Peran dunia pendidikan menjadi penting dalam membangun peradaban bangsa yang didasarkan atas jati diri dan karakter bangsa. Tema Hari Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2012 ini adalah “Bangkitnya Generasi Emas Indonesia”. Tema ini sejalan dengan hakikat pendidikan yang telah ditekankan oleh Bapak Pendidikan Nasional yaitu Ki Hajar Dewantoro. Melalui pembangunan karakter bangsa, diharapkan dapat menciptakan manusia Indonesia yang unggul. Dalam penelitian ini, mengembangkan 6 (enam) nilai karakteristik yang wajib tertanam pada setiap diri mahasiswa. Karakteristik tersebut ditanamkan melalui proses perkuliahan yang (...) diselenggarakan selama 1 semester pada Mata Kuliah Matematika 1 di Jurusan PGMI Fakultas Tarbiyah Tahun Pelajaran 2011-2012. Pada mata kuliah ini, pendidikan karakter didekati melalui pemecahan masalah, yang merupakan bagian penting yang harus diajarkan kepada peserta didik. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan metode inkulkasi (penanaman), yang ditempuh dengan memperhatikan perbedaan pada masing-masing peserta didik. Di sinilah penggolongan tipe kepribadian akan bermanfaat untuk menghargai perbedaan, sehingga bermanfaat bagi penunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran. Hasil yang diharapkan dari pembelajaran ini adalah peserta didik mampu memecahkan masalah dalam kehidupannya, dengan didasari oleh nilai yang sekaligus akan dapat mendukung pembangunan karakternya, sehingga pada akhirnya pendidikan karakter dapat tertanam. (shrink)

U članku se raspravlja o značenju, ulozi i važnosti moralnog identiteta i karaktera za etiku i vođenje dobrog života . Moderno društvo je društvo stalne promjene i osjećaja nesigurnosti. Svijet se doima fragmentiranim i diskontinuiranim. Vrlo je teško formirati trajni identitet u takvome svijetu. U prošlosti je izbor životnog projekta bio izbor nad izborima. U tekućoj modernosti, identitet je fleksibilan i u stanju stalne transformacije, u kojem pojedinac neprestano redefinira sebe postajući tako netko drugi nego što je bio do tada. (...) Centralno pitanje kojim ovaj rad prilazi navedenim temama je nudi li nam ikada moralni identitet dovoljno dobre razloge za djelovanje i, nadalje, koja od moralnih teorija je najprikladnija da ponudi pozitivan odgovor na to pitanje. (shrink)

Propositions of law are based upon normative judgement. The interpretation and application of legal provisions rest upon a judgement that determines which weight must be attributed to some point of view or perspective. In this respect, legal theory has a normative character. Its normative character does not preclude legal theory from being a scientific discipline. The scientific character of legal theory is not located in the possibility of testing the correctness of its theories. Rather, legal theory owes it scientific character (...) to the shared standards of production and evaluation of legal arguments: the grammar of justice. (shrink)

Social interpretation on vernacular architecture in Kudus, Jawa Tengah Province, Indonesia.

Amsterdam University Press is a leading publisher of academic books, journals and textbooks in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Our aim is to make current research available to scholars, students, innovators, and the general public. AUP stands for scholarly excellence, global presence, and engagement with the international academic community.

Indonesia’s current education emphasizes the scientific approach, from elementary school, junior high school and college. It is clearly visible in the curriculum documents applied by the current government of Indonesia which is known as the 2013 Curriculum. By conducting philosophical studies, a scientific approach that emphasizes rationality can be a knife to seek and solve the causes of events in science. In Marx’s terms, science and technology infrastructures, both of which will determine the superstructure of the international world including culture, (...) morals, law, and even religion. Science can also eliminate unfounded (magical) trust in traditional societies. In the context of Indonesia scientific approach to form a nation-based character rational science.In other words, the more dominant the critical scientific awareness than the mystic. According to Agus Comte and more clearly on Freire, divides human consciousness into three levels: magical awareness, native awareness, and critical awareness. The civilization of the Indonesian nation seems to be in a great deal of this magical awareness. With a scientific approach, it is not impossible for Indonesian civilization to move to the level of critical awareness. Critical awareness is an asset to a more civilized civilization in the future. (shrink)

On Javanese philosophy of leadership and political ethics.

[Title: A phenomenological account of the habitual and active character of ignorance] -/- A number of critical social epistemologists have argued that a form of ignorance makes up the epistemic dimension of existing relations of oppression based on racial and/or gender identity. Recent phenomenological accounts of the habitual nature of perception can be understood as describing the bodily, tacit, and affective character of this form of ignorance. At the same time, as I aim to show in this article, more could (...) be phenomenologically said and made of both the active and pervasive character of said ignorance. Drawing on the phenomenological concept of receptivity, I propose a way to further understand the active character of ignorance both in and beyond perception. By doing so, we also get a better view on what it would take to overcome this kind of ignorance. (shrink)

Özet: Bu metindeki amacım Kripke’nin kurgu çözümlemesinde özel adlar ve adımsılar (pretended name) arasındaki ilişkiyi ele almak. Kripke için özel adlar değişmez imleyicilerdir (rigid designator), yani tek bir varlığı/şeyi var olduğu tüm olanaklı dünyalarda biricik belirlerler. Adımsılar ise kurgusal söylemde ortaya çıkan kurgunun taslamasının bir parçasıdır; yani kurgu dünyadaki karakterlerin adlarıdır. Kripke’ye göre adımsılar sadece gerçek adları taklit eden fakat taklit ve benzerlik ilişkisinden öte bir ilişkileri olmayan, adlardan kategorik olarak farklı şeylerdir. Fakat Kripke için adlar ve adımsılar kategorik olarak (...) farklı olsalar da bu iki dilsel birim birbirlerini belirler gibi gözükür. Yani “Sherlock Holmes” özel adı, “Sherlock Holmes” özel adımsısı ile eşseslidir fakat bunun gerekçesi yeterince açık değildir. Bu açık olmama durumu kurgusal karakter adlandırma önermelerinin adlandırıcı açısından a priori ve olumsal mı olduğu yoksa a posteriori ve zorunlu mu olduğu sorusuyla ilişkilidir. Böylelikle bu belirleme ilişkisi ya zorunlu ya da olumsal bir ilişkidir. Ben bu belirleme ilişkisinin olumsal olduğunu savunacağım. Fakat bu belirleme ilişkisi olumsal olsa da ad ve adımsı arasında eşseslilik açısından sıkı bir ilişki olmaya devam eder. Ben bu sıkı ilişkinin genellikle kendiliğinden bir ilişki olduğunu, kurgu karakterin önce adı olabileceği gibi ilişkilendiği adımsısı da olabileceğini ve bu ayrım yeterince düşünülmediği için genellikle ad ve adımsının eşseslilik açısından çakıştığını savunacağım. Fakat ilişkilendiği adımsı ve özel adı eşsesli olmayan karakterler de olabileceğini ileri süreceğim. Son olarak ise bu dediklerimizden adımsıların geçtiği betimlemeler üretebileceğimizi ve bunlar yoluyla da kurgu varlıklara değişen imleyiciler olarak gönderimde bulunabileceğimizi savunacağım. Abstract: My purpose in the article is to explore the relation between proper names and pretended names in Kripke’s analysis of fiction. According to Kripke, proper names are rigid designators, so they designate the same object in all possible worlds in which that object exists. In contrast, pretended names are part of the pretense in fiction; they are names of fictional entities in fictional worlds. For Kripke, pretended names just pretend real names but there is no further relation apart from a similarity between them. Although in his view, names and pretended names are categorically different from each other, they seem to determine each other. That is, the proper name “Sherlock Holmes” and the pretended name “Sherlock Holmes” are homophones. However, the reason for their being homophone is not clear enough in this view. That unclarity concerns the question of whether the propositions that are used to name fictional entities are a priori contingent or a posteriori necessary. Thus, the relation of determining is either necessary or contingent. I will defend that it is contingent. However, though it is contingent, names and pretended names have a strict relation in the sense of being homophone. I will argue that this strict relation is generally a spontaneous relation; there are two possibilities: fictional entities have names before the associated pretended names come to existence or vice versa. I think names and pretended names generally coincide because this relation is not being thought thoroughly. Finally, I will defend that we can produce descriptions in which pretended names occur and we can refer to fictional entities non-rigidly via these descriptions. (shrink)

Filosofische verkenning van het karakter van de altijddurende zoektocht van de mens naar waarheid.

The author examines the character of the changes taking place in contemporary Serbian society. He emphasizes at the same time that contemporary Serbian philosophy is facing these crucial questions as well, which without it cannot be even addressed, let alone solved. The key difference between modern West European and contemporary Serbian societies, seen from the perspective of philosophy, is demonstrated most clearly in the manner of constituting institutions and transforming the modern Serbian society. In the process of building modern institutions (...) philosophy, not just in our country but throughout the Slavic East, has not had the role it played in Europe. Here lies the explanation why natural consciousness and an original ethos, though considerably modified, still remain unadapted and today represent a major obstacle to the establishment of the rule of European law. Without a change in the sense of justice and respect for the law it is impossible to accomplish the transformation of the society in which the law recognized by a democratic state could not be super ordinate to any reason. The crucial role of philosophy in this process is seen by the author not only in establishing modern European institutions and acceptance of the principle of European legislation, but above all in its influence on the transformation of the original ethos and establishment of new criteria on which the reflection, decision making and action of any individual would be based.. Autor u ovom radu nastoji da pokaze u cemu se sastoji sustinski karakter promenama koje se danas ostvaruju u savremenom srpskom drustvu, ukazujuci istovremeno, da i savremena srpska filozofija stoji pred tim sustinskim pitanjima, koja se bez njenog sudelovanja ne mogu na valjan nacin ni predociti, a kamo li da se mogu uvideti putevi njihovog razresenja. Kljucna razlika izmedju modernog zapadnoevropskog i savremenog srpskog drustva, sagledanog iz perspektive filozofije, najjasnije se pokazuje u nacinu konstituisanju institucija i nacina preobrazaja modernog srpskog drustva. U izgradnji modernih institucija filozofija, ne samo u nas, vec i na celom slovenskom istoku nije imala onu ulogu koju je imala u Evropi. U toj cinjenici nalazi se objasnjenje zasto su prirodna svest i izvorna obicajnost, iako znatno izmenjeni, ostali ipak neprilagodjeni i danas predstavljaju jednu od glavnih prepreka u uspostavljanju vladavine evropskog prava. Bez promene osecanja pravednosti i postovanja zakona nije moguce izvrsiti preobrazaj drustva u kojem pravo priznato od demokratske drzave ne bi moglo biti nadredjeno nikakvom umu. Kljucnu ulogu filozofije, autor ne vidi samo u uspostavljanju modernih evropskih institucija i prihvatanju nacela evropskog zakonodavstva, vec pre svega u njenom uticaju na preobrazaj izvornog etosa i uspostavljanje novih merila na kojima ce biti zasnovano promisljanje, odlucivanje i delanje svakog pojedinca.. (shrink)

Als er iéts duurzaam kan worden genoemd, zijn het wel levensbeschouwingen. Vermoedelijk is bij de mens de reflectie op het eigen leven begonnen toen het cognitieve vermogen om te reflecteren ontstond. Rotstekeningen van tienduizenden jaren oud zijn de eerste tastbare aanwijzingen in die richting. En sindsdien is de mensheid blijven reflecteren op zijn eigen bestaan, op de wereld om hem heen, op het firmament erboven en op de samenhang tussen dat alles. Op welk moment daarbij het bovennatuurlijke, spirituele of goddelijke (...) in de reflecties werd betrokken is onbekend, maar zeker ook al duizenden jaren geleden. Wereldbeschouwingen hebben in de regel implicaties voor het menselijk handelen, ze zijn zelden uitsluitend beschouwend van karakter. Ze bevatten bijvoorbeeld impliciete of expliciete opvattingen over de ontologie, de ‘aard der dingen’, ons vermogen om de werkelijkheid te kennen en ze hebben meestal implicaties voor de ethiek. (shrink)

In 'Een handvol filosofen' staan de filosofen centraal die sinds de oprichting van de Vrije Universiteit in 1880 aan deze instelling verbonden zijn geweest. Het gaat hierbij niet alleen om de inhoud van hun werk, maar ook om de personen zelf. Er waren filosofiedocenten die zich met de universiteit identificeerden en zich volledig konden ontplooien. Er waren er echter ook voor wie dit niet gold, die geïsoleerd of in gewetensnood raakten. Veel filosofiestudenten waren actief betrokken bij wat er in hun (...) faculteit gebeurde. Zij namen initiatieven, protesteerden soms tegen de gang van zaken en kozen partij in conflictsituaties. Sinds het eind van de jaren zestig van de twintigste eeuw verloor de Vrije Universiteit geleidelijk haar christelijk karakter. Tegenwoordig werken alle stafleden vanuit hun eigen motivatie mee aan een hoofdzakelijk seculier geworden universiteit, die ruimte biedt voor religieuze en levensbeschouwelijke diversiteit. (shrink)

Bu çalışma 10-15 yaş arası gençlerin beğendikleri ve/veya model aldıkları televizyon karakterlerinin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 310 genç oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket formu ile gençlerin beğendikleri ve/veya model aldıkları hem kadın hem de erkek televizyon karakterlerinin özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda hem kız ve erkeklerin eğlenceli, yakışıklı/güzel, başarılı, etkileyici, güçlü ve takdir edilen karakter özelliklerini beğendikleri ve/veya model aldıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Erkeklerde güçlü ve başarılı karakter özellikleri daha fazla görülürken, kızlarda güzel ve etkileyici olma (...) class='Hi'>karakter özelliklerinin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. (shrink)

Wittgenstein wordt wel beschouwd als een tegenstander van het ‘cognitivisme’ in de godsdienstfilosofie. Ik probeer hier aan te tonen dat Wittgenstein ook een tegenwicht biedt tegen hedendaagse benaderingen in de cultuurwetenschappen. De hedendaagse culturele antropologie is gestoeld op een combinatie van evolutionaire en cognitieve psychologie. ‘Betekenis’ wordt daarin opgevat als een cognitief proces dat zijn belichaming vindt in ons brein, en daarmee privé is. Wittgenstein wijst echter op het publieke karakter van betekenis, en op een andere notie van belichaming, (...) die te maken heeft met dat publieke karakter alsook met betekenis als relevantie. (shrink)

Een wijsgerig-methodologische studie welke zich alleen bezighoudt met het van de ervaring afhankelijke karakter van het empirisch onderzoek.

Prilog ispituje pretpostavku o univerzalnosti metafore i njenu ulogu u diksursu filozofije i nauke. U prvom delu istrazuje se teza o metafori kao?sveproz?imajuc?em sredstvu? i njen uticaj na metadiskurs o filozofiji i nauci u prilozima nekih savremenih epistemologa nauke i filozofije jezika. Cilj rasprave je, s jedne strane, pokazati da se univerzalizacija metafore uglavnom vise odvija kao precutna zamena metafora modelima i analogijama nego kao razrada pretpostavljene konstitutivne uloge genuinih metafora u racionalnom diskursu. Na toj osnovi se u drugom i (...) trecem delu pokusavaju pruziti argumenti za lociranje tradicionalno prepostavljene?iracionalnosti? metafora da bi se iznova promislila vaznost razlike izmedju doslovnosti temeljnih jezickih funkcija s jedne strane i emfaticnih iskaza sadrzanih u metaforickim izrazima s druge strane. Time se sugerise drugaciji model vrednovanja metafora kao univerzalnih, legitimnih i epistemicki inovativnih u racionalnom diskursu filozofije i nauke. Ovakvo gledanje na metafore dopusta da se verovanje u univerzalni karakter prenosa u jeziku i misljenju temelji u univerzalnosti jezicnih funkcija, a ne u posebnosti metafore kao forme izricaja, a da se pri tome metafore i dalje smatraju onim sto zapravo jesu: posebni i ujedno karakteristicni deo jezika bez kojeg nikakav uvid u diferencijalni i materijalni karakter jezika ne bi bio moguc. (shrink)

The main goal of this paper is the reaffirmation and emphasis of the radical, revolutionary aspect of Kierkegaard?s thought which has been mainly neglected in the standard literature on the Danish thinker. The author contends that there were two crises in Kierkegaard?s life: in 1838 and 1848. In 1838 Kierkegaard completely withdrew from the world and people into his?hidden inwardness?, which he claimed to be the essence of true Christianity. In 1848 he broke through his isolation and spoke openly of (...) his new conviction. He stressed the practical and revolutionary character of Christianity, which demanded revolutionary change of the entire society and inner revolution in the individual personality in accordance with the authentic early Christian faith. Glavni cilj ovog rada je reafirmacija i naglasavanje radikalnog, revolucionarnog aspekta Kjerkegorove misli koji je bio uglavnom zanemaren u standardnoj literaturi o danskom misliocu. Autorka tvrdi da su u Kjerkegorovom zivotu postojale dve krize: 1838. i 1848. Godine 1838. Kjerkegor se potpuno povukao iz sveta i od ljudi u svoju?skrivenu unutrasnjost? za koju je tvrdio da je sustina istinskog hriscanstva. Godine 1848. on je razbio sopstvenu izolaciju i otvoreno progovorio o svom novom ubedjenju. Naglasio je prakticki i revolucionarni karakter hriscanstva koji je zahtevao revolucionarnu promenu citavog drustva i unutrasnju revoluciju u licnosti pojedinca u skladu sa autenticnom ranom hriscanskom verom. (shrink)