Chapter 47 contains a sentence which has been the subject of a good deal of controversy and is manifestly corrupt. In the codex it reads as follows: κα τοᾁτων πνω μαιμᾃτατον θνος Bακτριανν π βασιλα οσαν διον τπον κα 'Aλξανδρος ρμηθες π τν μερν τοᾁτων ρι τοȗ Γγγον διλθε κτλ. Attempts have been made to connect this sentence with the rulers of the Kushan dynasty. It has even been suggested that οσαν represents Kονσαν : the suggestion naturally won no acceptance, (...) but one may point out that in any case it failed to attack the real difficulty, which lies in the words διον τπον On that essential point, the views of recent editors have both varied and combined. (shrink)

The expression used in the Periplus M.E. has attracted a certain amount of attention. It is generally held to mean ‘a legal mart where foreign trade was officially allowed and taxed’ : and this translation has sometimes been made the ground of comparison with the treaty ports of China or the échelles of the Levant. On closer examination of the usage of the Periplus M.E. it seems difficult to accept this meaning, and possible to suggest another.

The expression used in the Periplus M.E. has attracted a certain amount of attention. It is generally held to mean ‘a legal mart where foreign trade was officially allowed and taxed’ : and this translation has sometimes been made the ground of comparison with the treaty ports of China or the échelles of the Levant. On closer examination of the usage of the Periplus M.E. it seems difficult to accept this meaning, and possible to suggest another.

Mr. M. P. Charlesworth seems to have been too sceptical when he remarked that ‘the names of the Indian princelets given in the Periplus are unidentifiable, or rather too easily identifiable with any one, to be of any use’. Actually, the ruler mentioned in ch. 41 is identifiable beyond reasonable doubt, and his date is practically certain.

Mr. M. P. Charlesworth seems to have been too sceptical when he remarked that ‘the names of the Indian princelets given in the Periplus are unidentifiable, or rather too easily identifiable with any one, to be of any use’. Actually, the ruler mentioned in ch. 41 is identifiable beyond reasonable doubt, and his date is practically certain.

A comprehensive study of Plato's last and most difficult work. Professor Morrow's theme is that in the Laws Plato is applying his basic principles to the precise historical conditions of his time, out of consuming interest in the moral and political development of mankind. The concept of the "mixture" or "mean," as developed in the Politicus and Philebus, is treated as the key to the philosophical interpretation of the Laws, law itself being the "limit"; human nature, the natural environment, and (...) existing laws and customs, the "unlimited." Prof. Morrow places the weight of his interpretation on the latter, since a determination of the actual character of Greek institutions, as Plato knew, seems essential to a correct analysis of the "composite" institutions we find in the Laws.--. (shrink)

A textbook intended largely for beginning students in ethics. In a very interesting concluding chapter, Prof. Garnett presents and justifies his own view of the meaning of ethical terms and of the nature of moral principles. One section of the book is as unusual as it is valuable: it contains collections of opinions on such practical problems as marriage and the family, right of property, and war.--J. A. B.

Solmsen presents an interesting discussion of Aristotle's physical theory. He considers each topic, such as genesis, time, the infinite, in terms of Aristotle's similarities and differences with Pre-Socratic and Platonic thought. His results are piece-meal because "Aristotle himself does not investigate each topic of his physical system with his mind focused on a final synthesis of all major conclusions."--J. A. B.

A single lecture setting forth the authors's view of excellence as "creative insecurity."--J. A. B.

According to Thalheimer the proper method of metaphysics is first to define clearly "existence" or "reality," and then to test all the things one can think of against this definition. One can thus come to a decision as to whether or not these things exist. It is in this sense that his metaphysics is "existential." "In the tradition of the Seventeenth Century system builders," this work develops a thesis stated in the author's published doctoral dissertation of 1920. --J. A. B.

An attempt to develop a method for the social sciences based upon a "field theory" of "logico-functional integration of elements" as opposed to older thoroughly monistic or pluralistic approaches. Professor Lins' emphasis upon the unity of the sciences, and his insistence that they use similar methods for the solution of similar problems, produce a rather artificial dialectic in his treatment of the social sciences, and allow him to draw rather trivial conclusions. --J. A. B.

A very brief, uncritical and rather gossipy presentation of the views of Romero on the nature of philosophy, man, spirit and culture.--J. A. B.

A collection of essays by members of the department of philosophy in the Hebrew University, on a variety of topics. Jacob Fleishmann's careful analysis of "Hegel's Theory of the Will," is perhaps the outstanding contribution. The volume also includes a valuable study by Rotenstreich on Collingwood's philosophy of history.--J. A. B.

A sensitive and intelligent inquiry into the nature of mysticism, with special emphasis upon the question as to whether mystical experience is subjective only, or can reasonably be said to refer to an objective reality. There are also careful and valuable discussions of the relation of mysticism to religion and ethics, and of its implications for logic, language, and a theory of immortality.--J. A. B.

A re-evaluation of the function of the proofs of God's existence in Thomistic metaphysics. O'Brien's purpose is to "remove the debris of historical and individual deviations on the question of God's existence and rediscover the metaphysical approach indicated by St. Thomas himself."--J. A. B.

"This book presents a theory of the nature of things," and counsel in respect of the practical objectives of men. The former marks no advance over the Milesian Pre-Socratics; the latter lacks even the merit of being grounded in a "hard-headed" materialism. --J. A. B.

The purpose of this pamphlet is to formulate the problems of, and to stimulate thought and discussion on, the concept of the public interest. The authors present a number of common and current theories on the nature of public interest, its relation to earlier, similar ideas, and its significance as a part of political theory.--J. A. B.

A book of very great scope. Abbo briefly presents the doctrines of every significant Western political thinker, along with a liberal amount of historical, biographical and bibliographical material. His discussions take the form of a clear, balanced, but not especially penetrating exposition, followed by critical remarks. The book is directed to an audience of Catholic layman and students; the exposition can be of little use to the specialist, and his critical remarks will often fail to satisfy a non-Catholic reader.--J. A. (...) B. (shrink)

This book contains ten excellent essays on symbolism, its nature and function in art, society, religion, science, and psychoanalysis. Six of the essays were originally in 1958 in a special issue of "Daedalus"; of the remainder there is a selection from Whitehead's Symbolism: Its Meaning and Effect, and three original contributions of value, of which Erich Kahler's essay on "The Nature of Symbolism" is outstanding.--J. A. B.

An extraordinarily stimulating work, in which Prof. Conger presents his "hypothesis of epitomization." According to this theory the natural world is divided into three basic realms which are ordered in a number of complex ways. Logical and mathematical entities form realms also, and are epitomized by a "chronogeometric" realm which provides a relational system that constitutes the "milieu" of the natural world.--J. A. B.

A series of lectures, directed to philosophical laymen, tracing the effects of secular philosophy on religious doctrines. Relevant reflections by Spinoza, Kant, Hume, Nietzsche, James and Santayana are briefly and sensitively discussed.--J. A. B.

Five interesting essays on problems associated with "teaching values" in colleges, by educators in various fields. The discussions arise from an awareness of a crisis of values in our time, and are intended to formulate explicitly the responsibility of higher education in respect of this crisis. The question as to whether virtue should be taught is discussed and affirmatively answered; the remainder of the volume is concerned with presenting findings as to whether virtue can be taught, and if so, how (...) it can be taught. The genuinely Socratic question, i.e., what is virtue?, is perhaps understandably avoided, but its avoidance must render these other discussions highly tentative.--J. A. B. (shrink)

A quasi-genetic account of language, intended to be based on an analysis of the science of psychological language and of theories in psychology. Scientific terms are defined in terms of invariant usage. "Protocol statements" are taken as the bulwark of this science. Their definition of psychology: "the study of animal movements and human speech." --J. A. B.

For Miss Sewell our apprehension of the world is basically through myth. Art, language, and even mathematics, rightly understood, are kinds of myth. This book centers upon those poets and biologists who share common goals by virtue of their use of the primary form of myth, i.e., "world-language." The major part of this book deals in these terms with such thinkers as Bacon, Linnaeus, and Rilke.--J. A. B.

An attempt to set forth a single principle, i.e., truth, as a standard of value in terms of which all problems may be dealt with. The book provides an excellent negative illustration of the value of a thorough grasp of traditional philosophy. --J. A. B.

The author argues that only the Aristotelian-Thomistic philosophy of act and potency can adequately account for the data of modern atomic physics.--J. A. B.