[Comment] We believe that climate winners have a part to play in redressing the inequalities brought about by climate change—indeed, we think some of their winnings are not legitimate because they were unearned, lucky windfalls. But the matter must be considered carefully. First, we do not claim that all climate gains are illegitimate, meaning that climate justice does not warrant confiscating all climate gains wholesale. Next, and perhaps somewhat unintuitively (at first), we argue that some of the illegitimate gains should (...) be transferred to polluters—that is the unintuitive part—while the rest should be used to compensate those harmed by climate change. [Open access]. (shrink)

In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was used to help cars dealers recognize the many characteristics of cars, including manufacturers, their location and classification of cars according to several categories including: Make, Model, Type, Origin, DriveTrain, MSRP, Invoice, EngineSize, Cylinders, Horsepower, MPG_Highway, Weight, Wheelbase, Length. ANN was used in prediction of the number of miles per gallon when the car is driven in the city(MPG_City). The results showed that ANN model was able to predict MPG_City with 97.50 (...) % accuracy. The factor of DriveTrain has the most influence on MPG_City evaluation. Similar studies can be carried out for the evaluation of other characteristics of cars. (shrink)

Climate ethics has been concerned with polluter pays, beneficiary pays and ability to pay principles, all of which consider climate change as a single negative externality. This paper considers it as a constellation of externalities, positive and negative, with different associated demands of justice. This is important because explicitly considering positive externalities has not to our knowledge been done in the climate ethics literature. Specifically, it is argued that those who enjoy passive gains from climate change owe gains not to (...) the net losers, but to the emitters, just as the emitters owe compensation to the net losers for the negative externality. This is defended by appeal to theoretical virtues and to the social benefits of generating positive externalities, even when those positive externalities are coupled with far greater negative externalities. We call this the Polluter Pays, Then Receives ('PPTR', or 'Peter') Principle. This principle is then applied at two levels in the context of Canada. [Open access]. (shrink)

El debate académico sobre el significado político de los derechos humanos ha puesto el acento en su dimensión negativa o privada, olvidando la dimensión positiva o pública que despliegan en el proceso de integración de una sociedad política determinada, como la democrática. El artículo rescata la dimensión política de los derechos humanos como un elemento constitutivo clave de la sociedad democrática. La hipótesis de que parte es que los derechos humanos otorgan carta de naturalidad a una lucha real a favor (...) de la libertad política y contra la opresión que encuentra su materialización histórica en la sociedad democrática y su negación en la sociedad totalitaria. Para desarrollar el argumento, recurre a la teoría de Claude Lefort, quien asocia el discurso de los derechos humanos con una concepción general de la sociedad que se realiza históricamente en la sociedad democrática. (shrink)

Excerpt from Bibliographie Méthodique du Pragmatisme Américain, Anglais Et Italien Nous ne pensons pas avoir besoin d'argumenter lon guement pour établir l'utilité d'un travail comme celui que nous présentons ici. Notre propre étude sur le Prag melisma américain et anglais eût été singulièrement faci litée si nous avions rencontré cette bibliographie toute faite, au lieu d'ètre obligé de la dresser patiemment. Sans doute les oeuvres de James et celles de M. Schiller sont assez faciles à trouver. Et ces deux écrivains (...) pra tiquent bien l'art des-références. Mais l'on n'en saurait certes dire autant d'un Dewey, dont les productions ont véritablement besoin d'ètre dépistées. Au reste, mème en supposant chez tous nos auteurs les meilleures habitudes bibliographiques, un effort _demeurerait encore néces saire pour constituer une table de la littérature pragma tiste considérée dans son ensemble. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

t. 1. Economie politique et philosophie sociale -- t. 2. Economie normative et philosophie morale -- t. 3. Science économique et philosophie des sciences -- t. 4. Leçons de philosophie économique.

Raymond Klibansky est né à Paris en 1905, dans une famille d'origine juive allemande. De l'Allemagne cultivée de l'entre-deux-guerres et des sociétés d'étudiants, via la montée du nazisme et le sauvetage de la bibliothèque Warburg, jusqu'à son rôle d'espion pour les Britanniques, ce philosophe a côtoyé les plus grands esprits de ce siècle.

El súbito consenso que se ha producido en nuestros días alrededor de la importancia de la noción democracia no se ha acompañado de una reflexión filosófica sobre su sentido moderno. La obra filosófica de Claude Lefort ha contribuido a llenar este vacío teórico. Para Lefort, el sentido de la democracia moderna no puede revelarse, como ha supuesto la ciencia política, a través de la descripción del funcionamiento de sus instituciones, sino puede estudiarse mediante la exploración de su dimensión simbólica. En (...) efecto, la fundación y el destino de la democracia son inseparables de la indeterminación de sus fundamentos y de la infigurabilidad del poder, de la ley y del saber. Origen y destino que bien pueden ser rastreados a la luz del contraste entre la sociedad democrática y la sociedad totalitaria. El presente ensayo se ocupa de contrastar la dimensión simbólica de ambas formas de sociedad. Palabras clave: Democracia; totalitarismo; dimensión simbólica; político; Claude Lefort Democracy and totalitarianism: The Symbolic Dimension of the Political according to Claude LefortThe sudden consensus prevailing nowadays on the importance of the concept of democracy has not been accompanied by a philosophical reflection on its modern sense. Claude Lefort’s philosophical work has helped to fill this theoretical vacuum. According to Lefort, the sense of modern democracy cannot be disclosed, as political science has assumed, just by describing the operation of its institutions. Rather, it may be studied by exploring its symbolic dimension. In fact, democracy’s origin and fate are inseparable from the indeterminacy of its foundation and the non-figurable nature of power, law and knowledge. Such an origin and fate may indeed be tracked in light of the contrast between the democratic society and the totalitarian one. This essay aims to contrast the symbolic dimension of both forms of society. Keywords : Democracy; totalitarianism; symbolic dimension; political; Claude Lefort. (shrink)

PIERRE BOURDIEU OR A CON-ARTIST'S SOCIOLOGY It seems daring, even pretentious — and perhaps useless — to attempt to show how limited are Pierre Bourdieu's ...

In 2011, van Dijck and Fias described a positional SNARC effect: the SPoARC. To-be-remembered items presented centrally on a screen seemed to acquire a left-to-right spatial dimension. If confirmed, this spatialization could be crucial for immediate memory theories. However, given the intricate links between visual and spatial dimensions, this effect could be due to the visual presentation, which could have probed the left-to-right direction of reading/writing. To allow a generalization of this effect, we adapted van Dijck and Fias's task using (...) an auditory version of Sternberg's paradigm. Lists of five consonants were auditorily presented at a rate of 3 s/item. A SPoARC effect was observed. The consequences are discussed first from an immediate memory perspective, putting forward the view that order could be coded through spatialization, and then in terms of similarities between SPoARC and SNARC. (shrink)

Prior research suggests that visual features of the classroom environment (e.g., charts and posters) are potential sources of distraction hindering children's ability to maintain attention to instructional activities and reducing learning gains in a laboratory classroom. However, prior research only examined short‐term exposure to elements of classroom décor, and it remains unknown whether children habituate to the visual environment with repeated exposure. In study 1, we explored experimentally the possibility that children may habituate to the visual environment if the visual (...) displays are static. We measured kindergarten children's patterns of attention allocation in a decorated classroom environment over a 2‐week period and compared the percentage of time children spent off‐task to a baseline condition in which the classroom environment was streamlined (i.e., charts, posters, and manipulatives were removed). The findings indicate that with more prolonged exposure to a static visual environment, partial habitation effects were observed: Attention to the environment declined at the end of the exposure period compared to the beginning of the study; however, the environment remained a significant source of off‐task behavior even after 2 weeks of exposure. In study 2, we extend this work by conducting a longitudinal observation of six primary classrooms in which we measured children's patterns of attention allocation in real classrooms for 15 weeks to investigate whether increasing familiarity with the classroom décor would influence attention toward the visual environment. No evidence of habituation was observed in genuine classrooms in study 2. Potential implications for classroom design and future directions are discussed. (shrink)

An increasing number of studies about teacher’s induction issues mention that it is essential to take into account the types of support needs of beginning teachers to offer them adequate support. Few researchers have accurately portrayed the types of support needs felt by novice teachers and focused on the degree of agreement between the type of support needs felt and the perceived support received. This research used data drawn from a French-language survey (n = 156) and semi-directed interviews (n = (...) 10) conducted in Quebec with novice teachers. Quantitative analyzes using association measures on types of support needs and perception of support received indicate that the support perceived by teachers is largely inconsistent with the types of support needs felt. The interviews provide a better understanding of the quantitative results and suggest some possible solutions. (shrink)

This book explores the shift in sociology away from the shared aspiration of the classical transition, of transcending partiality through the construction of a "science of society", in the face of challenges to the notion of objectivity. With the increasing subjugation of sociology to political ideologies and a growing emphasis on "policy", which casts sociology in the role of a provider of intellectual content for political programs, this volume asks whether the situation is the result of an exhaustion of ideas (...) or might perhaps be rooted in the failure in the very program of establishing sociology as a science. Taking seriously the challenges to the classical aspiration of constructing theories that both explain and are grounded in empirical reality, The Future of Sociology asks whether the core idea of transcending ideology is still worth pursuing, and whether there remains scope for making sociology scientific. As such, it will appeal to scholars and students of sociology, social theory, and social scientific methodology. (shrink)

Son histoire l'a prouvé, le roman tient à deux mondes divergents, qu'il met en lutte autant qu'il les rapproche : celui de la réalité et celui des fictions imaginées par ses personnages. Mais lorsque les rêves des personnages tendent à se confondre avec la réalité, le roman n'atteint-il pas les limites de son action? De cette frontière témoignent tout particulièrement les œuvres romanesques du XIXe siècle. De Balzac à Zola, de Flaubert à Proust, le personnage réaliste rêve des fictions toujours (...) plus ténues qui lui font perdre ses contours et vont jusqu'à le rapprocher des figures de plus en plus abstraites exposées par la peinture de la même époque. Parvenu à ce point critique, le roman doit trouver les moyens de se poursuivre : passage fascinant, analysé ici par Isabelle Daunais à la lumière de ce qu'elle appelle une histoire interne du roman. A travers le roman réaliste, c'est ainsi l'œuvre générale du roman qu'elle éclaire sous un angle nouveau. (shrink)

Dans son séminaire "Hostilité/hospitalité" donné en 1995-1996 et 1996-1997, Jacques Derrida a multiplié les analyses de ce concept énigmatique. Se déplaçant de l'hospitalité universelle promue par Kant et les Lumières à l'Antiquité grecque, il s'est ensuite penché sur l'hospitalité abrahamique. Son analyse de la Genèse l'a conduit à relire la pensée de Levinas, pour proposer ensuite un nouveau déplacement : allant à la rencontre de l'hospitalité islamique, il engage un dialogue avec la pensée de Louis Massignon, qu'il relit à travers (...) celle de Levinas. C'est au cœur de cette rencontre que Derrida associe, de manière essentielle, l'hospitalité et la substitution, dont Massignon avait fait le cœur de son approche de "l'hospitalité sacrée". L'héritage abrahamique de l'islam se trouve ainsi rapproché de la tradition juive et chrétienne. Ce n'est pas le moindre mérite de cet important séminaire que de rappeler la haute figure de Massignon et de restituer pour le présent un idéal d'hospitalité inconditionnelle que Derrida n'a jamais cessé de promouvoir."--Publisher's description. (shrink)