Se compone de dos trabajos. Jaime Caiceo Escudero traza un panorama de las etapas de la filosofía en Chile, con generoso espacio para el pensamiento católico. Elena Sánchez de Irarrázabal se refiere a Clarence Finlayson (1913-54), destacado filósofo católico que enseñó en varios países de América Latina y en Estados Unidos, y es autor de Dios y la filosofía (ver HLAS 11:3904), entre otras obras"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.

A partir de cuatro artículos publicados en la Revista de la Universidad de Antioquia entre los años 1945-1946 por Clarence Finlayson,1 se indagará el carácter y sentido de la conquista de América en su intención modernizadora. La disputa entre Las Casas y Sepúlveda en Valladolid permite establecer que las diferencias de método que uno y otro defienden no constituyen una deriva hacia formas de reconocimiento de la alteridad, sino que ambas se inscriben en el mismo espíritu colonizador, eje (...) de una modernidad totalizadora. Finlayson, casi quinientos años más tarde, contempla nuevamente a los indígenas americanos bajo patrones semejantes. (shrink)

Clarence Finlayson fue un pensador americano, nacido en Valparaíso y que enseñó en Medellín, Indiana, Ciudad de México y otras ciudades de América. El presente texto pretende dar cuenta de los fundamentos metafísicos de su antropología, arraigados en la corriente escolástica, pero con evidentes influencias del pensamiento contemporáneo. La concepción metafísica de Clarence Finlayson constituye una recomprensión de los principios aristotélico-tomistas pensados a partir de una articulación entre ser y nada, como polos fundamentales de todo devenir, (...) característico de los seres compuestos. Asimismo, dado que, según Finlayson, la filosofía se funda en una intuición metafísica, como esta intuición se realiza en el reconocimiento experiencial del fenómeno de la muerte en contraste con el anhelo de ser absolutamente, la filosofía es la disciplina esencial del hombre, paradójicamente, en un sentido existencial. (shrink)

Para Finlayson, el descubrimiento de América constituyó el fin de un ciclo, la circunvalación del globo, el encuentro de las dos corrientes migratorias que, habiendo partido de Asia, se dirigieron una hacia el este y la otra hacia el oeste. Frente a la Europa de ese entonces, acosada por cruentas guerras religiosas, desunida, amenazada por el oriente, integrada por muchas naciones que aún no eran propiamente Estados, con la legitimidad de los gobiernos en una crisis que ya se preveía, (...) América aparecía como territorio de esperanzas. Tal situación es, en algún sentido, análoga a la que se vivió en los años cuarenta del siglo XX, y así sostiene Finlayson: “[…] la superpoblación, los conflictos internacionales, la pobreza, las guerras que hoy asuelan casi todo el mundo tienen su esperanza concreta en los inmensos territorios de América”. No obstante, parece que se trata de una esperanza siempre incumplida y siempre postergada. (shrink)

Like many fields, bioethics has been constrained to thinking to race in terms of colorblindness, the idea that ideal deliberation would ignore race and hence prevent bias. There are practical and ethically significant problems with colorblind approaches to ethical deliberation, and important reasons why race is ethically relevant. Future discourse needs to understand how and why race is relevant in bioethics.

Like many fields, bioethics has been constrained to thinking to race in terms of colorblindness, the idea that ideal deliberation would ignore race and hence prevent bias. There are practical and e...

This study compares the relationship between the moral reasoning modes and leadership orientation of males versus females, and managers versus engineers/scientists. A questionnaire developed by Worthley (1987) was used to measure the degree of each participant's respective independence and justice, and relationships and caring moral reasoning modes. Leadership orientation values and attitudes were measured using the Fiedler and Chemers (1984) Least Preferred Coworker Scale.The results suggest that, although males differ from female in their dominant moral reasoning modes, managers are not (...) distinguishable from the engineers/scientists they manage in terms of their moral reasoning mode or Least Preferred Coworker score. (shrink)

We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Theory of "conceptual pragmatism" takes into account both modern philosophical thought and modern mathematics. Stimulating discussions of metaphysics, a priori, philosophic method, much more.

Rene Descartes credited his success in philosophy, mathematics, and physics to the discovery of a universal method of inquiry, but he provided no systematic description of his method. _Descartes and Method_ carefully examines Descartes' scattered remarks on his application and puts forward a systematic account of his method with particular attention to the role it plays in the _Meditations_. Daniel E. Flage and Clarence A. Bonnen boldly and convincingly argue against the orthodox conception that Descartes had no method. Through (...) a rigorous and thorough examination, Flage and Bonnen unearth and explain the role of the method of analysis in the _ Meditations_. _Descartes and Method_ is a ground-breaking book that is sure to make a considerable impact on the philosophy community. Anyone wishing to gain a new understanding of Descartes's _Meditations_ should read this book. (shrink)

We propose a new modal logic endowed with a simple deductive system to interpret Aristotle's theory of the modal syllogism. While being inspired by standard propositional modal logic, it is also a logic of terms that admits a (sound) extensional semantics involving possible states-of-affairs in a given world. Applied to the analysis of Aristotle's modal syllogistic as found in the Prior Analytics A8-22, it sheds light on various fine-grained distinctions which when made allow us to clarify some ambiguities and obtain (...) a completely consistent system and prove all of the modal syllogisms considered valid by Aristotle. This logic allows us also to make a connection with the axioms of modern propositional modal logic and to perceive to what extent these are implicit in Aristotle's reasoning. Further work will involve addressing the question of the completeness of this logic (or variants thereof) together with an extension of the logic to include a calculus of relations (for instance the relational syllogistic treated in Galen's Introduction to Logic) which Slomkowsky has argued is already found in the Topics. (shrink)

Rene Descartes credited his success in philosophy, mathematics, and physics to the discovery of a universal method of inquiry, but he provided no systematic description of his method. _Descartes and Method_ carefully examines Descartes' scattered remarks on his application and puts forward a systematic account of his method with particular attention to the role it plays in the _Meditations_. Daniel E. Flage and Clarence A. Bonnen boldly and convincingly argue against the orthodox conception that Descartes had no method. Through (...) a rigorous and thorough examination, Flage and Bonnen unearth and explain the role of the method of analysis in the _ Meditations_. _Descartes and Method_ is a ground-breaking book that is sure to make a considerable impact on the philosophy community. Anyone wishing to gain a new understanding of Descartes's _Meditations_ should read this book. (shrink)

Journal Name: Cognitive Linguistics Issue: Ahead of print.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...) preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

The paper argues that, for Descartes, an idea of x is distinct only if that idea is subsumed under an eternal truth that specifies the conditions sufficient for x to exist, where x is taken to be an entity of a particular kind. It is argued that clear and distinct ideas are materially true, i.e., pertain to possible existence. It is shown that clarity and distinctness pertain primarily to perceptions as acts, and that it is possible to have alternative distinct (...) ideas of a single thing. The discussion relates clarity and distinctness to the Cartesian method, to the cogito, and to ideas of God and the self. (shrink)

In this comprehensive exploration of the concept of God, Beckwith examines the historical, philosophical, and theological aspects of belief in a deity. Drawing on sources from across cultures and time periods, he presents a nuanced and thought-provoking analysis of this fundamental aspect of human experience. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of (...) America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)