The book (in German) on “Solar Energy – challenge for research, development and international co-operation” is the report of a study group of the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. It reviews solar thermal, photovoltaic, and bio mimetic solar energy techniques; prospects of de-central techniques in developing countries; transport and storage of solar energy; and chances for cooperation with Arabic countries and countries of the South of the former Soviet Union. The prospect of large scale energy production in arid areas, and (...) the modern potentials of conducting electricity over long distances by high-voltage DC transmission (V, 2.1) are particularly relevant for the concluding section. Political chances as well as risks were considered for reliable long term cooperation with various Arab countries on these issues. The recommendations appear to be still appropriate 25 years after the book was published, particularly the political advice in favour of cooperation between Europe and suitable countries of the Maghreb. The global time scale of implementation (discussed in chapter I, 7.2) is of the same (high) magnitude as that of other major changes in the history of technology, such as the substitution of sailing ships by steamboats which took almost a century. (shrink)

Die Arbeitsbibliothek von Dieter Adelmann befindet sich in der Universitätsbibliothek Potsdam und ist in diesem Band verzeichnet; der Nachlass und das Findbuch befinden sich im Universitätsarchiv Potsdam. Dieter Adelmann wurde am 1. Februar 1936 in Eisenach, Thüringen, geboren. Er studierte Philosophie, Germanistik und Soziologie an der Freien Universität Berlin und an der Universität Heidelberg und wurde dort 1968 mit der Arbeit Einheit des Bewusstseins als Grundlage der Philosophie Hermann Cohens bei Dieter Henrich und Hans-Georg Gadamer promoviert. Von (...) 1968 bis 1970 war Adelmann Leiter des „Collegium Academicum“ der Universität Heidelberg; von 1970 bis 1974 Landesgeschäftsführer der SPD in Baden-Württemberg (Zuständigkeit: Politische Planung) und zeitweise auch Wahlkreisassistent des SPD-Bundestagsabgeordneten Horst Ehmke. Anschließend arbeitete Adelmann publizistisch mit dem Grafiker und gegenwärtigen Präsidenten der Berliner Akademie der Künste, Klaus Staeck zusammen, bevor er von Juli 1977 bis einschließlich September 1979 beim Vorwärts im Ressort Parteien und Programme beschäftigt war. Nach seinem Abschied vom Vorwärts war Adelmann freiberuflich in Bonn tätig, u.a. als Journalist. 1995 war er wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Rahmen der Herausgabe der Werke Hermann Cohens am „Moses-Mendelssohn-Zentrum“ und am Lehrstuhl für Innenraumgestaltung an der Technischen Universität Dresden. Nach dem Ende der Tätigkeit in Potsdam war Adelmann bis zu seinem Tod am 30. September 2008 freiberuflicher Philosoph und Cohen-Forscher. (shrink)

German noun plurals not ending in -s are not as irregular as Clahsen suggests. Feminine nouns get the -n plural, unless they umlaut and are subject to a constraint that requires a reduced final syllable in the plural. Another regular class is masculine nouns ending in schwa, which are weakly inflected. It is suggested that more differentiated psycholinguistic experiments can identify these regularities.

(a historical text with comments - 11pages pdf - 80kB).

Den an den gewaltigen Umwälzungen unserer Zeit Interessierten bewegen heute in erster Linie die Probleme des sozialen Wandels - oder besser des dringend not wendigen Umbaus unserer Welt. Erst dahinter tritt seit einiger Zeit die Forderung nach dem Umbau des Menschen auf 1. Sie ist von der öffentlichkeit noch relativ wenig beachtet und offenbar als unangenehm fast tabuiert. Von den die Frage initiierenden Biologen ist diese Forderung aber durchaus ernst gemeint. Ihre Ten denz ist radikal. Außerhalb dieser Tendenz laufen aber (...) bereits unentwegt Prozesse, die zuerst Eingriff in die Physis und Psyche des Menschen, dann eben doch schon Veränderung bedeuten oder bedeuten können. Der Massenausstoß von Chemikalien bis ins Trinkwasser und in die Zahnpasta hinein und die permanente massenhafte Massenbeeinflussung teilgeplanter Art, zum Beispiel durch Werbung, deren Wirkung (besonders insgesamt!) völlig unbekannt ist, ist damit gemeint. Hier setzt unser Interesse ein. Die Idee einer Veränderung des Menschen ist einmal überhaupt bewegend. Zum anderen gilt ihr deshalb unser Fachinteresse, weil eine an der Kulturanthropologie und der sogenannten Philosophischen Anthropologie orientierte Soziologie durch die Behauptung und Verbreitung des Konzeptes von der »Offenheit« und »Plasti zität«, der unbegrenzten Beeinflußbarkeit und Lernfähigkeit des Menschen, zu sammen mit einer untheoretischen Evolutionstheorie erst den Hintergrund für die Idee der Möglichkeit eines »Umbaus« des Menschen geliefert hat. Ist der Mensch total offen, nicht festgelegt, dann kann er auch beliebig angepaßt werden. (shrink)

Constitutionalism: Past, Present, and Future will offer a definitive collection of Professor Dieter Grimm's most important scholarly writings on constitutional thought and interpretation. The essays included in this volume explore the conditions under which the modern constitution could emerge; they treat the characteristics that must be given if the constitution may be called an achievement, the appropriate way to understand and interpret constitutional law under current conditions, the function of judicial review, the remaining role of national constitutions in a (...) changing world, as well as the possibility of supra-national constitutionalism.Many of these essays have influenced the German and European discussion on constitutionalism and for the first time, much of the work of one of German's leading scholars of public law will be available in the English language. (shrink)

Nichtsprachliche Darstellungsformen in der Kunst finden als Medien der Vergegenwärtigung und Vermittlung philosophischer Fragestellungen gesteigerte Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Band widmet sich aus erkenntnistheoretischer Perspektive der Frage nach den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen künstlerischer Darstellungen philosophischen Denkens.0Experten der Disziplinen Kunsttheorie und Philosophie wie Elke Bippus, Horst Bredekamp, Dieter Mersch, Klaus Sachs-Hombach u. a. setzen dabei einen Fokus auf Bilder, Filme, Ausstellungspraktiken und Architektur. Die einzelnen Texte sind auch durch Graphic Recordings des Zeichners Sebastian Lörscher festgehalten, wodurch die Forschungsbeiträge selbst im Dialog (...) mit einer künstlerischen Darstellungsform stehen. (shrink)

Are empirical theories empirically testable? In this article Theoretische Begriffe und die Prüfbarkeit von Theorien V. Gadenne comes to the conclusion that theories are testable. On this basis he criticizes the non-statement view which asserts the contrary. It is shown that this criticism, however, is erroneous.

Effective inseparability of pairs of sets is an important notion in logic and computer science. We study the effective inseparability of sets which appear as index sets of subsets of an effectively given topological T0-space and discuss its consequences. It is shown that for two disjoint subsets X and Y of the space one can effectively find a witness that the index set of X cannot be separated from the index set of Y by a recursively enumerable set, if X (...) intersects the topological closure of an effectively enumerable subset of Y. As a consequence of a more general parametric inseparability result a theorem of Rice-Shapiro type is obtained. Moreover, under some additional requirements it follows that nonopen subsets have productive index sets. This implies a generalized Rice theorem: Connected spaces have only trivial completely recursive subsets. As application some decision problems in computable analysis and domain theory are studied. It follows that the complement of the halting problem can be reduced to the problem to decide of a number whether it is a computable irrational. The same is true for the problems to decide whether two numbers are equal, whether one is not greater than the other, and whether a number is equal to a given number. In the case of an effectively given continuous complete partial order the complexity of the last problem depends on whether the given element is the smallest element, in which case the complement of the halting problem is reducible to it, whether it is a base element and maximal, then the decision problem is recursively isomorphic to the halting problem, or whether it is none of these. In this case, both the halting problem and its complement are reducible to the problem. The same is true in nontrivial cases for the problems whether an element belongs to the basis, whether two elements of the partial order are equal, or whether one approximates the other. In general, for any nonempty proper subset of the partial order either the halting problem or its complement can be reduced to the membership problem of the subset. (shrink)

Tropical forest conservation in developing countries has repeatedly been highlighted as a new element in international climate policy. However, no clear ideas yet exist as to what shape such a conservation strategy might take. In the present paper, we would like to make some observations to this end. It is shown how projects in order to reduce CO 2 -emissions resulting from deforestation and degradation (REDD) can be integrated into a system of tradable emission rights in an industrialised country and (...) which requirements ought to be fulfilled. Instruments are emission credits and emission allowances. Driving actors interested in emission rights through forest projects may be private investors or the rainforest state itself. The efficiency of the system depends on a great extent on a binding reference path for the tolerable emissions from deforestation, which has been agreed upon and adhered to by the rainforest country by means of a forest law aimed at limiting deforestation. Our considerations lead us to conclude that the national baseline approach with an appropriate contribution by the rainforest country coupled with a decentralised system with private investors seems the most viable option. Since additional burdens are imposed on the rainforest country to some extent, a compromise could consist of agreeing on a moderate deforestation path, which is harmonised with the benefits from the forest projects. Combining both programmes (offset credits and emission allowances) is particularly attractive because all participants, and especially the industrialised country, benefit from it. The industrialised country can expand its climate conservation programme without any additional costs to a certain degree. (shrink)

Frederick II neither tolerated the Schwenckfeldians in Silesia as an independent denomination nor recognized them, but, rather from a legal basis demanded that they be incorporated into the Lutheran Church. With the acknowledgement of the Schwenckfeldian movement as an independant denomination, he would have gone beyond article VII of the Instrumenta Pacis Osnabrigense, jeopardizing future peace negotiations with the House of Habsburg. However, he did promise the Schwenckfeldians that the government would respect their personal faith and conscience and would be (...) willing to protect them from attack, though limited by the reason of state which would be endangered if the fundamental articles of the Christian religion were openly denied. For if these were negated one could not discount the possibility that not only Maria Theresea but also the Protestant and Catholic subjects would take offence, causing tension and diminishing the prosperity of the State. The philosopher of Sanssouci himself held freedom of faith and conscience highly, but felt it had to be subordinate to the welfare of the state. The actual reason for he gave this assurance to the Schwenckfeldians though, was not merely to give his subjects a relative amount of freedom, but, more important, to encourage further immigration into his lands. Frederick II, who saw himself as the first servant of his state, thereby hoped to raise the density of population in relatively depopulated areas, to promote manufacturing and trade, and with it the prosperity of the state. The positive impulse for the attitude of Frederic II against the Schwenckfeldians was therefore in the last analysis based on political motives. His concession of freedom of faith and conscience to the Schwenckfeldians was in principle possible only because he had granted such freedom to all his Silesian subjects - who had to belong to one of the three confessions recognized by the Peace of Westphalia- on the condition that they would not deny reverence to God or subservience to the State. In comparison to the intolerant attitude of many contemporary states which gave their subjects no liberty of faith or conscience, the position which the state of Frederic II hat taken vis-a-vis the Schwenckfeldians in Silesia therefore signifies a great step forward. This position, however, was considerably less than the religious freedom enjoyed by those Schwenckfeldians who emigrated to Pennsylvania. (shrink)

The following considerations are to be seen in the framework of nontraditional theory of predication (NTP), which stems in its basic features from Sinowjew (cf. Sinowjew 1970, Sinowjew/Wessel 1975), and which is described in detail in Wessel 1989.

Starting with D. Scott's work on the mathematical foundations of programming language semantics, interest in topology has grown up in theoretical computer science, under the slogan `open sets are semidecidable properties'. But whereas on effectively given Scott domains all such properties are also open, this is no longer true in general. In this paper a characterization of effectively given topological spaces is presented that says which semidecidable sets are open. This result has important consequences. Not only follows the classical Rice-Shapiro (...) Theorem and its generalization to effectively given Scott domains, but also a recursion theoretic characterization of the canonical topology of effectively given metric spaces. Moreover, it implies some well known theorems on the effective continuity of effective operators such as P. Young and the author's general result which in its turn entails the theorems by Myhill-Shepherdson, Kreisel-Lacombe-Shoenfield and Ceĭtin-Moschovakis, and a result by Eršov and Berger which says that the hereditarily effective operations coincide with the hereditarily effective total continuous functionals on the natural numbers. (shrink)