Werner Jaeger was at his time the most brilliant and the most influential German classicist. His most important project was a tripartite study that he finally published under the title of Paideia. Die Formung des griechischen Menschen. Paideia was much more than a detailed scholarly book on pedagogy in the ancient world. It was an attempt to interpret the history of ancient thought—from Homeric epics to Attic tragedy and Platonic philosophy—as rooted in the intention to educate human beings. And it (...) was the attempt to contribute to a contemporary German movement called ‘Third Humanism’. In this article, I give a critical overview of this work, its strengths and its shortcomings. (shrink)
This volume dispels the idea that Platonism was an otherworldly enterprise which neglected the study of the natural world. Leading scholars examine how the Platonists of late antiquity sought to understand and explain natural phenomena: their essays offer a new understanding of the metaphysics of Platonism, and its place in the history of science.
The treatise known as book Lambda of Aristotle’s Metaphysics has become one of the most debated issues of recent scholarship. Aristotle adresses here fundamental questions of his theory of substance, his idea of causes and principles, and his concept of motions. Furthermore, the importance of the text is due to the fact that it contains an outline of what was traditionally understood as Aristotle’s theology.
ZusammenfassungIn this article, I defend a version of moral constitutivism that is based on a theory of goods. It is inspired by ancient philosophy both in claiming that action theory should be formulated in teleological terms and in the idea that a sound theory of goods should be a eudaemonist one. Additionally I argue that morality can be understood on the basis of such an approach.
Neste artigo, o autor apresenta a concepção de linguagem de Santo Agostinho, sobretudo nas seguintes obras: De dialectica, De magistro e nos escritos tardios De doctrina christiana e De trinitate. É dada especial atenção à teoria agostiniana da linguagem no De magistro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Agostinho. Linguagem. De magistro. Sinais. ABSTRACT In this article the author presents St. Augustine’s conception of language philosophy, with special concern for the following works: De dialectica, De Magistro and the later writings De doctrina christiana and (...) De Trinitate. The enphasis of the exposition relies on St. Augustine’s philosophy of language in De magistro. KEY WORDS – Augustine. Philosophy of language. De magistro. Signs. (shrink)
Werk und Wirkung. Die "Politik" ist die bedeutendste staatsphilosophische Schrift des Aristoteles; aus ihr bildete sich schon früh die abendländische Tradition politischen Denkens. Vom Hellenismus über Spätantike und Mittelalter bis zum 19. Jahrhundert die verschlungene Geschichte des politischen Aristotelismus ist bislang nur lückenhaft aufgearbeitet. Die in diesem Band versammelten Kapitel werfen ein neues Licht auf die komplexen Nachwirkungen der aristotelischen "Politik".
In the epistemology of his middle period, Plato repeatedly describes the alleged ‘intellection of true reality’ in terms of sight, vision, illumination, or touch. Does this show more than Plato’s preference for optic and haptic metaphors? Should we assume that this goes back to a specific reason to be found in his underlying epistemological position? On the traditional reading, Plato actually wants to defend a sort of intuitionism. According to this still wide-spread reading, he claims that there is a very (...) particular way of grasping Forms: Philosophers manage to come into a sort of direct contact with intelligible objects. Intellection is thus conceived as a quasi-visual presence of intelligible Forms. In our contribution, we want to challenge this interpretation by raising several objections against it. Surprisingly, there exists a close parallel in Aristotelian scholarship: Although Aristotle’s epistemology is built on considerably different foundations, there is an interpretative tradition according to which one has to assume a strict discontinuity between the methodical procedure and the intellection of the highest epistemic objects. As for Plato, we want to refuse an interpretation of Aristotle based on a concept of intuition characterized by the following features: Intuition is a specific way of gaining knowledge. It is independent of empirical conditions and leads to apriori knowledge. It consists of some experience of evidence or is accompanied by it. Knowledge gained by this kind of intuition does not need any further argument or justification. (shrink)
The volume discusses the notion of space by focusing on the most representative exponents of the Hellenistic schools and explores the role played by spatial concepts in both coeval and later authors who, without specifically thematising these concepts, made use of them in a theoretically original way. Renowned scholars investigate the philosophical significance and bring to light the problematical character of the ancient conceptions of space.
Sabe-se que os autores antigos queriam saber a resposta à pergunta segundo a vida Sabe-se que os autores antigos queriam saber a resposta à pergunta segundo a vida boa. Eles queriam saber a razão/motivo de condução da vida humana para o bom resultado ou para o fracasso e, assim, conduzir a práxis individual. De outro modo, mostra-se a filosofia moral moderna que prioriza o interesse nos princípios e nos problemas de fundamentação moral, nos casos de conflitos políticos relevantes e nos (...) campos de aplicação social precários. O acento da filosofia moral antiga está centrado no agente (agentcentered), enquanto na filosofia moral moderna, no ato (act-centered). Central para os antigos era a qualidade moral da pessoa agente, central para os modernos é a pergunta acerca do valor moral das ações de acordo com sua ligação e fundamentos para isso. boa. Eles queriam saber a razão/motivo de condução da vida humana para o bom resultado ou para o fracasso e, assim, conduzir a práxis individual. De outro modo, mostra-se a filosofia moral moderna que prioriza o interesse nos princípios e nos problemas de fundamentação moral, nos casos de conflitos políticos relevantes e nos campos de aplicação social precários. O acento da filosofia moral antiga está centrado no agente (agentcentered), enquanto na filosofia moral moderna, no ato (act-centered). Central para os antigos era a qualidade moral da pessoa agente, central para os modernos é a pergunta acerca do valor moral das ações de acordo com sua ligação e fundamentos para isso. (shrink)
Diferentes interpretações foram oferecidas ao argumento agostiniano do cogito, tradicionalmente preocupadas com as possíveis semelhanças entre esse e o cogito, sum de Descartes. Centrando-se em De civitate Dei XI 26, o autor oferece uma análise minuciosa do tema em Agostinho, considerando três aspectos: o tema da relação entre o cogito cartesiano e o agostiniano, o lugar do argumento agostiniano no contexto da filosofia da Antiguidade Tardia, o sentido do argumento do cogito no pensamento do próprio Agostinho.
