrasted a Chinese nominal classifier used with nouns denoting pinch grip objects with a (...)
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  14.  9
    Intrinsic Altruism or Social Motivation—What Does Pupil Dilation Tell Us about Children's Helping Behavior?Carolina Pletti, Anne Scheel & Markus Paulus - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  15.  17
    Novel paradigms to measure variability of behavior in early childhood: posture, gaze, and pupil dilation.Robert Hepach, Amrisha Vaish & Michael Tomasello - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  16.  14
    Gaze and the Eye Pupil Adjust to Imagined Size and Distance.Unni Sulutvedt, Thea K. Mannix & Bruno Laeng - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (8):3159-3176.
    Pupillary responses and associated vergence eye movements were monitored during imagery of objects of differing sizes (“large” or “small”) from varying distances (“near” or “far”). Objects’ imagined size and distance affected oculomotor behavior. Objects visualized as “far” resulted in the larger pupil dilations and smaller visual angle, while small objects imagined “near” were associated with smaller pupils in contrast to relatively larger pupils when imagined as “far” away. Furthermore, near objects resulted in larger visual angle, and particularly, vergence adjustments (...)
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  17.  7
    A Recurrent Neural Network for Attenuating Non-cognitive Components of Pupil Dynamics.Sharath Koorathota, Kaveri Thakoor, Linbi Hong, Yaoli Mao, Patrick Adelman & Paul Sajda - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    There is increasing interest in how the pupil dynamics of the eye reflect underlying cognitive processes and brain states. Problematic, however, is that pupil changes can be due to non-cognitive factors, for example luminance changes in the environment, accommodation and movement. In this paper we consider how by modeling the response of the pupil in real-world environments we can capture the non-cognitive related changes and remove these to extract a residual signal which is a better index of (...)
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  18. Recruiting pupils for a school-based eye study in Nigeria: Trust and informed consent concerns.Ferdinand Chinedum Maduka-Okafor, Onochie Ike Okoye, Ngozi Oguego, Nnenma Udeh, Ada Aghaji, Obiekwe Okoye, Ifeoma R. Ezegwui, Emmanuel Amaechi Nwobi, Euzebus Ezugwu, Ernest Onwasigwe, Rich E. Umeh & Chiamaka Aneji - 2021 - Sage Publications Ltd: Research Ethics 18 (1):13-23.
    Research Ethics, Volume 18, Issue 1, Page 13-23, January 2022. School-based research presents ethical challenges, especially with respect to informed consent. The manner in which pupils and their parents respond to an invitation to participate in research is likely to depend on several factors, including the level of trust between them and the researchers. This paper describes our recruitment and consent process for a school-based eye study in Nigeria. In the course of our study, a particular governmental incident helped to (...)
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  19.  9
    Face-Specific Pupil Contagion in Infants.Yuki Tsuji, So Kanazawa & Masami K. Yamaguchi - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Pupil contagion is the phenomenon in which an observer’s pupil-diameter changes in response to another person’s pupil. Even chimpanzees and infants in early development stages show pupil contagion. This study investigated whether dynamic changes in pupil diameter would induce changes in infants’ pupil diameter. We also investigated pupil contagion in the context of different faces. We measured the pupil-diameter of 50 five- to six-month-old infants in response to changes in the pupil (...)
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  20.  3
    Interactions between acoustic challenges and processing depth in speech perception as measured by task-evoked pupil response.Jing Shen, Laura P. Fitzgerald & Erin R. Kulick - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Speech perception under adverse conditions is a multistage process involving a dynamic interplay among acoustic, cognitive, and linguistic factors. Nevertheless, prior research has primarily focused on factors within this complex system in isolation. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the interaction between processing depth and the acoustic challenge of noise and its effect on processing effort during speech perception in noise. Two tasks were used to represent different depths of processing. The speech recognition task involved repeating (...)
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  21.  40
    Factors that degrade the match distribution in iris biometrics.Kevin W. Bowyer, Sarah E. Baker, Amanda Hentz, Karen Hollingsworth, Tanya Peters & Patrick J. Flynn - 2009 - Identity in the Information Society 2 (3):327-343.
    We consider three accepted truths about iris biometrics, involving pupil dilation, contact lenses and template aging. We also consider a relatively ignored issue that may arise in system interoperability. Experimental results from our laboratory demonstrate that the three accepted truths are not entirely true, and also that interoperability can involve subtle performance degradation. All four of these problems affect primarily the stability of the match, or authentic, distribution of template comparison scores rather than the non-match, or imposter, distribution (...)
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  22.  15
    Opposite effects of emotion and event segmentation on temporal order memory and object-context binding.Monika Riegel, Daniel Granja, Tarek Amer, Patrik Vuilleumier & Ulrike Rimmele - forthcoming - Cognition and Emotion.
    Our daily lives unfold continuously, yet our memories are organised into distinct events, situated in a specific context of space and time, and chunked when this context changes (at event boundaries). Previous research showed that this process, termed event segmentation, enhances object-context binding but impairs temporal order memory. Physiologically, peaks in pupil dilation index event segmentation, similar to emotion-induced bursts of autonomic arousal. Emotional arousal also modulates object-context binding and temporal order memory. Yet, these two critical factors have (...)
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  23.  6
    The Principle of Least Effort and Comprehension of Spoken Sentences by Younger and Older Adults.Nicolai D. Ayasse, Alana J. Hodson & Arthur Wingfield - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    There is considerable evidence that listeners’ understanding of a spoken sentence need not always follow from a full analysis of the words and syntax of the utterance. Rather, listeners may instead conduct a superficial analysis, sampling some words and using presumed plausibility to arrive at an understanding of the sentence meaning. Because this latter strategy occurs more often for sentences with complex syntax that place a heavier processing burden on the listener than sentences with simpler syntax, shallow processing may represent (...)
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  24.  61
    The Cognitive‐Evolutionary Model of Surprise: A Review of the Evidence. [REVIEW]Rainer Reisenzein, Gernot Horstmann & Achim Schützwohl - 2019 - Topics in Cognitive Science 11 (1):50-74.
    Research on surprise relevant to the cognitive-evolutionary model of surprise proposed by Meyer, Reisenzein, and Schützwohl is reviewed. The majority of the assumptions of the model are found empirically supported. Surprise is evoked by unexpected events and its intensity is determined by the degree if schema-discrepancy, whereas the novelty and the valence of the eliciting events probably do not have an independent effect. Unexpected events cause an automatic interruption of ongoing mental processes that is followed by an attentional shift and (...)
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  25.  28
    Observing and influencing preferences in real time. Gaze, morality and dynamic decision-making.Philip Pärnamets - unknown
    Preference formation and choice are dynamic cognitive processes arising from interactions between decision-makers and their immediate choice environment. This thesis examines how preferences and decisions are played out in visual attention, captured by eye-movements, as well as in group contexts. Papers I-II make use of the Choice Blindness paradigm. Paper I compares participants’ eye movements and pupil dilation over the course of a trial when participants detect and fail to detect the false feedback concerning their choices. Results indicate (...)
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  26.  33
    The Attraction of Synchrony: A Hip-Hop Dance Study.Colleen Tang Poy & Matthew H. Woolhouse - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    This study investigated an evolutionary-adaptive explanation for the cultural ubiquity of choreographed synchronous dance: that it evolved to increase interpersonal aesthetic appreciation and/or attractiveness. In turn, it is assumed that this may have facilitated social bonding and therefore procreation between individuals within larger groups. In this dual-dancer study, individuals performed fast or slow hip-hop choreography to fast-, medium-, or slow-tempo music; when paired laterally, this gave rise to split-screen video stimuli in which there were four basic categories of dancer and (...)
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  27.  30
    Goals and targets: a developmental puzzle about sensitivity to others’ actions.Stephen A. Butterfill - 2019 - Synthese 198 (Suppl 17):3969-3990.
    Sensitivity to others’ actions is essential for social animals like humans and a fundamental requirement for any kind of social cognition. Unsurprisingly, it is present in humans from early in the first year of life. But what processes underpin infants’ sensitivity to others’ actions? Any attempt to answer this question must solve twin puzzles about the development of goal tracking. Why does some, but not all, of infants’ goal tracking appear to be limited by their abilities to represent the observed (...)
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  28.  34
    Neural Substrates of Social Perception.Ralph Adolphs & Elina Birmingham - 2011 - In Andy Calder, Gillian Rhodes, Mark Johnson & Jim Haxby (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Face Perception. Oxford University Press.
    A central source of socially meaningful signals is the face, which can be visually analyzed to understand a person's emotions, intentions, beliefs, and desires, along with information about that person's social status, approachability, age, and gender. This article reviews the neural basis of the perception of such signals in humans, focusing on facial expression and gaze, and touching on lesser-studied signals such as pupil dilation and blushing. It discusses the involvement of structures such as the insula, orbitofrontal cortex, (...)
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  29.  20
    Hyper-volume of eye-contact perception and social anxiety traits.Motoyasu Honma - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (1):167-173.
    Eye-contact facilitates effective interpersonal exchange during social interactions, but can be a considerable source of anxiety for individuals with social phobia. However, the relationship between the fundamental spatial range of eye-contact perception and psychiatric traits is, to date, unknown. In this study, I analyzed the eye-contact spatial response bias and the associated pupil response, and how they relate to traits of social interaction disorders. In a face-to-face situation, 21 pairs of subjects were randomly assigned to be either viewers or (...)
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  30.  12
    Do Musicians and Non-musicians Differ in Speech-on-Speech Processing?Elif Canseza Kaplan, Anita E. Wagner, Paolo Toffanin & Deniz Başkent - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Earlier studies have shown that musically trained individuals may have a benefit in adverse listening situations when compared to non-musicians, especially in speech-on-speech perception. However, the literature provides mostly conflicting results. In the current study, by employing different measures of spoken language processing, we aimed to test whether we could capture potential differences between musicians and non-musicians in speech-on-speech processing. We used an offline measure of speech perception, which reveals a post-task response, and online measures of real time spoken language (...)
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  31.  15
    Is Categorization in Visual Working Memory a Way to Reduce Mental Effort? A Pupillometry Study.Cherie Zhou, Monicque M. Lorist & Sebastiaan Mathôt - 2022 - Cognitive Science 46 (9):e13194.
    Cognitive Science, Volume 46, Issue 9, September 2022.
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  32.  17
    The effect upon dark adaptation and visual periodicity of atropin and homatropin.R. C. Travis - 1926 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 9 (4):348.
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  33.  11
    Influence of the Location of a Decision Cue on the Dynamics of Pupillary Light Response.Pragya Pandey & Supriya Ray - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    The pupils of the eyes reflexively constrict in light and dilate in dark to optimize retinal illumination. Non-visual cognitive factors, like attention, arousal, decision-making, etc., also influence pupillary light response. During passive viewing, the eccentricity of a stimulus modulates the pupillary aperture size driven by spatially weighted corneal flux density, which is the product of luminance and the area of the stimulus. Whether the scope of attention also influences PLR remains unclear. In this study, we contrasted the pupil dynamics (...)
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  34.  18
    Maarten Simons & Jan Masschelein.Exclusive Pupils - 2005 - In Shelley Tremain (ed.), _Foucault and the Government of Disability_. University of Michigan Press. pp. 208.
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  35. the Concept of an Objective Rest, System, Robert J. Buenker, Fachbereich C-Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [REVIEW]Time Dilation - 2010 - Apeiron: Studies in Infinite Nature 17 (2).
  36. Dilation, Disintegrations, and Delayed Decisions.Arthur Paul Pedersen & Gregory Wheeler - 2015 - In Thomas Augistin, Serena Dora, Enrique Miranda & Erik Quaeghebeur (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications (ISIPTA 2015). Aracne Editrice. pp. 227–236.
    Both dilation and non-conglomerability have been alleged to conflict with a fundamental principle of Bayesian methodology that we call \textit{Good's Principle}: one should always delay making a terminal decision between alternative courses of action if given the opportunity to first learn, at zero cost, the outcome of an experiment relevant to the decision. In particular, both dilation and non-conglomerability have been alleged to permit or even mandate choosing to make a terminal decision in deliberate ignorance of relevant, cost-free (...)
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  37. Dilation and Asymmetric Relevance.Arthur Paul Pedersen & Gregory Wheeler - 2019 - Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 103:324-26.
    A characterization result of dilation in terms of positive and negative association admits an extremal counterexample, which we present together with a minor repair of the result. Dilation may be asymmetric whereas covariation itself is symmetric. Dilation is still characterized in terms of positive and negative covariation, however, once the event to be dilated has been specified.
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  38. Intuitive Dilation?Casey Hart & Michael G. Titelbaum - 2015 - Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 4 (4):252-262.
    Roger White objects to interval-valued credence theories because they produce a counterintuitive “dilation” effect in a story he calls the Coin Game. We respond that results in the Coin Game were bound to be counterintuitive anyway, because the story involves an agent who learns a biconditional. Biconditional updates produce surprising results whether the credences involved are ranged or precise, so White's story is no counterexample to ranged credence theories.
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  39. Demystifying Dilation.Arthur Paul Pedersen & Gregory Wheeler - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (6):1305-1342.
    Dilation occurs when an interval probability estimate of some event E is properly included in the interval probability estimate of E conditional on every event F of some partition, which means that one’s initial estimate of E becomes less precise no matter how an experiment turns out. Critics maintain that dilation is a pathological feature of imprecise probability models, while others have thought the problem is with Bayesian updating. However, two points are often overlooked: (1) knowing that E (...)
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  40.  50
    Habermas, Pupil Voice, Rationalism, and Their Meeting with Lacan’s Objet Petit A.Paul Moran & Mark Murphy - 2011 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 31 (2):171-181.
    Pupil voice’ is a movement within state education in England that is associated with democracy, change, participation and the raising of educational standards. While receiving much attention from educators and policy makers, less attention has been paid to the theory behind the concept of pupil voice. An obvious point of theoretical departure is the work of Jürgen Habermas, who over a number of decades has endeavoured to develop a theory of democracy that places strong significance on language, communication (...)
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  41. Dilating and contracting arbitrarily.David Builes, Sophie Horowitz & Miriam Schoenfield - 2020 - Noûs 56 (1):3-20.
    Standard accuracy-based approaches to imprecise credences have the consequence that it is rational to move between precise and imprecise credences arbitrarily, without gaining any new evidence. Building on the Educated Guessing Framework of Horowitz (2019), we develop an alternative accuracy-based approach to imprecise credences that does not have this shortcoming. We argue that it is always irrational to move from a precise state to an imprecise state arbitrarily, however it can be rational to move from an imprecise state to a (...)
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  42.  48
    Agreeing to disagree and dilation.Jiji Zhang, Hailin Liu & Teddy Seidenfeld - unknown
    We consider Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis’s generalization of Aumman’s famous result on “agreeing to disagree", in the context of imprecise probability. The main purpose is to reveal a connection between the possibility of agreeing to disagree and the interesting and anomalous phenomenon known as dilation. We show that for two agents who share the same set of priors and update by conditioning on every prior, it is impossible to agree to disagree on the lower or upper probability of a hypothesis (...)
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  43.  16
    Architecture, dilatation, unproduction.Pierre Caye - 2015 - Rivista di Estetica 58:21-30.
    Architecture is the key mediator between time or duration and production. Creating architecture consists of spacing, leaving intervals, dilating. Space contributes to the construction of time, just as time contributes to the construction of space. This mutual construction of space and time by the means of architecture offers a new approach of the transcendental aesthetic, a transcendental aesthetic which determines the conditions of the productive system to promote the sustainable development.
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  44. Counterexamples to Some Characterizations of Dilation.Michael Nielsen & Rush T. Stewart - 2021 - Erkenntnis 86 (5):1107-1118.
    We provide counterexamples to some purported characterizations of dilation due to Pedersen and Wheeler :1305–1342, 2014, ISIPTA ’15: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on imprecise probability: theories and applications, 2015).
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  45.  13
    Pupil mimicry in infants and parents.Evin Aktar, Maartje E. J. Raijmakers & Mariska E. Kret - 2020 - Cognition and Emotion 34 (6):1160-1170.
    Changes in pupil size can reflect social interest or affect, and tend to get mimicked by observers during eye contact. Pupil mimicry has recently been observed in young infants, whereas it is unkno...
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  46.  6
    Dilatation in planes containing dipole accumulations.M. B. McNeil & J. C. Grosskreutz - 1967 - Philosophical Magazine 16 (144):1115-1118.
  47.  30
    Shanghai pupils' motivation towards learning English and the perceived influence of important others.Chris Kyriacou & Die Zhu - 2008 - Educational Studies 34 (2):97-104.
    This paper explores the perceptions of senior high school pupils in Shanghai regarding their motivation towards learning English and their perceived influence on this of important others . The study is based on 610 questionnaire responses and 64 interviews. The findings indicate that their English learning motivation is dominated by life and career‐based reasons rather than intrinsic or integrative reasons. The influence of important others was perceived as being positive but small, with teachers being viewed as the most influential.
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  48.  5
    Balloon Dilators for Labor Induction: a Historical Review.James Andrew Smith - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 6.
    A number of recent articles attribute the origin of the use of cervical balloon dilation in the induction of labor to either Barnes in the 1860s or Embrey and Mollison in the 1960s. This review examines the historical record and reveals that, based on current practice attribution should rather be made to two contemporaries of Barnes: the Storer and Mattei. More importantly, Storer’s warning about the rubber used in dilators was ignored, leading to decades of possibly unnecessary deaths following (...)
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  49.  27
    Bootstrapping Time Dilation Decoherence.Cisco Gooding & William G. Unruh - 2015 - Foundations of Physics 45 (10):1166-1178.
    We present a general relativistic model of a spherical shell of matter with a perfect fluid on its surface coupled to an internal oscillator, which generalizes a model recently introduced by the authors to construct a self-gravitating interferometer. The internal oscillator evolution is defined with respect to the local proper time of the shell, allowing the oscillator to serve as a local clock that ticks differently depending on the shell’s position and momentum. A Hamiltonian reduction is performed on the system, (...)
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  50.  15
    Dilatational viscoplasticity of polycrystalline solids with intergranular cavities.R. A. Lebensohn, M. I. Idiart, P. Ponte Castañeda & P. -G. Vincent - 2011 - Philosophical Magazine 91 (22):3038-3067.
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