Em sua obra, Plotino recorre constantemente aos antigos, porquanto crê neles encontrar- se a verdade. Também não desconhece os mitos que lera nas obras de Platão. Interpreta-os metafísica e eticamente. Neste pequeno artigo, entende-se por mito 'algo que alude a', 'algo que indica", "algo que metaforiza". Três tipos de mitos são aqui apresentados brevemente: mitos da mitologia olímpica, mitos da escatologia órfica e mitos filosóficos. Em todos eles, percebe-se o esforço de Plotino por mostrar que o mito tenta exprimir o (...) que a palavra não logra explicar, atingindo as fronteiras do silêncio e do inefável. O artigo conclui com o mito do silêncio, na união com o Uno, sem palavras. (shrink)

Neste artigo, o autor aborda o retornoda alma ao Uno, de acordo com a doutrina plotiniana.Para tanto, é mister a dialética, entendidacomo abstração das coisas materiais edas paixões. A inteligência, a vontade e as virtudesdevem colaborar, para alcançar o objetivo últimoda vida: a união mística com o Uno. O artigoalude, também, à metempsicose defendida porPlotino. No fim, são recordados alguns aspectosda influência exercida por Plotino sobre a IdadeMédia e o pensamento filosófico posterior.

Este artigo ocupa-se dos aspectos essenciais do processão plotiniana, com base nas Enéadas e em intérpretes de projeção mundial, como Giovanni Reale e Werner Beierwaltes. A processão de Plotino trata da origem das coisas, a partir do Uno, o qual se identifica com Super-Ser, divino, eterno, perfeito e imutável, não podendo ser entendido como conceito abstrato universalíssimo. O trabalho pretende mostrar que Plotino não é emanatista, nem panteísta, mas panenteista. Há mesmo quem o considere criacionista. É abordada, especialmente, a paisagem (...) metafisica de Plotino, com as três hipóstases do mundo inteligível e, dependendo deste, a origem do mundo sensível - a matéria - tida pelo filósofo como princípio do mal, porém não em sentido gnóstico-maniqueísta. Por fim, o artigo conclui que a processão implica, necessariamente, o retorno da alma humana ao Uno. O objetivo da filosofia plotiniana era levar os seus seguidores à união mais intima possível com o Uno. (shrink)

T. 1. Wortschatz -- T. 2. Überlieferung, Textkritik, Grammatik.

I want to focus on some of the limits of decision theory that are of interest to the philosophical concern with practical reasoning and rational choice. These limits should also be of interest to the social-scientists’ concern with Rational Choice.

Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. She presents illuminating discussions of Prisoners' Dilemma, co-ordination, and inequality situations.

In this paper we explore quarantining as a more ethical method for delimiting the spread of Hate Speech via online social media platforms. Currently, companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Google generally respondreactivelyto such material: offensive messages that have already been posted are reviewed by human moderators if complaints from users are received. The offensive posts are onlysubsequentlyremoved if the complaints are upheld; therefore, they still cause the recipients psychological harm. In addition, this approach has frequently been criticised for delimiting freedom (...) of expression, since it requires the service providers to elaborate and implement censorship regimes. In the last few years, an emerging generation of automatic Hate Speech detection systems has started to offer new strategies for dealing with this particular kind of offensive online material. Anticipating the future efficacy of such systems, the present article advocates an approach to online Hate Speech detection that is analogous to the quarantining of malicious computer software. If a given post is automatically classified as being harmful in a reliable manner, then it can be temporarily quarantined, and the direct recipients can receive an alert, which protects them from the harmful content in the first instance. The quarantining framework is an example of more ethical online safety technology that can be extended to the handling of Hate Speech. Crucially, it provides flexible options for obtaining a more justifiable balance between freedom of expression and appropriate censorship. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the question of whether an individual has a moral obligation to sign a protest petition which has been initiated on moral grounds. It is argued that there is such an obligation when the petition represents a viewpoint with which one broadly agrees. This is a general dury which may lapse with changed circumstances or which may be redeemed by some alternative action. It is argued that the duty to initiate a protest petition is, on (...) the other hand, supererogatory as far as an individual is concerned, but may be a duty for a community or group. Finally it is argued that protest petitions are essentially protests, not against evil deeds as such, but against evil deeds done in one's own name, and are therefore a vital aspect of democracy. (shrink)

Isaiah Berlin: A Celebration gathers tributes, reflections, and commentaries on the great thinker and his philosophy, politics, and life-including contributions from Michael Ignatieff, Leon Wieseltier, Ronald Dworkin, Stephen Spender, and many others. "Some [essays], like Joseph Brodsky's tribute, are touchingly personal. Others, like G. A. Cohen's 'Isaiah's Marx, and Mine,' mingle personal reminiscences with a more theoretical look at Berlin's ideas. . . . The volume is a fitting tribute to a thinker famed for his erudition, eclecticism, and clarity of (...) style."--Merle Rubin, The Christian Science Monitor "One of the many merits of this rich and rewarding collection is the sense-very imperfectly conveyed here-it transmits of the tone of Berlin's writings and conversation, of the multiplicity of his interests and the variety of his achievements. . . . The essays testify to the character of Berlin's mind as a luminous prism, in which the cultural traditions of Russia, England and Judaism are marvelously refracted."--John Gray, Times Literary Supplement "[T]he collection testifies to the learning and profundity of Berlin's thought and, by way both of reminiscence and influence, to the charm and gaity of its expression."--Anthony Quinton, The Times of London. (shrink)

Die griechische Medizin und Naturwissenschaften der Antike haben einen starken und nachhaltigen Einfluss auf die mittelalterlichen arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften ausgeübt. Der vorliegende Band vereint eine Auswahl von Aufsätzen, die Manfred Ullmann, ein herausragender Kenner dieser großen interkulturellen Bewegung, neben seinen zahlreichen Monographien zu diesem Thema publiziert hat. Die Beiträge beleuchten unter anderem die arabische Rezeption wichtiger medizinischer Schriften von Hippokrates, Rufus von Ephesos oder Galen, arbeiten die griechische Tradition in genuin arabischen Schriften über Diätetika, Antidota oder Pharmazeutika heraus, erforschen den (...) literarischen Hintergrund der sogenannten Steinbücher des Xenokrates von Ephesos und des Pseudo-Aristoteles, und erschließen die medizinische, alchemistische und magische Fachterminologie der Araber. Ullmanns Untersuchungen gelten aufgrund ihrer Gründlichkeit und Klarheit als unverzichtbare Referenzpunkte für die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte; sie werden hier erstmals in zusammenhängender Form vorgelegt und sind durch ausführliche Indizes erschlossen. (shrink)

The events surrounding the ‘Arab Spring’ have attracted an enormous amount of attention by the international press as well as on social media platforms, especially in its initial phase in early 2011. This article investigates how violent and forceful actions during the ‘Arab Revolutions’ were conceptualised linguistically by incorporating notions of Cognitive Semantics in a critical comparative study of press reports and Twitter posts. Focus is placed specifically on combining Talmy’s theory of Force Dynamics with methods of Critical Discourse Studies (...) in order to investigate diverging forms of schematisation of forceful interactions among protest participants. The most frequently recurring opposing force-dynamic patterns identified are defying a hindrance, prevailing stability and causation of action as well as inaction. Notable differences may be observed between mass media and social media in regard to the representation of dynamic power relations between police and protesters. (shrink)

The Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science presents before you its third volume of proceedings. The philosophy section of the volume has three main foci: the scientific explanation (Hempel and Ben-Menachem, Elster and Dascal); realism in science (Cohen and Zemach) and its implications for the problem of universals (Armstrong and Bar-Elli); and the question of demarcation: the dividing line between science and philosophy (KrUger), as well as the cognitive limits of science (Stent). There is no neat (...) separation in this volume between essays on the history of science and those on the sociology of science, and perhaps properly so. Thus, Lenoir's contribution is a clear example of the way the two disciplines combine and interrelate. Joseph Ben-David's comment on this lecture was among the last things he wrote, knowing full well that his days were numbered. Reading his contribution imparts a strong sense of loss, the loss of a great sociologist and a wise man. Not only history, however, but also historiography is a subject for reflection in this volume (Freudenthal and Kerszberg). And, finally, a couple of articles convey the sense of fascination with science as a story (Heilbron, Hughes). We have by now come to expect from the investigations reported in the Israel Colloquium series not surface unity of theme and method, but rather an underlying common commitment and zest for the scientific enterprise at its best. The third volume hopes to join the first two in footing this bill. (shrink)