Results for ' Immune System'

994 found
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  1.  39
    Artificial Immune System–Negative Selection Classification Algorithm (NSCA) for Four Class Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals.Nasir Rashid, Javaid Iqbal, Fahad Mahmood, Anam Abid, Umar S. Khan & Mohsin I. Tiwana - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12:424534.
    Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) are intelligent algorithms derived on the principles inspired by human immune system. In this research work, electroencephalography (EEG) signals for four distinct motor movement of human limbs are detected and classified using Negative Selection Classification Algorithm (NSCA). For this study, a widely studied open source EEG signal database (BCI IV - Graz dataset 2a, comprising 9 subjects) has been used. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) are extracted as selected feature from recorded EEG signals. (...)
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  2.  81
    The immune system and its ecology.Alfred I. Tauber - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (2):224-245.
    In biology, the ‘ecological orientation' rests on a commitment to examining systems, and the conceptual challenge of defining that system now employs techniques and concepts adapted from diverse disciplines (i.e., systems philosophy, cybernetics, information theory, computer science) that are applied to biological simulations and model building. Immunology has joined these efforts, and the question posed here is whether the discipline will remain committed to its theoretical concerns framed by the notions of protecting an insular self, an entity demarcated from (...)
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  3.  86
    Behavioral Immune System Responses to Coronavirus: A Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Explanation of Conformity, Warmth Toward Others and Attitudes Toward Lockdown.Alison M. Bacon & Philip J. Corr - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Behavioral immune system describes psychological mechanisms that detect cues to infectious pathogens in the immediate environment, trigger disease-relevant responses and facilitate behavioral avoidance/escape. BIS activation elicits a perceived vulnerability to disease which can result in conformity with social norms. However, a response to superficial cues can result in aversive responses to people that pose no actual threat, leading to an aversion to unfamiliar others, and likelihood of prejudice. Pathogen-neutralizing behaviors, therefore, have implications for social interaction as well as (...)
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  4.  42
    CNS–immune system interactions: Conditioning phenomena.Robert Ader & Nicholas Cohen - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):379-395.
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  5.  93
    The immune system and other cognitive systems.Uri Hershberg & Sol Efroni - 2001 - Complexity 6 (5):14-21.
    In the following pages we propose a theory on cognitive systems and the common strategies of perception, which are at the basis of their function. We demonstrate that these strategies are easily seen to be in place in known cognitive systems such as vision and language. Furthermore we show that taking these strategies into consideration implies a new outlook on immune function calling for a new appraisal of the immune system as a cognitive system.
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  6. Immune System.Thomas Pradeu - 2009 - Science 325:393--393.
     
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  7.  27
    Head Transplantation: The Immune System, Phantom Sensations, and the Integrated Mind.Jocelyn Downey - 2018 - The New Bioethics 24 (3):228-239.
    The principal focus of this paper is to consider the implications of head and neck transplantation surgery on the issue of personal identity. To this end, it is noted that the immune system has not only been established to impose a level of self-identity on bodily cells, it has also been implicated in mental development and the regulation of mental state. In this it serves as a paradigm for the mind as the product of cephalic and extracephalic systems. (...)
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  8.  25
    The Immune System as Ontological Puzzle: Pradeu’s Solution.Francis Fallon - 2014 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 22 (2):271-280.
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  9. Troubles with Bayesianism: An introduction to the psychological immune system.Eric Mandelbaum - 2018 - Mind and Language 34 (2):141-157.
    A Bayesian mind is, at its core, a rational mind. Bayesianism is thus well-suited to predict and explain mental processes that best exemplify our ability to be rational. However, evidence from belief acquisition and change appears to show that we do not acquire and update information in a Bayesian way. Instead, the principles of belief acquisition and updating seem grounded in maintaining a psychological immune system rather than in approximating a Bayesian processor.
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  10.  5
    The immune system as a complex system: adaptation by somatic mutation.Alan S. Perelson & B. Kepler - 1995 - In R. J. Russell, N. Murphy & A. R. Peacocke (eds.), Chaos and Complexity. Vatican Observatory Publications.
  11.  12
    Artificial immune systems can find arbitrarily good approximations for the NP-hard number partitioning problem.Dogan Corus, Pietro S. Oliveto & Donya Yazdani - 2019 - Artificial Intelligence 274 (C):180-196.
  12.  20
    CNS–immune system interaction: A psychosomatic model.Stanford B. Friedman - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):400-401.
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  13.  17
    Why does the immune system of Atlantic cod lack MHC II?Bastiaan Star & Sissel Jentoft - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (8):648-651.
    Graphical AbstractMHC II, a major feature of the adaptive immune system, is lacking in Atlantic cod, and there are different scenarios (metabolic cost hypothesis or functional shift hypothesis) that might explain this loss. The lack of MHC II coincides with an increased number of genes for MHC I and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
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  14. The mind and the immune system.Rudy E. Ballieux - 1994 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 15 (4).
    Stress-induced brain-mediated immunoregulation is effected by two pathways: autonomic outflow and (neuro)endocrine outflow. Particular attention is given to the interaction-effects of chronic an acute stress. Recent data have established that cells of the immune system produce neuro-peptides and hormones. In concert with cytokines released by these immune cells the brain can be informed on the nature of ongoing immune activity. The significance of conditioning of immune responses is discussed.
     
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  15.  59
    The brain and the immune system: Conditional responses to commentator stimuli.Robert Ader & Nicholas Cohen - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):413-426.
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  16.  26
    Adaptive immunity or evolutionary adaptation? Transgenerational immune systems at the crossroads.Sophie Juliane Veigl - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (5):1-21.
    In recent years, immune systems have sparked considerable interest within the philosophy of science. One issue that has received increased attention is whether other phyla besides vertebrates display an adaptive immune system. Particularly the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9-based systems has triggered a discussion about how to classify adaptive immune systems. One question that has not been addressed yet is the transgenerational aspect of the CRISPR-Cas9-based response. If immunity is acquired and inherited, how to distinguish evolutionary from immunological (...)
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  17.  15
    PsychoBehavioroimmunology: Connecting the Behavioral Immune System to Its Physiological Foundations.Damian R. Murray, Marjorie L. Prokosch & Zachary Airington - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  18.  55
    Indeterminism in the Immune System: The Case of Somatic Hypermutation.Bartlomiej Swiatczak - 2011 - Paradigmi 1:49-65.
    One of the fundamental questions of life sciences is one of whether there are genuinely random biological processes. An affirmative or negative answer to this question may have important methodological consequences. It appears that a number of biological processes are explicitly classified as random. One of them is the so-called somatic hypermutation. However, closer analysis of somatic hypermutation reveals that it is not a genuinely random process. Somatic hypermutation is called random because the exact outcome of this process is difficult (...)
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  19.  6
    How the Immune System Deploys Creativity: Why We Can Learn From Astronauts and Cosmonauts.Henderika de Vries & William Khoury-Hanold - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    In this interdisciplinary article, we investigate the relationship between creativity and the immune system; the creative features of the immune system and how the immune system and its role in regulating homeostasis might be related to creative cognition. We argue that within a multivariate approach of creativity, the immune system is a contributing factor. New directions for research are also discussed. When astronauts and cosmonauts venture into the new and extreme environment of (...)
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  20. Dismantling the self/other dichotomy in science: Towards a feminist model of the immune system.Lisa Weasel - 2001 - Hypatia 16 (1):27-44.
    : Despite the development of a vast body of literature pertaining to feminism and science, examples of how feminist philosophies might be applied to scientific theories and practice have been limited. Moreover, most scientists remain unfamiliar with how feminism pertains to their work. Using the example of the immune system, this paper applies three feminist epistemologies--feminist empiricism, feminist standpoint theory, and feminist postmodernism--to assess competing claims of immune function within a feminist context.
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  21.  21
    In search of organizing principles of the immune system: William E. Paul: Immunity. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2015, 289pp, $29.95. [REVIEW]Bartlomiej Swiatczak - 2016 - Metascience 25 (2):201-204.
    Immunity by William Paul is an overview of fundamental principles of immunology and their experimental basis. The book includes not only well- established facts about the immune system but also recent findings (the role of Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, inflammasomes, etc.), which are skillfully incorporated into the framework of immunological understanding. The presentation is clear and emotionally charged, which makes the reading of Immunity enjoyable. Despite the original intentions, though, the book may appear too challenging for a (...)
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  22.  8
    COVID-19, the Immune System, and Organic Disability.Miguel Angel Ramiro Avilés & Íñigo De Miguel Beriain - 2022 - Asian Bioethics Review 15 (3):283-305.
    Despite the availability of safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, some people will remain vulnerable because they will not be vaccinated. Who are these non-vaccinated people? We can distinguish two groups: (i) persons who cannot be vaccinated for clinical reasons and who, despite having been vaccinated, have not achieved immunity; (ii) persons who voluntarily refuse to get vaccinated. These groups have in common an immune system that will make them vulnerable to COVID-19. The reasons for their vulnerability and the ethical (...)
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  23.  24
    Biological Boundaries and the Vertebrate Immune System.Julio R. Tuma - 2009 - Biological Theory 4 (3):287-293.
    Biological boundaries are important because of what they reveal about the evolution of a lineage, the relationship between organisms of different lineages, the structure and function of particular subsystems of the organism, the interconnection between an organism and its environment, and a myriad of other important issues related to individuality, development, and evolution. Since there is no single unifying theory for all biological sciences, there are various possible theoretical characterizations of what counts as a biological boundary. Theoretical specificity is crucial (...)
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  24.  12
    Does the immune system of a mouse age faster than the immune system of a human?Richard Aspinall - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (6):519-524.
    One of the characteristics of all somatic cells is a finite life span. Cells may proliferate until they reach a point after which, although they are metabolically active, they can no longer produce daughter cells. This observation is central to the clonal exhaustion hypothesis, a mechanism cited to explain age-associated immune dysfunction. In this hypothesis, repeated division of lymphocytes leads to a replicative limit, after which they enter the senescent phase but are not lost from the pool of T (...)
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  25.  26
    Physical Exercise and Immune System in the Elderly: Implications and Importance in COVID-19 Pandemic Period.Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni, Leandro de Oliveira Sant’Ana, Eric Murillo-Rodriguez, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Claudio Imperatori, Henning Budde, Jeferson Macedo Vianna & Sergio Machado - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Physical exercise is seen as the main ally for health promotion, preventing and protecting the organism from several diseases. According to WHO, there is a tendency of constant growth in the elderly population in the coming years. The regular practice of exercises by the elderly becomes relevant to minimize the deleterious effects of the aging process and to increase the fitness index. Recently, the world population started a confrontation against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is the most significant public health (...)
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  26.  20
    The Inclusive Behavioral Immune System.Keren Shakhar - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  27. Neural development: affective and immune system influences.George Fr Ellis & Judith A. Toronchuk - 2005 - In Ralph and Natika Ellis and Newton (ed.), Consciousness and Emotion: Agency, conscious choice, and selective perception. John Benjamins. pp. 81.
  28.  10
    Visual Perception of Moisture Is a Pathogen Detection Mechanism of the Behavioral Immune System.Kazunori Iwasa, Takanori Komatsu, Ayaka Kitamura & Yuta Sakamoto - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The behavioral immune system (BIS) includes perceptual mechanisms for detecting cues of contamination. Former studies have indicated that moisture has a disgusting property. Therefore, moisture could be a target for detecting contamination cues by the BIS. We conducted two experiments to examine the psychophysical basis of moisture perception and clarify the relationship between the perception of moisture and the BIS. We assumed that the number of high luminance areas in a visual image provided optical information that would enable (...)
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  29.  9
    The targeting of effector molecules in the immune system.Charles A. Janeway - 1986 - Bioessays 5 (5):216-220.
    The immune system has evolved to detect and remove foreign or non‐self molecules from the body. To perform this task, the system has coupled together specific recognition with non‐specific effector mechanisms in at least two distinct fashions, as outlined in this review.
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  30.  31
    Dismantling the Self/Other Dichotomy in Science: Towards a Feminist Model of the Immune System.Lisa Weasel - 2001 - Hypatia 16 (1):27-44.
    Despite the development of a vast body of literature pertaining to feminism and science, examples of how feminist phifosophies might be applied to scientific theories and practice have been limited. Moreover, most scientists remain unfamiliar with how feminism pertains to their work. Using the example of the immune system, this paper applies three feminist epistemologies feminist empiricism, feminist standpoint theory, and feminist postmodernismtoassess competingchims of immune function within a feminist context.
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  31.  93
    Teleology, error, and the human immune system.Mohan Matthen & Edwin Levy - 1984 - Journal of Philosophy 81 (7):351-372.
    The authors attempt to show that certain forms of behavior of the human immune system are illuminatingly regarded as errors in that system's operation. Since error-ascription can occur only within the context of an intentional/teleological characterization of the system, it follows that such a characterization is illuminating. It is argued that error-ascription is objective, non-anthropomorphic, irreducible to any purely causal form of explanation of the same behavior, and further that it is wrong to regard all errors (...)
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  32.  19
    Exploiting collaborations in the immune system: the future of Artificial Immune Systems.Emma Hart, Chris McEwan & Despina Davoudani - 2009 - In L. Magnani (ed.), computational intelligence. pp. 527--558.
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  33.  24
    Brain and the immune system: Multiple sites of interaction.Hymie Anisman & Robert M. Zacharko - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):395-396.
  34. Guided imagery and immune system function in normal subjects: A summary of research findings.John Schneider, C. Wayne Smith, Chris Minning, Sara Whitcher & Jerry Hermanson - 1990 - In Robert G. Kunzendorf (ed.), Mental Imagery. Plenum Press. pp. 179-191.
  35.  53
    Some design principles for immune system recognition.Alan S. Perelson & Frederik W. Wiegel - 1999 - Complexity 4 (5):29-37.
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  36.  43
    Can an Engineer Fix an Immune System?–Rethinking theoretical biology.Claudio Mattiussi - 2013 - Acta Biotheoretica 61 (2):223-258.
    In an instant classic paper ; 2002: 179–182) biologist Yuri Lazebnik deplores the poor effectiveness of the approach adopted by biologists to understand and “fix” biological systems. Lazebnik suggests that to remedy this state of things biologist should take inspiration from the approach used by engineers to design, understand, and troubleshoot technological systems. In the present paper I substantiate Lazebnik’s analysis by concretely showing how to apply the engineering approach to biological problems. I use an actual example of electronic circuit (...)
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  37.  16
    Conditioning the immune system: New evidence for the modification of physiological responses by drug-associated cues.Marvin D. Krank - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (3):405-406.
  38.  65
    Systemic features of immune recognition in the gut.Bartlomiej Swiatczak, Maria Rescigno & Irun Cohen - 2011 - Microbes and Infection 13:983-991.
    The immune system, to protect the body, must discriminate between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes and respond to them in different ways. How the mucosal immune system manages to make this distinction is poorly understood. We suggest here that the distinction between pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes is made by an integrated system rather than by single types of cells or single types of receptors; a systems biology approach is needed to understand immune recognition.
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  39.  10
    Do Islanders Have a More Reactive Behavioral Immune System? Social Cognitions and Preferred Interpersonal Distances During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Ivana Hromatko, Andrea Grus & Gabrijela Kolđeraj - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Insular populations have traditionally drawn a lot of attention from epidemiologists as they provide important insights regarding transmission of infectious diseases and propagation of epidemics. There are numerous historical instances where isolated populations showed high morbidity once a new virus entered the population. Building upon that and recent findings that the activation of the behavioral immune system depends both upon one’s vulnerability and environmental context, we predicted that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, place of residence explains a significant proportion (...)
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  40.  24
    Singularity and Uniqueness: Why Is Our Immune System Subject to Psychological and Cognitive Traits?Amihud Gilead - unknown
    Immunologists use psychological and cognitive terms to describe and explain the behavior of our immune system. Do they use them metaphorically or literally? In this paper I show that on the grounds of some psychophysical assumptions, the uniqueness of each person as an individual organism necessarily corresponds to the singularity of each person as a psychological subject. On the basis of these assumptions, immunologists, irrespective of their various conceptual frames, are entitled to ascribe psychological and cognitive traits to (...)
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  41.  71
    On the Normativity of the Immune System.Amin T. Turki - 2011 - Medicine Studies 3 (1):29-39.
    In the 1940s, Georges Canguilhem has established the concept of biological normativity on the level of the organism in his key work on “ The Normal and the Pathological ”. We would like to present a contemporary analysis of Canguilhem’s work, set it in context with more recent results from the field of complexity and immunology, and evaluate the problematic whether normativity is a genuine capacity of the organism. Based on Canguilhem’s conditions of the definition of biological normativity, we show (...)
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  42.  37
    Multidrug Therapy for HIV Infection: Dynamics of Immune System.Deepmala Kamboj & M. D. Sharma - 2018 - Acta Biotheoretica 67 (2):129-147.
    A mathematical model of the dynamics of the immune system is considered to illustrate the effect of its response to HIV infection, i.e. on viral growth and on T-cell dynamics. The specific immune response is measured by the levels of cytotoxic lymphocytes in a human body. The existence and stability analyses are performed for infected steady state and uninfected steady state. In order to keep infection under control, roles of drug therapies are analyzed in the presence of (...)
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  43.  4
    Women amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Self-protection through the behavioral immune system.Alfonso Troisi - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.
    Studies of the activation of the behavioral immune system triggered by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic have demonstrated that evolutionary explanations of individual differences in self-protection should not be based only on parental investment and sexual selection theory. An evolutionary model must also incorporate individual differences that arise within each sex as a result of life history strategies and attachment patterns.
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  44.  21
    Regulation of pituitary peptides by the immune system.Nicholas R. S. Hall & Maureen P. O'Grady - 1989 - Bioessays 11 (5):141-144.
    It has long been thought that the central nervous system is able to influence the progression of disease. Furthermore, there is now overwhelming evidence that the communication pathways are bidirectional. A variety of immune system peptides are now known to be capable of transmitting information from the immune system to the central nervous system. These immunotransmitters include interleukins, interferons and thymosine peptides which have the capability of modulating slow‐wave sleep as well as the release (...)
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  45.  22
    Pre‐birth world and the development of the immune system: Mum's diet affects our adult health.Manuela Ferreira & Henrique Veiga-Fernandes - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (12):1213-1220.
    Secondary lymphoid organs form in utero through an inherited and well‐established developmental program. However, maternal non‐heritable features can have a major impact on the gene expression of the embryo, hence influencing the future health of the offspring. Recently, maternal retinoids were shown to regulate the formation of immune structures, shedding light on the role of maternal nutrition in the genetic signature of emergent immune cells. Here we highlight evidence showing how the maternal diet influences the establishment of the (...)
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  46.  31
    Anterior pituitary hormones, stress, and immune system homeostasis.Kenneth Dorshkind & Nelson D. Horseman - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (3):288-294.
    An extensive, and controversial, literature concluding that prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and thyroid hormones are critical immunoregulatory factors has accumulated. However, recent studies of mice deficient in the production of these hormones or expression of their receptors indicate that there are only a few instances in which these hormones are required for lymphocyte development or antigen responsiveness. Instead, a case is made that their primary role is to counteract the effects of negative immunoregulatory factors, such (...)
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  47. Evolution of the mammary gland from the innate immune system?Claudia Vorbach, Mario R. Capecchi & Josef M. Penninger - 2006 - Bioessays 28 (6):606-616.
    The mammary gland is a skin gland unique to the class Mammalia. Despite a growing molecular and histological understanding of the development and physiology of the mammary gland, its functional and morphological origins have remained speculative. Numerous theories on the origin of the mammary gland and lactation exist. The purpose of the mammary gland is to provide the newborn with copious amounts of milk, a unique body fluid that has a dual role of nutrition and immunological protection. Interestingly, antimicrobial enzymes, (...)
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  48.  42
    How not to explain the errors of the immune system.Peter Melander - 1993 - Philosophy of Science 60 (2):223-241.
    According to Mohan Matthen and Edwin Levy, certain immunological processes require explanations in which the immune system is attributed intentional states. This, they think, strengthens the scientific credentials of intentional psychology and undermines the position of those who argue that the scientific treatment of human action should involve the elimination of intentional description. In this paper, I argue that immunology does not and need not employ intentional explanation or description and consequently has nothing to offer those who seek (...)
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  49.  8
    Roots: The thymus: Maestro of the immune system.Jacques F. A. P. Miller - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (7):509-513.
    The thymus has been an enigmatic organ for centuries. Its true function was revealed only in 1961 when it was shown to be responsible for the proper development of the immune system. This finding has revolutionized the science of immunology and has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in resistance to infections and of the pathogenesis of autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases.
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  50.  16
    The underestimated potential of the immune system in prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology.M. Hasan Mohajeri - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (9):927-932.
    Genetic and environmental factors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) converge in a pathogenic pathway that leads to the accumulation of mis‐folded amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Removal of Aβ from the brain has thus been the focus of academic and industrial research in the last decade. The concept of immunization therapy could be proven in animal models mimicking amyloid pathology but a multicenter clinical trial in which AD patients were vaccinated with aggregated Aβ has resulted in somewhat unanticipated and (...)
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