Fondée en 1982 par un groupe d'étudiants de littérature française autour de Bernard Cerquiglini et publiée par les Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Médiévales est aujourd'hui la seule revue généraliste d'histoire du Moyen Âge en France. Mais si elle a connu maints changements depuis sa création, elle est restée fidèle au choix de numéros thématiques : chaque numéro de cette revue semestrielle est consacré à un thème, qui n'exclut pas d'autres articles, longtemps qualifiés de « Hors-thème...

L’invention de la ménopause au xixe siècle puis celle de l’andropause dans la seconde moitié du xxe siècle ont eu pour effet d’accroître la surveillance des médecins sur les corps féminins et masculins vieillissants et, plus spécialement, sur la sexualité de cette période de la vie. Or, si ce coup d’état médical a si bien réussi, c’est qu’il a tout autant bénéficié du soutien très actif des femmes que de l’incapacité des hommes à lui résister. C’est aussi qu’il s’inscrivait dans (...) le prolongement de très anciennes pratiques sociales qu’il légitimait. Et qu’on ne s’y trompe pas. Loin de se desserrer, l’étau s’est définitivement refermé. En effet, les hommes, qui ont longtemps tenté d’échapper maladroitement à cette surveillance, ont, aujourd’hui, fini par s’y soumettre, acceptant, de fait, tout le discours silencieux sur les défaillances de leur puissance virile qu’elle suppose. (shrink)

L’invention de la ménopause au xixe siècle puis celle de l’andropause dans la seconde moitié du xxe siècle ont eu pour effet d’accroître la surveillance des médecins sur les corps féminins et masculins vieillissants et, plus spécialement, sur la sexualité de cette période de la vie. Or, si ce coup d’état médical a si bien réussi, c’est qu’il a tout autant bénéficié du soutien très actif des femmes que de l’incapacité des hommes à lui résister. C’est aussi qu’il s’inscrivait dans (...) le prolongement de très anciennes pratiques sociales qu’il légitimait. Et qu’on ne s’y trompe pas. Loin de se desserrer, l’étau s’est définitivement refermé. En effet, les hommes, qui ont longtemps tenté d’échapper maladroitement à cette surveillance, ont, aujourd’hui, fini par s’y soumettre, acceptant, de fait, tout le discours silencieux sur les défaillances de leur puissance virile qu’elle suppose. (shrink)

Un petit nombre de femmes-auteurs du Moyen Age se sont montrées particulièrement intéressées par l'Histoire, notamment locale, et, dans l'aire germanique, trois d'entre elles se distinguent par l'originalité de leur apport en ce domaine : Hrotsvita de Gandersheim au Xe siècle, et Hildegarde de Bingen et Herrade de Hohenbourg au XIIe. Toutes trois religieuses, elles ont livré à la postérité le récit de la fondation de leur monastère, l'une par le biais de la poésie métrique, la seconde via l'hagiographie et (...) la dernière au moyen de l'image. (shrink)

Un petit nombre de femmes-auteurs du Moyen Age se sont montrées particulièrement intéressées par l'Histoire, notamment locale, et, dans l'aire germanique, trois d'entre elles se distinguent par l'originalité de leur apport en ce domaine : Hrotsvita de Gandersheim au Xe siècle, et Hildegarde de Bingen et Herrade de Hohenbourg au XIIe. Toutes trois religieuses, elles ont livré à la postérité le récit de la fondation de leur monastère, l'une par le biais de la poésie métrique, la seconde via l'hagiographie et (...) la dernière au moyen de l'image. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage dédié à trois pionnières américaines de l’histoire de la médecine et de l’histoire des femmes, Caroline Walker Bynum, Joan Cadden et Nancy G. Siraisi, est la traduction française du dernier ouvrage, paru à New York en 2006, de Katharine Park, professeur d’histoire des sciences et de women’s studies à Harvard. K. Park est célèbre entre autres pour son ouvrage sur les médecins et la médecine à Florence au début de la Renaissance. Tout en continuant de privilégier l’étude de (...) la prati... (shrink)

Les trente et un articles composant ce volume dédié à Paulette L’Hermite-Leclercq sont regroupés sous cinq rubriques, et il faut saluer d’emblée le travail de P. Henriet et A.‑M. Legras, qui ont proposé ici un découpage aussi fidèle au parcours intellectuel de celle qu’ils voulaient ainsi honorer, qu’exempt de tout parfum d’artifice. La première partie réunit des études analysant différents « Regards masculins sur la femme », observés d’après des lieux attendus comme l’exégèse ou la pensée sc...

I. Critique du Principe de philosophie suffisante -- II. Pour une pensée (vraiment) non religieuse -- III. Études laruelliennes.

This book closely examines our commonly held beliefs about human suffering, and offers unique insights into God's role in why we suffer. Dr. Perri critically examines what it means to be human from a Judeo-Christian perspective, and extrapolates from the work of Carl Gustav Jung showing a deeply complex development of human transcendence in human suffering. On an interpersonal level, Dr. Perri elaborates on the work of Martin Buber and Emanuel Levinas and shows how our suffering can be shared and (...) lessened by our unconditionality and presence for the other. Scriptural passages are quoted from both the Hebrew and New Testament texts, and are used to depict the suffering of humankind as seen in the face of Job. It was this face, according to Perri, that Jesus saw in the faces of those He came to redeem, and that ultimately brought Him to the crucifix of redemption. Dr. Perri challenges Sartre's position that our existence precedes our essence, and draws on the work of Abraham Joshua Heschel and Christian theology in this regard. He further elaborates a neurodevelopmental paradigm that creates essence as the basis of our freedom to choose. This book can be read and studied by both professionals in the helping and healing professions, and lay persons seeking to better understand our suffering, and how to better help those who suffer. Dr. Perri offers specific ways in how to be present for those who suffer, how to read and receive the hidden language of human suffering, and how to use silence as a communication skill. (shrink)

The draft Code of Conduct for Research is an important initiative towards assisting the scientific community in complying with the provisions of the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA). However, its approach towards cross-border data sharing should be reconsidered to clarify the ambiguities inherent in the legal requirements for the cross-border sharing of health data in the POPIA. These ambiguities include the concept of ‘transfer of information’, the application of adequacy as a legal mechanism for transfer, the (...) nature of consent for cross-border sharing and the scope of the recipient third party. We suggest that the draft Code of Conduct for Research can be improved by: Explaining or defining the concept of ‘transfer of information’ and when it applies to cross-border sharing in research Clarifying the application of adequacy as a legal mechanism for transfer vis-à-vis the other alternatives Expanding on the interpretation and application of consent as a legal mechanism for cross-border transfers Expanding the category of persons who may be recipients of personal information in a third country. (shrink)

In this timely book L.W. Sumner addresses these issues within the wider context of palliative care for patients in the dying process.

A substantial portion of Adam Smith's discussion of Stoicism in TMS VII is dedicated to the Stoic “principle of suicide,” according to which suicide is sometimes morally required. While scholars agree that Stoicism exercised considerable influence over Smith, no recent work has explored his views on suicide, despite the central role it plays in his treatment of Stoicism. I argue that Smith opposes the principle of suicide on both epistemic and moral grounds, providing an important critique of Stoicism. I also (...) show how Smith departs from other early modern accounts of suicide by offering a notably humane analysis of this tragic act. I conclude by considering what Smith's discussion of Stoicism and suicide tells us about his moral theory, and I forward a reading of Smith as a skeptic. (shrink)

The object of this paper is to show why recent research in the psychology of deductive and probabilistic reasoning does not have.

It is widely agreed among broadly Anselmian theists that God is in some sense the 'delimiter of possibilities.' In other words, the scope of possibility is explained by the manner in which the universe emanates from God. However, existing accounts of God's role here—in terms of freedom, choice, or power—face serious difficulties. The present paper provides a new account of God's role as the delimiter of possibilities in terms of the different manner in which the non-actuality of non-actual states of (...) affairs is explained. Intuitively and metaphorically, we can think of the menu of states of affairs being 'whittled down' in successive stages of a process of divine decision-making, with the different species of impossibility corresponding to when and how the states of affairs are ruled out. I argue that this approach provides genuine contingency while also preserving the Principle of Sufficient Reason. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 8.4 (2001) 317-322 [Access article in PDF] On Wolfgang Blankenburg, Common Sense, and Schizophrenia Aaron L. Mishara Introduction In its increasing openness to neuroscience (Cowan, Harter, and Kandel 2000) and other of its neighboring disciplines, mainstream biological psychiatry has allowed psychopathology, philosophy, and philosophical approaches to psychopathology to play an increased role in current research interests. Given this new openness, and the acknowledgment of the (...) severity of one of psychiatry's most debilitating, costly, and intractable disorders, 1 the translation of W. Blankenburg's 1969 article concerning the psychopathology of common sense does not merely serve historical interest. It is an exceptional example of a not well-known trend in German- and French-speaking psychiatry to apply philosophical phenomenology and existentialism to psychopathological research. This trend, which reached a peak in the late 1950s and was strong well into the 1970s, has dwindling, but nevertheless, current representatives in Heidelberg and Zurich and is scattered in a few other places in Europe, Japan, the United States, and South America. The view of the Zeitgeist—which may sound astonishing, even antiquated to contemporary readers—was highly ambitious: Conceptual approaches, such as philosophical ("transcendental") phenomenology, were expected to supply knowledge about the structure of consciousness and its disturbance in various mental disorders.Following the lead of Binswanger and Szilasi, who viewed schizophrenia as an "experiment of nature" that enables us to view underlying processes otherwise hidden to "natural, everyday consciousness," Blankenburg believed that it may be possible to map the formal properties of the psychopathology of schizophrenia—precisely in the loss of common sense—as a disturbance to the basic organization of conscious experience. Any attempt to summarize this rather abstract and complex approach in a brief commentary would be ill advised. In passing, rather, I will remark that such efforts could have profound relevance to the current research of schizophrenia and its underlying neurobiology. This research has gradually acknowledged the importance of taking the patient's subjective experience of the disorder into account (Mishara, Parnas, and Naudin 1998). In this commentary, I will first give an account of the biographical and clinical reasons that led Blankenburg to turn to the problem of common sense and its relevance for schizophrenia. I will then explore what implications [End Page 317] his work may have for more recent findings concerning schizophrenia. Blankenburg's Intellectual Development Born in 1928, W. Blankenburg, the son of a Lufthansa pilot who pioneered transatlantic commercial flights, began his studies in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1947. While at Freiburg, Blankenburg heard lectures in philosophy given by E. Fink (the former assistant to Husserl) and Max Mueller, and in psychology, by R. Heiss and others. After three years, Blankenburg turned to the study of medicine, producing a dissertation in 1956 on an application of Daseinsanalysis (Heidegger and Binswanger) to a case of paranoid schizophrenia. Binswanger wrote the forward to the publication. Between 1956 and 1958, Blankenburg studied internal medicine in Heidelberg with the accomplished phenomenologist of bodily experience (Leibphaenomenologer) and student of V. von Weizsaecker Herbert Pluegge. He spent one semester in Goettingen where he attended lectures by the ontological philosopher Nicolai Hartmann, who provided for Blankenburg a more useful approach to the problem of nature and natural science than Heidegger's primary emphasis on the question of Being. During his Freiburg years, Blankenburg attended small seminars led by Heidegger in the Schwarzwald forest. (Heidegger had been forbidden to teach after the end of World War II.) Blankenburg recalls that the participants would sit on logs in an open field as if to invoke Heidegger's concept of the clearing (Lichtung) of Being. While not entirely sympathetic with Heidegger's philosophy, Blankenburg learned to carefully "listen"—as Heidegger would repeatedly emphasize—to language, not merely poetic or philosophical language, but the language of the patients he would meet in clinical practice.During this time, Blankenburg heard lectures by W. Szilasi, the philosopher-scientist who held Husserl's and Heidegger's chair in the department of philosophy. Szilasi collaborated with the phenomenological psychiatrist, L. Binswanger. Their effort to apply concepts from Husserl's... (shrink)

The study examines the relationship between the strength of an organizationÕs ethical climate and ethical problems involving human resource management. Data were collected through a survey of 1078 human resource managers. The results indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between the strength of an organization'ss ethical climate and the seriousness of ethical violations and a statistically significant positive relationship between an organization'ss ethical climate and success in responding to ethical issues. Thus, interventions that strengthen an organization'ss ethical climate may help (...) manage ethical behavior within organizations. (shrink)

The Objective Of This Highly Rewarding Book Indian Philosophy Of Knowledge Is To Highlight The Main Purpose Of Gaining Knowledge. The Highest Knowledge In Vedas And Upanisads Is The Knowledge Of Brahman Which Leads To Liberation. The Sankhya System Promises Complete Cessation Of All Sorrows. The Yoga Is Entirely Devoted To The Attainment Of Kaivalya. Gautama, In His Nyayasutra Asserts That Their Knowledge Would Lead To The Attainment Of The Liberation. The Vaisesika And Mimamsa Begins With The Interpretation Of Dharma (...) As The Means For Attainment Of The Worldly As Well As Transcendental Well-Being. The Buddhists Aim Of Knowledge Is To Remove Passions And To Show The Path Of Nirvana. The Removal Of Karmic Matter Is The Main Theme Of Knowledge In Jaina Philosophy. (shrink)